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Liu S, Yeh C, Reavill C, Jones B, Zou Y, Hai Y. Molecular and Structural Basis for Cγ-C Bond Formation by PLP-Dependent Enzyme Fub7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317161. [PMID: 38308582 PMCID: PMC10947850 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes that catalyze γ-replacement reactions are prevalent, yet their utilization of carbon nucleophile substrates is rare. The recent discovery of two PLP-dependent enzymes, CndF and Fub7, has unveiled unique C-C bond forming capabilities, enabling the biocatalytic synthesis of alkyl- substituted pipecolic acids from O-acetyl-L-homoserine and β-keto acid or aldehyde derived enolates. This breakthrough presents fresh avenues for the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid derivatives. However, the catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes remain elusive, and a dearth of structural information hampers their extensive application. Here, we have broadened the catalytic scope of Fub7 by employing ketone-derived enolates as carbon nucleophiles, revealing Fub7's capacity for substrate-dependent regioselective α-alkylation of unsymmetrical ketones. Through an integrated approach combining X-ray crystallography, spectroscopy, mutagenesis, and computational docking studies, we offer a detailed mechanistic insight into Fub7 catalysis. Our findings elucidate the structural basis for its substrate specificity, stereoselectivity, and regioselectivity. Our work sets the stage ready for subsequent protein engineering effort aimed at expanding the synthetic utility of Fub7, potentially unlocking novel methods to access a broader array of noncanonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93110, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93110, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Chloe Reavill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93110, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93110, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yike Zou
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 94550, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, 93110, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Abstract
This review of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids (i.e., those in which the parent bicyclic systems are in general not embedded in polycyclic arrays) is an update of the previous coverage in Volume 55 of this series (2001). The present survey covers the literature from mid-1999 to the end of 2013; and in addition to aspects of the isolation, characterization, and biological activity of the alkaloids, much emphasis is placed on their total synthesis. A brief introduction to the topic is followed by an overview of relevant alkaloids from fungal and microbial sources, among them slaframine, cyclizidine, Steptomyces metabolites, and the pantocins. The important iminosugar alkaloids lentiginosine, steviamine, swainsonine, castanospermine, and related hydroxyindolizidines are dealt with in the subsequent section. The fourth and fifth sections cover metabolites from terrestrial plants. Pertinent plant alkaloids bearing alkyl, functionalized alkyl or alkenyl substituents include dendroprimine, anibamine, simple alkaloids belonging to the genera Prosopis, Elaeocarpus, Lycopodium, and Poranthera, and bicyclic alkaloids of the lupin family. Plant alkaloids bearing aryl or heteroaryl substituents include ipalbidine and analogs, secophenanthroindolizidine and secophenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (among them septicine, julandine, and analogs), ficuseptine, lasubines, and other simple quinolizidines of the Lythraceae, the simple furyl-substituted Nuphar alkaloids, and a mixed quinolizidine-quinazoline alkaloid. The penultimate section of the review deals with the sizable group of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids isolated from, or detected in, ants, mites, and terrestrial amphibians, and includes an overview of the "dietary hypothesis" for the origin of the amphibian metabolites. The final section surveys relevant alkaloids from marine sources, and includes clathryimines and analogs, stellettamides, the clavepictines and pictamine, and bis(quinolizidine) alkaloids.
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Chiral synthesis of indolizidines 209D and 167B via asymmetric oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Enantioselective access to (−)-indolizidines 167B, 209D, 239AB, 195B and (−)-monomorine from a common chiral synthon. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Baumann D, Bennis K, Ripoche I, Théry V, Troin Y. Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibitory Study of New Polyhydroxylated Indolizidines. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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New 2-(2-pyridyl)piperidines: synthesis, complexation of palladium and catalytic activity in Suzuki reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kamimura A, Nagata Y, Kadowaki A, Uchida K, Uno H. Stereoselective conjugate addition of lactams to nitroalkenes and formal total synthesis of indolizidine 167B. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Remuson R. A convenient allylsilane-N-acyliminium route toward indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2007; 3:32. [PMID: 17910752 PMCID: PMC2148044 DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-3-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review relates all the results that we obtained in the field of the total synthesis of indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids using a strategy of the addition of an allylsilane on an N-acyliminium ion. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of racemic indolizidine 167B and chiral indolizidines: (-)-indolizidines 167B, 195B, 223AB, (+)-monomorine, (-)-(3R,5S,8aS)-3-butyl-5-propylindolizidine and (-)-dendroprimine. Next, we relate the synthesis that we have developed in the quinolizidines field: (±)-myrtine and epimyrtine, (±)-lasubines I and II and chiral quinolizidines: (+)-myrtine, (-)-epimyrtine, (-)-lasubines I and II and (+)-subcosine II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Remuson
- UMR 6504, CNRS Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Fd), 63177 Aubière Cédex, France.
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Davis FA, Zhang J, Li Y, Xu H, DeBrosse C. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Piperidines from Sulfinimine-Derived δ-Amino β-Ketoesters. Formal Synthesis of Pseudodistomin B Triacetate. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5413-9. [PMID: 15989321 DOI: 10.1021/jo050373o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] N-Sulfinyl delta-amino beta-ketoester enaminones, a new sulfinimine-derived chiral building block, undergoes, on hydrolysis in one pot, an intramolecular Michael addition followed by a retro-Michael-type elimination to give enantiopure 2,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines, a structural motif found in numerous biologically active alkaloids. This new chiral building block is readily prepared by treating N-sulfinyl delta-amino beta-ketoesters with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. This new protocol was illustrated with a concise formal asymmetric synthesis of marine alkaloid pseudodistomin B triacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Davis FA, Yang B. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Substituted β-Amino Ketones from Sulfinimines (N-Sulfinyl Imines). Synthesis of the Indolizidine Alkaloid (−)-223A. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8398-407. [PMID: 15941273 DOI: 10.1021/ja051452k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the possible four stereoisomers, addition of the lithium enolate of 4-heptanone to sulfinimines resulted in only the syn- and anti-alpha-substituted beta-amino ketones. The formation of the major syn-beta-amino ketone was rationalized in terms of addition of the E-enolate to the C-N double bond of the sulfinimine via a six-member chelated chairlike transition state. The enolates of 4-heptanone were generated using LiHMDS in THF where a 1:2.5 E:Z enolate ratio was noted. In diethyl ether the E:Z ratio was 15:1 in favor of the E-enolate and explained in terms of Ireland's transition state model. Here increased steric interactions between the ethyl group and the carbonyl-LiN(TMS)(2) moiety destabilize the transition state leading to the Z-enolate in the poorly coordinating diethyl ether solvent. This new synthesis of syn-alpha-substituted-beta-amino ketones was applied to the concise enantioselective total synthesis of indolizidine (-)-223A, a 5,6,8-trisubstituted alkaloid isolated from the skin of the dendrobatide frog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Kadouri-Puchot C, Comesse S. Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis of pipecolic acid and derivatives. Amino Acids 2005; 29:101-30. [PMID: 15880267 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature relating to asymmetric syntheses of pipecolic acid derivatives from 1997 to present. This review is organized according to the position and the degree of substitution of the piperidinic cycle. In a first section, syntheses of pipecolic acid itself are described. Then, successively, syntheses of C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6 substituted pipecolic acid derivatives are reported. Finally, syntheses of unsaturated pipecolic acid derivatives are presented before the last part devoted to the polysubstituted pipecolic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kadouri-Puchot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, CNRS/UMR 7611, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 47, Paris, France.
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Short diastereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-hexahydropyrido[2,1-a]isoindole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rougnon-Glasson S, Tratrat C, Canet JL, Chalard P, Troin Y. A β,β′-ketoaminoester as a valuable tool for the asymmetric construction of substituted homopipecolic esters: application to a formal synthesis of (+)-Calvine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Royer
- Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d'Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, UMR 8638 (CNRS-Université Paris-5), 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris 06, France.
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Davis FA, Yang B. Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones from Sulfinimines (N-Sulfinylimines). Synthesis of (−)-Indolizidine 209B. Org Lett 2003; 5:5011-4. [PMID: 14682752 DOI: 10.1021/ol035981+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Sulfinyl beta-amino ketones, prepared directly from the potassium enolates of methyl ketones and enantiopure sulfinimines, are transformed in one pot to protected amino ketones, which are valuable chiral building blocks for the assembly of piperidines. The utility of this methodology is illustrated in a concise asymmetric synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 209B. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Günter M, Gais HJ. Asymmetric Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic α-Amino Acids Having a Hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyridine Skeleton via Intramolecular Pauson−Khand Reaction of 1-Sulfonimidoyl-Substituted 5-Azaoct-1-en-7-ynes. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8037-41. [PMID: 14535780 DOI: 10.1021/jo030171x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of fused bicyclic amino acids having a hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyridine skeleton and carrying besides an enone structural element a substituent at the beta-position is described. The key steps of the synthesis are a highly selective allylation of N-tert-butylsulfonyl imino ester with bis(allylsulfoximine)titanium complexes and a highly diastereoselective Pauson-Khand cycloaddition of sulfonimidoyl-substituted gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acid esters carrying a substituent at the beta-position and a propargyl group at the N-atom. The cyclization is accompanied by a reductive cleavage of the sulfoximine group of the primary cyclization product. Surprisingly, the removal of the sulfoximine group proceeds with inversion of the configuration at the S-atom and gives N-methyl-phenylsulfinamide with >/=98% ee. Deprotection of the bicyclic N-tert-butylsulfonyl-protected amino acid ester was accomplished through treatment with CF(3)SO(3)H under anhydrous conditions. The enantio- and diastereomerically pure sulfoximine-substituted gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acid esters used as starting material were obtained through a highly regio- and diastereoselective allylation of N-tert-butylsulfonyl imino ester with acyclic bis(allylsulfoximine)titanium complexes, described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Günter
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Professor-Pirlet-Strasse 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Weintraub PM, Sabol JS, Kane JM, Borcherding DR. Recent advances in the synthesis of piperidones and piperidines. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Troin Y, Lamazzi C, Carbonnel S, Calinaud P. Synthesis of 4-Substituted Indolizidin-9-one Amino Acid Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-9757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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