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Li Z, Zhang PX, Li ZZ, Zhang XL, Cao HY, Gao YN, Bian M, Chen HY, Liu ZJ. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chromeno[3,2- d]isoxazoles via Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Tandem 1,6-Addition/Double Annulations of o-Hydroxyl Propargylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:6863-6868. [PMID: 36102802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Brønsted acid catalyzed tandem process to access densely functionalized chromeno[3,2-d]isoxazoles with good to excellent yields and diastereoselectivities was disclosed. The procedure is proposed to involve a 1,6-conjugate addition/electrophilic addition/double annulations process of alkynyl o-quinone methides (o-AQMs) in situ generated from o-hydroxyl propargylic alcohols with nitrones. Mild conditions, good functional group compatibility, easy scale-up of the reaction, and further product transformation demonstrated its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Xu Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Lu Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yuan Cao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ning Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Ming Bian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Ali K, Mishra P, Kumar A, Reddy DN, Chowdhury S, Panda G. Reactivity vs. selectivity of quinone methides: synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules, toxicity and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6160-6175. [PMID: 35522910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinone methides (QMs) are considered to be highly reactive intermediates because of their aromatization both in chemical and biological systems. Being highly accessible, quinone methides (QMs) have been widely exploited and their concurrent use has been manifested for the synthesis of tertiary and quaternary carbon centers of bioactives, drugs and drug-like molecules. In this feature article, the synthetic routes, structure-reactivity relationships and synthetic applications of quinone methides are discussed. Formation of the intermediates during bioactivation of different chemical entities and possible chemical manifestations leading to their toxicity in biological systems are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Ali
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
| | - Prajjval Mishra
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Awnish Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
| | - Sushobhan Chowdhury
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
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Abstract
Novel access to oxaspiro[n,3,3]propellanes has been developed from bicyclic lactones directly prepared by a photochemical hydroxymethylation or alternatively by a three-step sequence. Thanks to the presence of additional hydroxy- and propargylic groups, a second cyclization catalyzed by silver or bismuth salts, led to the propellane structure which was finally transformed into spiranic derivatives by a Simmons-Smith reaction or condensation with α-ketoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Nassar
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Piva
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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Chapman LM, Beck JC, Lacker CR, Wu L, Reisman SE. Evolution of a Strategy for the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Psiguadial B. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6066-6085. [PMID: 29728045 PMCID: PMC5990278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Psiguadial B is a diformyl phloroglucinol meroterpenoid that exhibits antiproliferative activity against the HepG2 human hepatoma cancer cell line. This full account details the evolution of a strategy that culminated in the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-psiguadial B. A key feature of the synthesis is the construction of the trans-cyclobutane motif by a Wolff rearrangement with in situ catalytic, asymmetric trapping of the ketene. An investigation of the substrate scope of this method to prepare enantioenriched 8-aminoquinolinamides is disclosed. Three routes toward (+)-psiguadial B were evaluated that featured the following key steps: (1) an ortho-quinone methide hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition to prepare the chroman framework, (2) a Prins cyclization to form the bridging bicyclo[4.3.1]decane system, and (3) a modified Norrish-Yang cyclization to generate the chroman. Ultimately, the successful strategy employed a ring-closing metathesis to form the seven-membered ring and an intramolecular O-arylation reaction to complete the polycyclic framework of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Chapman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | | | - Linglin Wu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhongle Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Design and synthesis of novel xyloketal derivatives and their protective activities against H2O2-induced HUVEC injury. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:948-73. [PMID: 25686273 PMCID: PMC4344611 DOI: 10.3390/md13020948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of amide derivatives (1–13), benzoxazine derivatives (16–28) and amino derivatives (29–30) from xyloketal B. All 28 new derivatives and seven known compounds (14, 15, 31–35) were evaluated for their protection against H2O2-induced HUVEC injury. 23 and 24 exhibited more potential protective activities than other derivatives; and the EC50 values of them and the leading compound 31 (xyloketal B) were 5.10, 3.59 and 15.97 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, a comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) was constructed to explain the structural activity relationship of these xyloketal derivatives. This 3D QSAR model from CoMSIA suggested that the derived model exhibited good predictive ability in the external test-set validation. Derivative 24 fit well with the COMSIA map, therefore it possessed the highest activity of all compounds. Compounds 23, 24 and 31 (xyloketal B) were further to examine in the JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay of HUVECs using flow cytometry (FCM). The result indicated that 23 and 24 significantly inhibited H2O2-induced decrease of the cell mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at 25 μM. Collectively, the protective effects of xyloketals on H2O2-induced endothelial cells may be generated from oxidation action by restraining ROS and reducing the MMP.
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Willis NJ, Bray CD. An ortho-quinone methide based strategy towards the rubromycin spiroketal family. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the generation/in situhetero-Diels–Alder cycloaddition of a trisubstitutedortho-quinone methide (o-QM) is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Willis
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
- United Kingdom
| | - C. D. Bray
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen Mary University of London
- London E1 4NS
- United Kingdom
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He C, Zhu C, Wang B, Ding H. Stereoselective Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of (−)-Indoxamycins A-F. Chemistry 2014; 20:15053-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Synthesis and neuroprotective action of xyloketal derivatives in Parkinson's disease models. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5159-89. [PMID: 24351912 PMCID: PMC3877910 DOI: 10.3390/md11125159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting people over age 55. Oxidative stress actively participates in the dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration of PD. Xyloketals are a series of natural compounds from marine mangrove fungus strain No. 2508 that have been reported to protect against neurotoxicity through their antioxidant properties. However, their protection versus 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity is only modest, and appropriate structural modifications are necessary to discover better candidates for treating PD. In this work, we designed and synthesized 39 novel xyloketal derivatives (1–39) in addition to the previously reported compound, xyloketal B. The neuroprotective activities of all 40 compounds were evaluated in vivo via respiratory burst assays and longevity-extending assays. During the zebrafish respiratory burst assay, compounds 1, 9, 23, 24, 36 and 39 strongly attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at 50 μM. In the Caenorhabditis elegans longevity-extending assay, compounds 1, 8, 15, 16 and 36 significantly extended the survival rates (p < 0.005 vs. dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). A total of 15 compounds were tested for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease using the MPP+-induced C. elegans model, and compounds 1 and 8 exhibited the highest activities (p < 0.005 vs. MPP+). In the MPP+-induced C57BL/6 mouse PD model, 40 mg/kg of 1 and 8 protected against MPP+-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and increased the number of DA neurons from 53% for the MPP+ group to 78% and 74%, respectively (p < 0.001 vs. MPP+ group). Thus, these derivatives are novel candidates for the treatment of PD.
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Trinh TT, Oswald L, Chan-Seng D, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Molecularly Encoded Oligomers Using a Chemoselective “AB + CD” Iterative Approach. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:141-145. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tam Trinh
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Delphine Chan-Seng
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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12
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He C, Zhu C, Dai Z, Tseng CC, Ding H. Divergent Total Synthesis of Indoxamycins A, C, and F. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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He C, Zhu C, Dai Z, Tseng CC, Ding H. Divergent Total Synthesis of Indoxamycins A, C, and F. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13256-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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15
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Reaction of 3-(dimethylamino)-2-cyclohexen-1-ones with 2,4,6-tris(dibenzylaminomethyl)phloroglucinol. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Birkett S, Ganame D, Hawkins BC, Meiries S, Quach T, Rizzacasa MA. Total Synthesis of 8-Deshydroxyajudazol B. Org Lett 2011; 13:1964-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200331u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Birkett
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Danny Ganame
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bill C. Hawkins
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sébastien Meiries
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim Quach
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A. Rizzacasa
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Xu Z, Li Y, Lu B, Pang J, Lin Y. An Expedient Approach to the Benzopyran Core: Application to Synthesis of the Natural Products (±)-Xyloketals and (±)-Alboatrin. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Xu Z, Li Y, Xiang Q, Pei Z, Liu X, Lu B, Chen L, Wang G, Pang J, Lin Y. Design and synthesis of novel xyloketal derivatives and their vasorelaxing activities in rat thoracic aorta and angiogenic activities in zebrafish angiogenesis screen. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4642-53. [PMID: 20481602 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of xyloketal derivatives (1-21) were designed and prepared. The majority of the compounds demonstrated vasorelaxation action on 60 mM KCl-induced contractions rat isolated aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner, and the action is mediated by both endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent mechanisms. Compounds 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 19 showed higher vasorelaxation activities comparing with the lead compound 3. In addition, these derivatives had potential protective action against oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative injury and enhanced NO production in HUVECs without toxic effects. The NO release was completely inhibited by eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Furthermore, 3 significantly promoted the angiogenesis in zebrafish in a concentration-dependent manner at 0.1, 1, and 10 muM. Compounds 9, 12, 14, 16, 20, and 21 exhibited stronger angiogenic activities than 3. Therefore, xyloketal derivatives are unique compounds with multiple pharmacological properties and may have potential implications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Liu Q, Rovis T. Enantio- and diastereoselective intermolecular Stetter reaction of glyoxamide and alkylidene ketoamides. Org Lett 2009; 11:2856-9. [PMID: 19507841 DOI: 10.1021/ol901081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A triazolinylidene carbene catalyzed intermolecular Stetter reaction of glyoxamide and alkylidene ketoamides has been developed. 1,4-Dicarbonyl products are afforded in good to excellent yields, enantioselectivities, and diastereoselectivities. Further derivatization of the products affords useful intermediates for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Bräse S, Encinas A, Keck J, Nising CF. Chemistry and Biology of Mycotoxins and Related Fungal Metabolites. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3903-90. [DOI: 10.1021/cr050001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arantxa Encinas
- Institut für Organische Chemie,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Keck
- Institut für Organische Chemie,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carl F. Nising
- Institut für Organische Chemie,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Batsomboon P, Phakhodee W, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Generation of ortho-Quinone Methides by p-TsOH on Silica and Their Hetero-Diels−Alder Reactions with Styrenes. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4009-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900504y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paratchata Batsomboon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Zhong JJ, Xiao JH. Secondary metabolites from higher fungi: discovery, bioactivity, and bioproduction. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 113:79-150. [PMID: 19475376 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal higher fungi such as Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum have been used as an alternative medicine remedy to promote health and longevity for people in China and other regions of the world since ancient times. Nowadays there is an increasing public interest in the secondary metabolites of those higher fungi for discovering new drugs or lead compounds. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal higher fungi involves a multifaceted approach combining mycological, biochemical, pharmacological, metabolic, biosynthetic and molecular techniques. In recent years, many new secondary metabolites from higher fungi have been isolated and are more likely to provide lead compounds for new drug discovery, which may include chemopreventive agents possessing the bioactivity of immunomodulatory, anticancer, etc. However, numerous challenges of secondary metabolites from higher fungi are encountered including bioseparation, identification, biosynthetic metabolism, and screening model issues, etc. Commercial production of secondary metabolites from medicinal mushrooms is still limited mainly due to less information about secondary metabolism and its regulation. Strategies for enhancing secondary metabolite production by medicinal mushroom fermentation include two-stage cultivation combining liquid fermentation and static culture, two-stage dissolved oxygen control, etc. Purification of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as ganoderic acids from G. lucidum, is also very important to pharmacological study and future pharmaceutical application. This review outlines typical examples of the discovery, bioactivity, and bioproduction of secondary metabolites of higher fungi origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jiang Zhong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China,
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24
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BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM MARINE MICROORGANISMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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25
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Bulger PG, Bagal SK, Marquez R. Recent advances in biomimetic natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:254-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b705909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sugimoto H, Nakamura S, Ohwada T. Generation and Application ofo-Quinone Methides Bearing Various Substituents on the Benzene Ring. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Abstract
A series of demethyl analogues of the natural products xyloketal A, B, C, D, and G have been prepared in a notably direct manner from 3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran and a series of corresponding phenols. These syntheses featured a boron trifluoride diethyl etherate-promoted electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction as a key step. In the case of the synthesis of analogues of xyloketal A, the process was found to be highly efficient (up to 93% yield). The optimized isolated yield of these reaction products is remarkable in view of the fact that this transformation involves, minimally, six individual reactions. Moreover, these synthetic studies provide significant insight into the possible biogenic origin of the xyloketal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Pettigrew
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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30
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Zhou G, Zheng D, Da S, Xie Z, Li Y. Expeditious synthesis of the aromatic spiroketal skeleton using hetero-Diels–Alder cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The first total synthesis of the C(3)-symmetric and biologically active natural product, (-)-xyloketal A, has been accomplished in one step from phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) and (4R)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran. This remarkably direct process involved an exceedingly facile and diastereoselective boron trifluoride diethyl etherate-promoted triple electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that was coupled to three bicyclic acetal formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Pettigrew
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Rodriguez R, Adlington RM, Moses JE, Cowley A, Baldwin JE. A new and efficient method for o-quinone methide intermediate generation: application to the biomimetic synthesis of (+/-)-Alboatrin. Org Lett 2005; 6:3617-9. [PMID: 15387562 DOI: 10.1021/ol048479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new and efficient method for o-quinone methide intermediate generation from o-methyleneacetoxy-phenols has been developed and applied to the biomimetic synthesis of (+/-)-Alboatrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rodriguez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Pettigrew JD, Cadieux JA, So SSS, Wilson PD. Phenylboronic Acid Mediated Triple Condensation Reactions of Phloroglucinol and Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2005; 7:467-70. [PMID: 15673266 DOI: 10.1021/ol047578o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A remarkable phenylboronic acid mediated triple condensation reaction of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) with a series of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is reported. This experimentally simple reaction afforded novel C3-symmetric 2H-chromene derivatives. These derivatives represent structural analogues of the natural product xyloketal A, which has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Pettigrew
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Rodriguez R, Moses JE, Adlington RM, Baldwin JE. A new and efficient method for o-quinone methide intermediate generation: application to the biomimetic synthesis of the benzopyran derived natural products (±)-lucidene and (±)-alboatrin. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3488-95. [PMID: 16172685 DOI: 10.1039/b508972g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lucidene and alboatrin are complex benzopyran derived natural products. A key step in their biogenesis may involve a hetero Diels-Alder cycloaddition between an o-quinone methide intermediate with a simple, or activated tri-substituted olefin. Experimental evidence is provided to support this hypothesis, with the biomimetic synthesis of both (+/-)-lucidene and (+/-)-alboatrin successfully achieved using a new and efficient method for o-quinone methide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rodriguez
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UKOX1 3TA
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Pettigrew JD, Freeman RP, Wilson PD. Total synthesis of ()-xyloketal D and its enantiomer Confirmation of absolute stereochemistry. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of ()-xyloketal D and its enantiomer have been achieved by the reaction of an ortho-quinone methide with (4R)- and (4S)-4,5-dihydro-2,4-dimethylfuran via a diastereoselective inverse electron demand DielsAlder reaction. This total synthesis confirmed the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product. The ortho-quinone methide was generated by reaction of an appropriately functionalized Mannich base with methyl iodide. The Mannich base was prepared in one step from 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, formaldehyde, and morpholine. The enantiomeric dihydrofurans were prepared from (2R)- and (2S)-2-methylpent-4-ynoic acid via a three-step reaction sequence. These chiral nonracemic synthetic precursors were prepared from the corresponding (R)-phenylglycinol-derived diastereomeric amides of the readily available racemic carboxylic acid. The absolute stereochemistry of these carboxylic acids was firmly established by conversion to a known compound that had been previously prepared from a chiral pool starting material.Key words: xyloketal D, inverse electron demand DielsAlder reaction, ortho-quinone methide, dihydrofuran.
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