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Rajendran S, Sivalingam K, Karnam Jayarampillai RP, Wang WL, Salas CO. Friedlӓnder's synthesis of quinolines as a pivotal step in the development of bioactive heterocyclic derivatives in the current era of medicinal chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1042-1085. [PMID: 35322543 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario of medicinal chemistry, quinoline plays a pivotal role in the design of new heterocyclic compounds with several pharmacological properties, so the search for new synthetic methodologies and their application in drug discovery has been widely studied. So far, many procedures have been performed for the preparation of quinoline scaffolds, among which Friedländer quinoline synthesis plays an important role in obtaining these heterocycles. The Friedländer reaction involves condensation between 2-aminobenzaldehydes and keto-compounds. The quinoline nucleus, once obtained through the Friedländer synthesis, has been extensively modified so that these derivatives can exhibit a large number of biological activities such as anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antituberculosis, and antileishmanial properties. In this work, the focus is on the applicability of the Friedländer reaction in the synthesis of various types of bioactive heterocyclic quinoline compounds, which to date has not been reported in the context of medicinal chemistry. The main part of this review selectively focuses on research from 2010 to date and will present highlights of the Friedländer quinoline synthesis procedures and findings to address biological and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeshkumar Rajendran
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wen-Long Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Domino Nitro Reduction-Friedländer Heterocyclization for the Preparation of Quinolines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134123. [PMID: 35807369 PMCID: PMC9268355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Friedländer synthesis offers efficient access to substituted quinolines from 2-aminobenzaldehydes and activated ketones in the presence of a base. The disadvantage of this procedure lies in the fact that relatively few 2-aminobenzaldehyde derivatives are readily available. To overcome this problem, we report a modification of this process involving the in situ reduction of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes with Fe/AcOH in the presence of active methylene compounds (AMCs) to produce substituted quinolines in high yields. The conditions are mild enough to tolerate a wide range of functionality in both reacting partners and promote reactions not only with phenyl and benzyl ketones, but also with β-keto-esters, β-keto-nitriles, β-keto-sulfones and β-diketones. The reaction of 2-nitroaromatic ketones with unsymmetrical AMCs is less reliable, giving a competitive formation of substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones from the cyclization of the Z Knoevenagel intermediate which appears to be favored when certain large groups are adjacent to the AMC ketone carbonyl.
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3
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Hagen JP, Darner G, Anderson S, Higgins K, Leas DA, Mitra A, Mashinson V, Wol T, Vera-Esquivel C, Belter B, Cal M, Kaiser M, Wallick A, Warner RC, Davis PH. Activity of diphenyl ether benzyl amines against Human African Trypanosomiasis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103590. [PMID: 32179269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect-borne parasite Trypanosoma brucei plagues humans and other animals, eliciting the disease Human African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness. This disease poses the biggest threat to the people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the high toxicity and difficulties with administration of currently available drugs, a novel treatment is needed. Building on known Human African trypanosomiasis structure-activity relationship (SAR), we now describe a number of functionally simple diphenyl ether analogs which give low micromolar activity (IC50 = 0.16-0.96 μM) against T. b. rhodesiense. The best compound shows favorable selectivity against the L6 cell line (SI = 750) and even greater selectivity (SI = 1200) against four human cell lines. The data herein provides direction for the ongoing optimization of antitrypanosomal diphenyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hagen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States.
| | - Grant Darner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Samuel Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Katie Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Derek A Leas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Ananya Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Victoria Mashinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Tasloach Wol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Carlos Vera-Esquivel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Bret Belter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0109, United States
| | - Monica Cal
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Wallick
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Rosalie C Warner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
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Gandhi H, O'Sullivan TP. Preparation of γ,δ-unsaturated-β-ketoesters: Lewis acid-catalysed C H insertion of ethyl diazoacetate into α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Božinović N, Šegan S, Vojnovic S, Pavic A, Šolaja BA, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Opsenica IM. Synthesis and anti-Candidaactivity of novel benzothiepino[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:795-806. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Božinović
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sandra Šegan
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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Ikeda A, Omote M, Kusumoto K, Komori M, Tarui A, Sato K, Ando A. A dramatic enhancing effect of InBr3 towards the oxidative Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of 2-ethynylanilines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2127-33. [PMID: 26782816 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of InBr3 to the oxidative Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of 2-ethynylaniline with (E)-trimethyl(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)silane led to a dramatic increase in the reactivity to afford the corresponding 1,3-enynes bearing a trifluoromethyl group on their terminal sp(2) carbon. The subsequent cyclization of these 1,3-enynes under palladium catalysis provides access to the corresponding indoles bearing a 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl group at their 2-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - M Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - K Kusumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - M Komori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - A Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - K Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - A Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S. Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, United States
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Application of nano SnO2 as a green and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl or alkylbenzoxazole derivatives under ambient temperature. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis ofN-Alkyl- andN-Arylimides Using the Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid Choline Chloride·2ZnCl2. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Abbiati G, Marinelli F, Rossi E, Arcadi A. Synthesis of Indole Derivatives from 2-Alkynylanilines by Means of Gold Catalysis. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Wang C, Sperry J. Total syntheses of the dipyrrolobenzoquinone (+)-terreusinone enabled by an evaluation of 4-methylpent-1-yn-3-ols in the Larock indole synthesis. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Smith GR, Caglič D, Capek P, Zhang Y, Godbole S, Reitz AB, Dickerson TJ. Reexamining hydroxamate inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A: extending towards the β-exosite. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3754-7. [PMID: 22542019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic proteins known to man, exposure to which results in flaccid paralysis. Given their extreme potency, these proteins have become studied as possible weapons of bioterrorism; however, effective treatments that function after intoxication have not progressed to the clinic. Here, we have reexamined one of the most effective inhibitors, 2,4-dichlorocinnamyl hydroxamate, in the context of the known plasticity of the BoNT/A light chain metalloprotease. Our studies have shown that modifications of this compound are tolerated and result in improved inhibitors, with the best compound having an IC(50) of 0.23 μM. Given the inconsistency of structure-activity relationship trends observed across similar compounds, this data argues for caution in extrapolating across structural series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry R Smith
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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13
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Wong WL, Wong KY. Recent development in functionalized ionic liquids as reaction media and promoters. CAN J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent development in the use of functionalized ionic liquids as both reaction media and promoters is reviewed. Ionic liquids designed with special functionality can enhance the reaction rate, selectivity, and productivity in various chemical reactions. In this context, some important chemical reactions involving C–C, C–O, C–N, and C–S bond formation in functionalized ionic liquids are discussed. These functionalized ionic liquids were found to provide distinct advantages over conventional organic solvents in these catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Leung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and The State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and The State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Wang C, Sperry J. Total Synthesis of the Photoprotecting Dipyrrolobenzoquinone (+)-Terreusinone. Org Lett 2011; 13:6444-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2027398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christy Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Yue C, Fang D, Liu L, Yi TF. Synthesis and application of task-specific ionic liquids used as catalysts and/or solvents in organic unit reactions. J Mol Liq 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Phenylboronic acid catalyzed-cyanide promoted, one-pot synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Genovese S, Epifano F, Marcotullio MC, Pelucchini C, Curini M. An alternative quinoline synthesis by via Friedländer reaction catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Cacchi S, Fabrizi G, Goggiamani A. Copper catalysis in the construction of indole and benzo[b]furan rings. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:641-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Shiri M, Zolfigol MA, Kruger HG, Tanbakouchian Z. Friedländer Annulation in the Synthesis of Azaheterocyclic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385464-3.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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An efficient potassium cyanide-promoted synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles from [4.3.0]boron heterobicycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Sueki S, Okamoto C, Shimizu I, Seto K, Furukawa Y. One-Pot Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of 2-Arylquinolines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Li B, Pai R, Cardinale SC, Butler MM, Peet NP, Moir DT, Bavari S, Bowlin TL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of botulinum neurotoxin a protease inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2264-76. [PMID: 20155918 DOI: 10.1021/jm901852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NSC 240898 was previously identified as a botulinum neurotoxin A light chain (BoNT/A LC) endopeptidase inhibitor by screening the National Cancer Institute Open Repository diversity set. Two types of analogues have been synthesized and shown to inhibit BoNT/A LC in a FRET-based enzyme assay, with confirmation in an HPLC-based assay. These two series of compounds have also been evaluated for inhibition of anthrax lethal factor (LF), an unrelated metalloprotease, to examine enzyme specificity of the BoNT/A LC inhibition. The most potent inhibitor against BoNT/A LC in these two series is compound 12 (IC(50) = 2.5 microM, FRET assay), which is 4.4-fold more potent than the lead structure and 11.2-fold more selective for BoNT/A LC versus the anthrax LF metalloproteinase. Structure-activity relationship studies have revealed structural features important to potency and enzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Microbiotix Inc, One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
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Sridharan V, Ribelles P, Ramos MT, Menéndez JC. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate is an excellent, general catalyst for the Friedländer and Friedländer-Borsche quinoline syntheses: very efficient access to the antitumor alkaloid luotonin A. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5715-8. [PMID: 19534479 DOI: 10.1021/jo900965f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as a catalyst of the Friedländer reaction allows the synthesis of polysubstituted quinoline derivatives in excellent yields, avoiding the traditional harshly basic or acidic conditions. Unlike most other previously known reagents, CAN allows double condensations and is also an excellent catalyst for the Borsche variation of the Friedländer reaction, which has been applied to the very efficient synthesis of the antitumor alkaloid luotonin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Gabriele B, Mancuso R, Lupinacci E, Spina R, Salerno G, Veltri L, Dibenedetto A. Recyclable catalytic synthesis of substituted quinolines: copper-catalyzed heterocyclization of 1-(2-aminoaryl)-2-yn-1-ols in ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Marco-Contelles J, Pérez-Mayoral E, Samadi A, Carreiras MDC, Soriano E. Recent Advances in the Friedländer Reaction. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2652-71. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Pérez-Mayoral
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María do Carmo Carreiras
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Soriano
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain, and iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Forcas Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
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Pharmacophore-guided lead optimization: the rational design of a non-zinc coordinating, sub-micromolar inhibitor of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype a metalloprotease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5811-3. [PMID: 19703771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins, responsible for the neuroparalytic syndrome botulism, are the deadliest of known biological toxins. The work described in this study was based on a three-zone pharmacophore model for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain inhibition. Specifically, the pharmacophore defined a separation between the overlaps of several different, non-zinc(II)-coordinating small molecule chemotypes, enabling the design and synthesis of a new structural hybrid possessing a Ki=600 nM (+/-100 nM).
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