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Zhang ZJ, Jiang S, Zhao QS. The Chemistry and Biology of Lycopodium Alkaloids. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400954. [PMID: 38844419 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Lycopodiales, an order comprising 388 distinct species, is the source of Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs), a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that share a common biosynthesis and structural attributes. These remarkable organisms are considered vestiges of ancient ferns, with fossil evidence dating their existence back to an impressive 300 million years. LAs usually are tricyclic or tetracyclic compounds with C16N or C16N2 skeleton. But then there are also have a few C11N, C15N, C15N2, C22N2, and C27N3 skeleton. LAs have attracted much scientific attention because of their important biological activities related to acetylcholinesterase and unique structural characteristics. From 1881 to December 2023, there are 593 LAs from 49 species of Lycopodiales have been reported. Because the total amount of LAs is nearly five times that of 1994, the classification and group allocation of some newly isolated LAs is often challenging and not unambiguous by Ayer's simple classification. This review makes a more systematic and detailed classification for it and provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring LAs discovered from 1881 to December 2023. Until now, there is no comprehensively summary of biological activity of the LAs. This review is the first time covered the biological activity of the all LAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
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Yang JS, Lu K, Li CX, Zhao ZH, Zhang FM, Zhang XM, Tu YQ. NiH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkylation for the Synthesis of β- or γ-Branched Chiral Aromatic N-Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22122-22134. [PMID: 37749771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A nickel hydride-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction was developed to give access to a library of chiral β- or γ-branched aromatic N-heterocycles. This intriguing asymmetric transformation features excellent selectivities, step- and atom-economies, and generating two kinds of chiral products through one synthetic strategy. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism was extensively investigated using numerous control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zu-Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Minhang, China
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Bosch C, Bradshaw B, Bonjoch J. Decahydroquinoline Ring 13C NMR Spectroscopic Patterns for the Stereochemical Elucidation of Phlegmarine-Type Lycopodium Alkaloids: Synthesis of (-)-Serralongamine A and Structural Reassignment and Synthesis of (-)-Huperzine K and (-)-Huperzine M (Lycoposerramine Y). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1576-1586. [PMID: 31181922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of 13C NMR spectroscopic data of the phlegmarine subset of Lycopodium alkaloids revealed spectral patterns that allowed the stereochemical arrangement of the four stereogenic carbons in the decahydroquinoline core to be established. A relatively simple predictive set of chemical shift combinations is reported, providing a tool for the challenging stereochemical assignment of phlegmarine-type alkaloids. Based on the chemical shifts in their NMR spectroscopic profiles, the alkaloids huperzine K and huperzine M, formally reported as cis derivatives, were structurally reassigned as trans-decahydroquinolines. The NMR spectroscopic data for huperzine M were identical to those reported for lycoposerramine Y and, hence, also implied the configurational reassignment of the latter. The revised structures of the above alkaloids were confirmed by enantioselective total synthesis. Additionally, the synthesis of (-)-serralongamine A via a common intermediate precursor is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bosch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
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Ishiuchi K, Hirose D, Suzuki T, Nakayama W, Jiang WP, Monthakantirat O, Wu JB, Kitanaka S, Makino T. Identification of Lycopodium Alkaloids Produced by an Ultraviolet-Irradiated Strain of Paraboeremia, an Endophytic Fungus from Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1143-1147. [PMID: 29676580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
12- epi-Lycopodine (1), a Lycopodium alkaloid, along with lycopodine (2) and huperzine A (3), were discovered in the mycelium of Paraboeremia sp. Lsl3KI076, a UV-irradiated strain of Paraboeremia sp. Lsl3, an endophytic fungus from Lycopodium serratum Thunb. var. longipetiolatum Spring. Additionally, a trace of 1 was isolated from Phlegmariurus nummulariifolius (Blume) Ching, and the structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. This is the first report proving that a new naturally occurring Lycopodium alkaloid can be obtained from an endophytic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , 7-7-1, Narashinodai , Funabashi , 274-8555 , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
| | - Waka Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R. , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002 , Thailand
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R. , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , 7-7-1, Narashinodai , Funabashi , 274-8555 , Chiba , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1, Tanabe-Dori , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Aichi , Japan
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Ishiuchi K, Nakayama W, Monthakantirat O, Fujikawa K, Watthana S, Kitanaka S. Phlenumdines A−C, New Lycopodium Alkaloids Isolated from Phlegmariurus nummulariifolius. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ishiuchi K, Jiang WP, Fujiwara Y, Wu JB, Kitanaka S. Serralongamines B-D, three new Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum, and their inhibitory effects on foam cell formation in macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2636-40. [PMID: 27086123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, serralongamines B-D (1-3), have been isolated from the club moss Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum, and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical transformation. 1 and 3 significantly exhibited the inhibitory activity against foam cell formation in human macrophages, one of characteristic features of early atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya-City University, 3-1, Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan.
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Saborit GV, Bosch C, Parella T, Bradshaw B, Bonjoch J. Synthesis of (±)-Serralongamine A and the Revised Structure of Huperzine N. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2629-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela V. Saborit
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Bosch
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei
de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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