1
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Heckershoff R, Schnitzer T, Diederich T, Eberle L, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Efficient Synthesis of Dipyrrolobenzenes and Dipyrrolopyrazines via Bidirectional Gold Catalysis: a Combined Synthetic and Photophysical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8306-8316. [PMID: 35471963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New N-heterocyclic fluorophores are sought-after compounds for organic electronic devices. Here, we report on a straightforward synthesis to access meta/para-dipyrrolobenzenes and para-dipyrrolopyrazines in high yields using a bidirectional gold-catalyzed cyclization strategy. The versatility of our reaction protocol was showcased by preparing dipyrroloarenes with different substituents, various functional groups, and in a multitude of substitution patterns. Furthermore, we showed that the dipyrroloarenes can be post-modified by N-alkylation to improve the solubility or bromination to yield precursors for further derivatization via cross-coupling. Investigation of the photophysical properties of the─mostly unprecedented─dipyrroloarenes identified strong blue emitters such as the diphenyl meta-dipyrrolobenzene with a quantum yield of 98%. Moreover, we showed that changes in the solvent polarity or interactions with Lewis acids such as borane can be used to fine-tune the photophysical properties of the fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Diederich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang S, Zheng Z, Zhang T, Fu X, Shi S, Jiang L, Yin H. Acid-catalyzed Dimerization Reaction of Pyrroles to Synthesize Hexaaryl-4,8-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-f]indoles. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Shang R, Zhou Z, Nishioka H, Halim H, Furukawa S, Takei I, Ninomiya N, Nakamura E. Disodium Benzodipyrrole Sulfonate as Neutral Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5018-5022. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Zhongmin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Henry Halim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Izuru Takei
- Electronics Materials and New Energy, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama R&D Center 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Naoya Ninomiya
- Electronics Materials and New Energy, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama R&D Center 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Tsuji H, Nakamura E. Design and Functions of Semiconducting Fused Polycyclic Furans for Optoelectronic Applications. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:396-406. [PMID: 28165719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fused polycyclic furan structure is a ubiquitous motif in naturally occurring organic compounds. However, they had been rarely seen in the literature of organic electronic research until very recently, probably because of the lack of stability of simple furans under conditions that the compounds experience in the active layer of the device. Nonetheless, from the viewpoint of molecular structure, furans look to have potential merits as organic semiconductors such as thiophenes, which are more popular in the organic electronic area. For example, the small atomic radius and large electronegativity of oxygen will increase intermolecular molecular orbital (MO) overlap and hence facilitate charge transporting ability in the solid state. In this Account, we describe the molecular design and optoelectronic applications of fused polycyclic furans, such as benzodifurans (BDFs), naphthodifurans (NDFs), and anthradifurans (ADFs). The molecular design that was exploited in this study crucially depends on the synthetic flexibility of a "modular" synthetic strategy that we purposely developed and reviewed in a separate report. Our synthetic strategy comprises two steps carried out in situ: cyclization of an o-alkynylphenol into a zincio benzofuran and its electrophilic Negishi-type trapping to obtain a range of multisubstituted fused furan compounds. These compounds are found to possess electronic structures resembling those of fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons, such as acenes or phenacenes, rather than oxygen-bridged phenylenevinylene, along with unique characteristics: a wide HOMO-LUMO gap originating from the weak aromaticity of the furan rings, an intense photoluminescent character, and mechanofluorochromism. Semiconducting properties of fused furans are also excellent among organic materials: some BDF derivatives show high hole mobility on the order of 10-3 cm2/(V s) in the amorphous state using time-of-flight (TOF) technique. The p-type BDFs exhibit high performance as hole-transporting material in heterojunction organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), while carbazole-substituted BDFs (CZBDFs) are ambipolar with well-balanced high carrier mobility for both hole and electron and serve as host materials for full-color electroluminescence in both hetero- and homojunction architectures. More π-expanded NDFs showed good crystallinity and are effective active materials for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a high hole mobility of up to 3.6 cm2/(V s) using a solution process. These studies have illustrated the high potential of fused polycyclic furans in organic electronics research, which thus far have attracted much less attention than their thiophene congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Ilies L, Isomura M, Yamauchi SI, Nakamura T, Nakamura E. Indole Synthesis via Cyclative Formation of 2,3-Dizincioindoles and Regioselective Electrophilic Trapping. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:23-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurean Ilies
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Technology Innovation Chair, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayuko Isomura
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Technology Innovation Chair, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Technology Innovation Chair, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Technology Innovation Chair, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and
Molecular Technology Innovation Chair, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Nakamura T, Furukawa S, Nakamura E. Benzodipyrrole-based Donor-Acceptor-type Boron Complexes as Tunable Near-infrared-Absorbing Materials. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2016-20. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama-city Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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Mitsui C, Soeda J, Miwa K, Shoyama K, Ota Y, Tsuji H, Takeya J, Nakamura E. Single-Crystal Organic Field-Effect Transistors of Naphthodifurans. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiko Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
- Department of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | | | | | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Ota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- ISIR, Osaka University
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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