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Rouh H, Tang Y, Xu T, Yuan Q, Zhang S, Wang JY, Jin S, Wang Y, Pan J, Wood HL, McDonald JD, Li G. Aggregation-Induced Synthesis (AIS): Asymmetric Synthesis via Chiral Aggregates. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9865108. [PMID: 36061818 PMCID: PMC9394053 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9865108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new chiral aggregate-based tool for asymmetric synthesis has been developed by taking advantage of chiral aggregates of GAP (Group-Assisted Purification) reagents, N-phosphonyl imines. This tool was proven to be successful in the asymmetric GAP synthesis of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans by reacting salicyl N-phosphonyl imines with dialkyl bromomalonates in various cosolvent systems. The chiral induction can be controlled by differentiating between two asymmetric directions simply by changing the ratios of cosolvents which are commonly adopted in AIE (aggregation-induced emission) systems. The formation of chiral aggregates was witnessed by a new analytical tool—aggregation-induced polarization (AIP). The present synthetic method will be broadly extended for general organic synthesis, particularly, for asymmetric synthesis and asymmetric catalysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rouh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qingkai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shengzhou Jin
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junyi Pan
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hannah L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - James D. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Sharma A, Kumar A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Liquid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (LPPS): A Third Wave for the Preparation of Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13516-13546. [PMID: 35816287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the last century, peptides have gained wide acceptance as drugs, with almost 100 already in the market and a large number in the pipeline. In this context, peptide synthesis has grown massively as a stringent field for pharmaceuticals around the globe. Three methodologies, namely, classical solution peptide synthesis (CSPS), solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), and liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), have made significant contributions to the field. This review provides a comprehensive and integrated vision of LPPS as the third wave for peptide synthesis. LPPS combines the advantages of CSPS and SPPS, where peptide elongation is carried out in solution and the growing peptide chain is supported on a soluble tag, which confers characteristic properties. LPPS protocols allow the large-scale production of peptides and reduce the use of excess reagents and solvents, thus meeting the principles of green chemistry. In this review, tags associated with LPPS are broadly discussed under the following headings: polydisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG), membrane-enhanced peptide synthesis (MEPS), fluorous technology, ionic liquids (ILs), PolyCarbon, hydrophobic polymers, and group-assisted purification (GAP). It also highlights the signature accomplishments of LPPS tags and the limitations of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, Prayoga Institute of Education Research (PIER), Bangalore 560082, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.,KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.,Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., No 49 Canara Bank Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Phase I Bommasandra, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.,Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Seifert CW, Paniagua A, White GA, Cai L, Li G. GAP Peptide Synthesis via Design of New GAP Protecting Group: An Fmoc/tBu Synthesis of Thymopentin Free from Polymers, Chromatography and Recrystallization. European J Org Chem 2016; 2016:1714-1719. [PMID: 28663711 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for Fmoc/tBu solution-phase peptide synthesis and the development of a new benzyl-type GAP protecting group is reported. This new GAP protecting group is utilized in place of a polymer support, facilitating C→N Fmoc peptide synthesis without chromatography, recrystallization, or polymer supports. The GAP group can be added and removed in high yield, and was used to synthesize over 1 gram of the immunostimulant, thymopentin, in high overall yield (83%) and purity (99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole W Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Circle and Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Armando Paniagua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Circle and Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Gabrielle A White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Circle and Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Lucy Cai
- Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Circle and Boston, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.,Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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4
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An G, Seifert C, Li G. N-Phosphonyl/phosphinyl imines and group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry/technology. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1600-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry, which can provide various chiral amines and other functionalities without the use of column chromatography or recrystallization; products are consistently obtained with excellent stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui An
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
| | - Cole Seifert
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
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