1
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Tokushige K, Abe T. Formal One Carbon Deletion of Indoline Hemiaminals under Tautomeric Control to Access 2-Aminobenzyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10349-10354. [PMID: 38949244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Unprecedented tert-BuOK-mediated one carbon deletion of indoline hemiaminals has been achieved. This novel protocol provides an efficient synthetic tool for the construction of 2-aminobenzyl compounds with high chemoselectivity. In addition, functionalized 2-aminobenzyl compounds are difficult to make, for which few limited means of access currently exist. The key to success is the use of in situ generated Heyns rearrangement products (α-amino carbonyl compounds) as precursors for formal one carbon deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tokushige
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
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2
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Yamashiro T, Abe T. Switchable synthesis of 3-aminoindolines and 2'-aminoarylacetic acids using Grignard reagents and 3-azido-2-hydroxyindolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6615-6618. [PMID: 38847113 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The switchable synthesis of 3-aminoindolines and 2'-aminoaryl acetic acids from the same substrates, 3-azido-2-hydroxyindolines, was developed through denitrogenative electrophilic amination of Grignard reagents. The key to success is the serendipitous discovery that the reaction conditions, including solvents and reaction temperature, can affect the chemoselectivity. It is noteworthy that isotope-labeling experiments revealed the occurrence of the aziridine intermediate in the production of 2'-aminoaryl acetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
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3
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Chouhan R, Bhattacharyya H, Das SK. Diastereocontrolled Construction of Spiroindolenines via Hexafluoroisopropanol-Promoted Dearomative Epoxide-Indole Cyclization. Org Lett 2024; 26:1088-1093. [PMID: 38271293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the discovery of the ipso-selective, dearomatizing spirocyclization of indole-tethered epoxides as a fundamentally new approach for constructing spiroindolenines equipped with three contiguous stereogenic centers under complete diastereocontrol (dr >99:1) and in high yields. Promoted by hexafluoroisopropanol, the protocol features a broad substrate scope, easy scale-up, and versatile transformations of the synthesized spiroindolenines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Chouhan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Hemanga Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028, India
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4
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Aluminum-Catalyzed Cross Selective C3–N1′ Coupling Reactions of N-Methoxyindoles with Indoles. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C3–N1′ bond formation of bisindoles has been a great challenge due to the intrinsic reactivity of indoles as both C3 and N1-nucleophilic character. Herein, we demonstrate an C3–N1′ cross-coupling reaction of indoles using N-methoxyindoles as N-electrophilic indole reagents in the presence of Lewis acid. The bisindoles generated in this transformation are latent C3-nucleophile, allowing them to be used as strategic intermediates in sequential C3–N1′–C3′–N1″ triindole formations. The potential synthetic usefulness of this sequential transformation was highlighted upon application to the construction of C3–N1 looped polyindoles.
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5
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Abstract
An efficient synthetic route to iheyamine A and its analogues was discovered; the crucial one-pot transformation included a C-C migration to form the characteristic seven-membered ring. Subsequent addition of acetone to iheyamine A initiated a cascade process to complete the total synthesis of iheyamine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ya Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
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6
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Abstract
Herein, we report the first asymmetric total synthesis of iheyamine B from 2,2'-bisindoloazepinone using the stereoselective construction of the trans-vicinal 2-oxopropyl moiety in the azepine scaffold. The asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation provided the α-allylated 2,2'-bisindoloazepinone intermediate. The subsequent conversion of the lactam moiety into another allyl group in a trans-selective manner followed by Wacker oxidation of each allyl unit to the corresponding 2-oxopropyl group completed the total synthesis of iheyamine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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7
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Abe T, Yamashiro T, Shimizu K, Sawada D. Indole Editing Enabled by HFIP-Mediated Ring-Switch Reactions of 3-Amino-2-Hydroxyindolines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201113. [PMID: 35438809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the novel reactivity of hemiaminal as a precursor for indole editing at the multi-site. The HFIP-promoted indole editing of indoline hemiaminals affords 2-arylindoles through a ring-switch sequence. The key to success of this transformation is to use a cyclic hemiaminal as an α-amino aldehyde surrogate under transient tautomeric control. This transformation features mild reaction conditions and good yields with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this transformation is presented through the one-pot protocol and the synthesis of isocryptolepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Kaho Shimizu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
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8
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Wei W, Xiang D, Liu S. Direct, four-step synthetic pathway to iheyamine A and several analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3803-3810. [PMID: 35446332 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route toward the pentacyclic azepinobisindole alkaloid iheyamine A and its several analogues has been developed in four steps from commercially available isatins and tryptamines. This crucial transformation involves the Bischler-Napieralski cyclization to deliver the characteristic seven-membered framework. Then the ester intermediate undergoes a hydrolyzation-decarboxylation-dehydrogenation cascade to yield the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Dinglei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
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9
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"Green Is the Color": An Update on Ecofriendly Aspects of Organoselenium Chemistry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051597. [PMID: 35268698 PMCID: PMC8911681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds have been successfully applied in biological, medicinal and material sciences, as well as a powerful tool for modern organic synthesis, attracting the attention of the scientific community. This great success is mainly due to the breaking of paradigm demonstrated by innumerous works, that the selenium compounds were toxic and would have a potential impact on the environment. In this update review, we highlight the relevance of these compounds in several fields of research as well as the possibility to synthesize them through more environmentally sustainable methodologies, involving catalytic processes, flow chemistry, electrosynthesis, as well as by the use of alternative energy sources, including mechanochemical, photochemistry, sonochemical and microwave irradiation.
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Yamashiro T, Abe T, Sawada D. Synthesis of 2-monosubstituted indolin-3-ones by cine-substitution of 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the formal cine-substitution/hydrolysis of 3-azidoindole intermediates generated from 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines (AZINs). This protocol enables the introduction of both various carboxylic acid and alcohol into indolin-3-ones at the C2-position,...
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11
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Yamashiro T, Abe T, Tanioka M, Kamino S, Sawada D. cis-3-Azido-2-methoxyindolines as safe and stable precursors to overcome the instability of fleeting 3-azidoindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13381-13384. [PMID: 34821884 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Use of 3-azidoindoles in organic synthesis remains a difficult task owing to their instabilities. Herein, we report a general and concise approach for tackling this problem by using 3-azidoindole surrogates. The surrogates are bench-stable, presumably due to the observed intramolecular O-Nβ bonding. The resultant fleeting intermediates undergo capturing in situ to afford 3-substitued indoles through formal ipso-substitution of the azide group by nucleophiles. In these investigations, we found that the fleeting 3-azidoindoles show a C3-electrophilic character for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Masaru Tanioka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648650, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kamino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648650, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
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12
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Abe T, Noda K, Sawada D. Synthesis of α-substituted indolylacetamide using acetonitriles as acetamide enolate equivalents through O-transfer reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7493-7496. [PMID: 34212954 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce readily available ammonium hemiaminals as O-transfer reagents and commercially available acetonitriles as a primary amide enolate precursor. The combination serves as an amide enolate equivalent, thereby providing one-pot access to α-substituted indolylacetamides. A broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance as well as gram-scale synthesis make this protocol highly attractive. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the cyano group is trapped by a hydroxy group of hemiaminals en route to the desired primary amides under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Kenta Noda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
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13
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Abe T, Hirao S. Rapid access to indole-fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octanones by merging the umpolung strategy and molecular iodine as a green catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4193-4197. [PMID: 32458925 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of indole-fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octanones from DiMeOIN and 2-cyclohexen-1-one is accomplished under an iodine catalyst. The simple and metal-free conditions provide a practical tool to construct Csp3-rich complex molecules via coupling cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan.
| | - Seiya Hirao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan.
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14
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Jeon J, Kim HJ, Cheon CH. Total Synthesis of Iheyamine A via the Cyanide-Catalyzed Imino-Stetter Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8149-8156. [PMID: 32441099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of iheyamine A from readily available ethyl 2-aminocinnamate and 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxaldehyde is described. The cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction of an aldimine derived from ethyl 2-aminocinnamate and 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxaldehyde provided the desired unsymmetrical 2,2'-bisindole-3-acetic acid derivative. The subsequent introduction of an amino group at the C-3' position, followed by the formation of the azepine ring, completed the total synthesis of iheyamine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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17
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Abe T, Hirao S, Yamashiro T. A metal-, oxidant-, and fluorous solvent-free synthesis of α-indolylketones enabled by an umpolung strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10183-10186. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the first transition metal-, oxidant-, and fluorous solvent-free α-indolization of ketones using ammonium salts and enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Japan
| | - Seiya Hirao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamashiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Japan
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18
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Abe T, Hirao S, Kitamori M, Itoh T, Chiba Y. A Mild Bischler–Napieralski-Type Cyclization of Trichloromethyl Carbamates for the Synthesis of β-Carbolinones. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Hirao S, Yamashiro T, Kohira K, Mishima N, Abe T. 2,3-Dimethoxyindolines: a latent electrophile for SNAr reactions triggered by indium catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5139-5142. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented utilization of 2,3-dimethoxyindolines (DiMeOINs) as a latent electrophile in regioselective In-catalyzed aromatic substitutions has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hirao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Hokkaido 0610293
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamashiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Hokkaido 0610293
- Japan
| | - Kyouka Kohira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Hokkaido 0610293
- Japan
| | - Naoki Mishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Hokkaido 0610293
- Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-tobetsu
- Hokkaido 0610293
- Japan
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Abe T, Aoyama S, Ohmura M, Taniguchi M, Yamada K. Revisiting Furodiindolines: One-Pot Synthesis of Furodiindolines Using Indole 2,3-Epoxide Surrogates and Their Synthetic Applications. Org Lett 2019; 21:3367-3371. [PMID: 30997809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Furodiindolines have emerged as versatile intermediates in various transformations, which are easily obtained from indole 2,3-epoxide surrogates via a one-pot procedure and allowed access to heterocyclic compounds with structural diversity and complexity. Four types of transformations from the furodiindolines have been achieved: (i) dehydrative rearrangement to afford 2,3'-biindoles, (ii) hydrolysis/cyclization to give 3,4-disubstituted quinolines, (iii) ring-opening/cyclization to give pyrroloindolines, and (iv) aminal cleavage to give a 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Sakura Aoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Masami Ohmura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Masato Taniguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293 , Japan
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Abe T, Kosaka Y, Asano M, Harasawa N, Mishina A, Nagasue M, Sugimoto Y, Katakawa K, Sueki S, Anada M, Yamada K. Direct C4-Benzylation of Indoles via Tandem Benzyl Claisen/Cope Rearrangements. Org Lett 2019; 21:826-829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yuta Kosaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Miku Asano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Natsuki Harasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Akane Mishina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Misato Nagasue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yuri Sugimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Katakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi 202-8585, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sueki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi 202-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Anada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi 202-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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