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Arshad N, Jawaid S, Hashim J, Ullah I, Gul S, Aziz A, Wadood A, Khan A. Highly potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of 3,5-disubstituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine thiones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 79:129068. [PMID: 36395994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four series of tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones (series A and B including two novel enantiopure isomers), tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-6-thiones (series C) and N-3 ester derivatives of tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-6-thiones (series D) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-oxidant activities. These THTT analogues specially series D were first time examined for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, in vivo analgesic and anti-oxidant activities. Among them lipophilic compounds (series B and D) were found to be highly active for anti-inflammatory evaluation with IC50 values between 5.1-16.9 and 4.1-32.4 μM, respectively when compared with the standard drug ibuprofen IC50 = 11.2 μM. The structure-activity relationship exposed the importance of lipophilic substituents especially ester and n-propyl group for inhibition of inflammation. The molecular docking studies demonstrated that all the active analogues of THTT have notable binding relations with Arg120 of the active sites of COX-1 enzyme either through CS moiety of the THTT nucleus or with COO attached at N-3 of THTT nucleus. In vivo analgesic activity of the selected THTT compounds 14, 17, 18, 19 (series B) and 28 (series D) were also carried out by acetic acid-induced writhing procedure. The compound 28 showed significant anti-nociceptive/analgesic activity at the oral dose of 5 mg/kg body weight with the percent protection (32.05 %) when compared with standard indomethacin at 10 mg/kg (48.83 %). Additionally, these compounds demonstrated the moderate level of antioxidant potential with IC50 values in the range of 60.9 to 93.6 μM (standard butylated hyroxyanisole; IC50 = 44.2 μM). These results indicated that this class of heterocyclic compounds may be a template specially to design better anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Shumaila Jawaid
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan.
| | - Irfan Ullah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Somia Gul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Aziz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Alamzeb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT-06511, United States
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