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Kurjahn M, Deka A, Girot A, Abbaspour L, Klumpp S, Lorenz M, Bäumchen O, Karpitschka S. Quantifying gliding forces of filamentous cyanobacteria by self-buckling. eLife 2024; 12:RP87450. [PMID: 38864737 PMCID: PMC11178357 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Filamentous cyanobacteria are one of the oldest and today still most abundant lifeforms on earth, with manifold implications in ecology and economics. Their flexible filaments, often several hundred cells long, exhibit gliding motility in contact with solid surfaces. The underlying force generating mechanism is not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate that propulsion forces and friction coefficients are strongly coupled in the gliding motility of filamentous cyanobacteria. We directly measure their bending moduli using micropipette force sensors, and quantify propulsion and friction forces by analyzing their self-buckling behavior, complemented with analytical theory and simulations. The results indicate that slime extrusion unlikely generates the gliding forces, but support adhesion-based hypotheses, similar to the better-studied single-celled myxobacteria. The critical self-buckling lengths align well with the peaks of natural length distributions, indicating the importance of self-buckling for the organization of their collective in natural and artificial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kurjahn
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS)GöttingenGermany
| | - Antaran Deka
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS)GöttingenGermany
| | - Antoine Girot
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS)GöttingenGermany
- Experimental Physics V, University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Leila Abbaspour
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Maike Lorenz
- Department of Experimental Phycology and SAG Culture Collection of Algae Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Science, University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Oliver Bäumchen
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS)GöttingenGermany
- Experimental Physics V, University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Stefan Karpitschka
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS)GöttingenGermany
- Fachbereich Physik, University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
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Salari A, Appak-Baskoy S, Ezzo M, Hinz B, Kolios MC, Tsai SSH. Dancing with the Cells: Acoustic Microflows Generated by Oscillating Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903788. [PMID: 31829522 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a sound or ultrasound wave with an elastic object, such as a microbubble, can give rise to a steady-state microstreaming flow in its surrounding liquid. Many microfluidic strategies for cell and particle manipulation, and analyte mixing, are based on this type of flow. In addition, there are reports that acoustic streaming can be generated in biological systems, for instance, in a mammalian inner ear. Here, new observations are reported that individual cells are able to induce microstreaming flow, when they are excited by controlled acoustic waves in vitro. Single adherent cells are exposed to an acoustic field inside a microfluidic device. The cell-induced microstreaming is then investigated by monitoring flow tracers around the cell, while the structure and extracellular environment of the cell are altered using different chemicals. The observations suggest that the maximum streaming flow induced by an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell can reach velocities on the order of mm s-1 , and this maximum velocity is primarily governed by the overall cell stiffness. Therefore, such cell-induced microstreaming measurements, including flow pattern and velocity magnitude, may be used as label-free proxies of cellular mechanical properties, such as stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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