Composition, properties, stability and thermal behavior of tamarind (

Characterization of Lipid Extracts from Different Colors of Peach Palm Fruits-Red, Yellow, Green, and White-Obtained through Ultrasound-Assisted Green Extraction

This study represents a pioneering investigation and comparative analysis of lipid extracts from four different colors of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunt) fruits-red, yellow, green, and white-by employing a green method based on ethanolic ultrasound-assisted extraction. This study examined the extraction yield, physico-chemical-quality attributes, chromatographic profiles (GC), color measurements, total carotenoid content, differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained lipid extracts displayed a high quality, considering the physico-chemical parameters of the Codex Alimentarius, and a fatty acids profile characterized by unsaturated fatty acids, notably omegas (ω-3, ω-6, and ω-9). The indices of atherogenicity (A.I.), thrombogenicity (I.T.), and hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic ratios revealed superior outcomes for the red peach palm lipid extract (approximately 0.35, 0.52, and 2.75, respectively), along with higher levels of β-carotene (748.36 µg of β-carotene per 100 g-1 of lipid extract) compared to the yellow, green, and white counterparts. Consequently, this research successfully demonstrates the efficacy of using a green extraction method in preserving the lipid's quality, which can display cardiovascular functionality and thermal stability. These findings underscore the considerable potential of peach palm lipid extract as a valuable raw material for diverse industrial applications across various sectors. The results support its utilization in the production of functional food products and nutraceuticals due to its favorable fatty acid composition, potent antioxidant properties exhibited by its high β-carotene content, and notable cardiovascular functionality indices.

Composition and Characterization of Cold Pressed Moringa oleifera Seed Oil

The present study aims to investigate the volatile compound and the triacylglycerol profiles of Tunisian cold pressed Moringa oleifera seed oil (MoSO) and to assess its thermal properties and its biological activities. GC-MS analysis identified thirty six phyto-compounds amounting to 98.99% of the total oil. These compounds were classified into eleven groups among which the fatty acid one exhibited the highest intensity (91.63%). Cis, 6-octadecenoic acid was the most abundant compound (70.68%). The triacylglycerol composition of MoSO was characterized by the predominance of the glycerol trioleate (OOO) (32.42±0.12%). Thermogravimetric analysis of MoSO showed that the oil possess an interesting thermal stability with a highly Onset temperatures (T_onset) of 390.72°C and 357.47°C, respectively in nitrogen and air atmospheres. By using the ABTS assay, MoSO exhibited an interesting antioxidant capacity of 365 μM TEAC. The oil was also endowed with a relatively strong anti-inflammatory activity since its treatment at the different concentrations tested (75, 150 and 300 μg/mL). However, no antimicrobial activity was observed. On the basis of the obtained results, MoSO could be used in diverse industrial applications such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food fields thanks to its thermal stability and interesting biological activities.

Soxhlet Extraction versus Hydrodistillation Using the Clevenger Apparatus: A Comparative Study on the Extraction of a Volatile Compound from Tamarindus indica Seeds

The present study aims to compare two traditional extraction techniques. A volatile compound from Tamarindus indica seed was obtained with Soxhlet extraction (SE) and hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus (HDC). The extraction yield and chemical composition of the essential oil samples were compared. Both oils extracted were analyzed with GC-MS, and forty-one chemical compounds were identified in essential oil components from SE while forty chemical compounds were found in the HDC-extracted oil sample. The major essential oil components present in both the SE and HDC method are cis-vaccenic acid, 2-methyltetracosane, beta-sitosterol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, and n-hexadecanoic acid in varying concentrations. Moreover, the essential oils obtained by both methods look similar quantitatively but differ qualitatively. The HDC method produced more oxygenated compounds that contribute to the fragrance of the oil. The major constituents observed in the essential oil extracted by SE methods include cis-vaccenic acid (17.6%), beta-sitosterol (12.71%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- (11.82%), n-hexadecanoic acid (8.16%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (5.84%), oleic acid (4.54%), and 11-octadecenoic acid and methyl ester (3.94%). However, in the hydrodistillation technique, the oil was mostly composed of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- (23.72%), cis-vaccenic acid (17.16%), n-hexadecanoic acid (11.53%), beta-sitosterol (4.53%), and octadecanoic acid (3.8%). From the data obtained, HDC seems to be a better method for extraction of Tamarindus indica essential oil compared to the Soxhlet extraction apparatus.

CO2 supercritical fluid extraction of pulp and nut oils from Terminalia catappa fruits: Thermogravimetric behavior, spectroscopic and fatty acid profiles

The aim of this study was to investigate the attributes of the pulp and nut oils from Terminalia catappa fruits obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pressurized CO₂. The yield, physico-chemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of both oils were assessed based on their acidity and peroxide indices, thermogravimetric behavior, infrared spectroscopic and gas chromatographic analyses. The extraction yields were 7.4% and 61.5% for the pulp and nut from T. catappa, respectively. The pulp and nut oils exhibited low levels of acidity, 3.3 and 1.9 mg KOH g^-1, and peroxides, 3.8 and 1.7 mEq kg^-1, respectively. These values are lower than the maximum recommended levels given by the Codex Alimentarius for virgin oils (4.0 mg KOH g^-1 and 15 mEq Kg^-1, respectively). Unsaturated fatty acids were a major constituent of the oils (58%), of which omegas 3 and 6 were predominant. The infrared spectroscopy of the nut oil showed high intensity bands between 2912 and 716 cm^-1, representative of chemical groups commonly present in unsaturated fatty acids. The pulp oil displayed higher thermal stability than the nut oil, whereby the initial degradation temperatures (T_onset) were 280 °C and 230 °C, respectively. This difference may be related to a greater amount of saturated fatty acids in the pulp oil compared to the nut oil. Thus, both pulp and nut oils displayed good physicochemical properties, which are desirable in diverse industrial sectors.

A green assisted route for the fabrication of a high-efficiency self-healing anti-corrosion coating through graphene oxide nanoplatform reduction by Tamarindus indiaca extract

The major focus of the recent studies in metals corrosion protection field is now the development of non-hazardous and eco-friendly materials as effective substitutes for some of the well-known conventional toxic/unsafe inhibitors based on chromate, lead, phosphate, and azole derivatives. The present work focuses on the sustainable development of an intelligent self-healing anticorrosion coating using nanocarriers based on the graphene oxide nanoplatform-Tamarindus indiaca extract-Zn²⁺ (GON-Ti.E-Zn)-through a facile green assisted route. The GON-Ti.E-Zn nanocarrier was introduced into the epoxy ester film (EEF) to achieve a smart barrier/self-healing anti-corrosive property. To this end, a couple of characterization tests, including FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy, have been carried out to investigate the GON-Ti.E-Zn nanocarrier structure/composition. The effectiveness of the anti-corrosion performance of the established coatings was confirmed by EIS, FE-SEM, and accelerated salt spray (SS) test. The observation of the high impedance magnitude at low-frequency (47.14 Gohm cm² after 5 weeks immersion in saline solution) for the un-defected EEF and significant impedance enhancement for the defected EEF including GON-Ti.E-Zn nanocarrier confirmed the excellent barrier effect of GO and synergistic behavior and noticeable corrosion inhibition impact of Tamarindus indiaca along with the zinc cations on the mild steel corrosion mitigation.