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Zhang B, Leng J, Ouyang Z, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Li Q, Li D, Zhao H. Superhydrophilic and topography-regulatable surface grafting on PEEK to improve cellular affinity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213310. [PMID: 36716597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely used in the preparation of orthopedic implants due to its biological inertness and similar mechanical modulus to natural bone. However, the affinity between biological tissue (bone and soft tissue) and PEEK surface is weak, leading to low osseointegration and an increased risk of inflammation. The situation could be improved by modifying PEEK surface. Surfaces with good hydrophilicity and proper microtopography would promote cellular adhesion and proliferation. This work presented a two-step surface modification method to achieve the effect. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) chains were grafted on PEEK surface by UV irradiation. Then, ethylenediamine (EDA) was added to introduce amino groups and promote the cross-linking of PAA chains. Furthermore, a mathematical model was built to describe and regulate the surface topography growth process semi-quantitatively. The model fits experimental data quite well (adjusted R2 = 0.779). Results showed that the modified PEEK surface obtained superhydrophilicity. It significantly improved the adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs and MFBs by activating the FAK pathway and Rho family GTPase. The cellular affinity performed better when the surface topography was in network structure with holes in about 25 μm depth and 20-50 μm diameter. Good hydrophilicity seems necessary for the FAK pathway activation, but simply improving surface hydrophilicity might not be enough for cellular affinity improvement. Surface topography at micron scale should be a more important cue. This simple surface modification method could be contributed to further study of cell-microtopography interaction and have potential applications in clinical PEEK orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junqing Leng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhicong Ouyang
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510665 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Yang
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510665 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Qingchu Li
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510665 Guangzhou, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510665 Guangzhou, China.
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Almeida D, Sartoretto SC, Calasans-Maia JDA, Ghiraldini B, Bezerra FJB, Granjeiro JM, Calasans-Maia MD. In vivo osseointegration evaluation of implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite in low density bone. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282067. [PMID: 36812287 PMCID: PMC9946243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vivo study, aimed to biomechanically, histomorphometrically and histologically evaluate an implant surface coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite using the wet chemical process (biomimetic deposition of calcium phosphate coating) when compared to a dual acid-etching surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten sheep (2-4 years old) received 20 implants, 10 with nanostructured hydroxyapatite coating (HAnano), and 10 with dual acid-etching surface (DAA). The surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy; insertion torque values and resonance frequency analysis were measured to evaluate the primary stability of the implants. Bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFo) were evaluated 14 and 28 days after implant installation. RESULTS The HAnano and DAA groups showed no significant difference in insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis. The BIC and BAFo values increased significantly (p<0.05) over the experimental periods in both groups. This event was also observed in BIC value of HAnano group. The HAnano surface showed superior results compared to DAA after 28 days (BAFo, p = 0.007; BIC, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the HAnano surface favors bone formation when compared to the DAA surface after 28 days in low-density bone in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Almeida
- Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Ghiraldini
- Dental Research Division, Dentistry School, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Mauro Granjeiro
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Dentistry School, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Nakai H, Inokoshi M, Nozaki K, Yoshihara K, Matsukawa A, Nagaoka N, Tonprasong W, Minakuchi S. Osteoblast Response of Additively Manufactured Zirconia and Alumina-Toughened Zirconia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8685. [PMID: 36500180 PMCID: PMC9739127 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics have been widely used in dentistry. Herein, we assess the surface morphology, surface texture, and osteoblast response of additively manufactured zirconia and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) in comparison with titanium. The surface roughness, contact angle, and surface microstructure of titanium sandblasted with large-grit alumina and subsequently acid-etched using 18% HCl and 49% H2SO4 (SLA-titanium), uniaxially pressed zirconia (UP zirconia), additively manufactured zirconia (AM zirconia), and additively manufactured ATZ (AM ATZ) were investigated. Moreover, the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on these materials were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. SLA-titanium showed the highest surface roughness and contact angle. The other three materials showed comparable surface roughness and contact angles. Micro- and nanoroughness were observed on the surface of SLA-titanium. UP zirconia and AM zirconia had similar surface morphologies. The cell viability, ALP activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on AM zirconia were comparable to or better than those on SLA-titanium. Our results indicate that AM zirconia is a promising material for zirconia dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nakai
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masanao Inokoshi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nozaki
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashicho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
- Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, 99 Village No.9, Phitsanulok-Nakhon Sawan Road, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok District, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Stavropoulos A, Sandgren R, Bellon B, Sculean A, Pippenger BE. Greater Osseointegration Potential with Nanostructured Surfaces on TiZr: Accelerated vs. Real-Time Ageing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071678. [PMID: 33805477 PMCID: PMC8036800 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface chemistry and nanotopography of dental implants can have a substantial impact on osseointegration. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of surface chemistry and nanotopography on the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium (TiZr; Roxolid®) discs, using a biomechanical pull-out model in rabbits. Two discs each were placed in both the right and left tibiae of 16 rabbits. Five groups of sandblasted acid etched (SLA) discs were tested: (1) hydrophobic without nanostructures (dry/micro) (n = 13); (2) hydrophobic with nanostructures, accelerated aged (dry/nano/AA) (n = 12); (3) hydrophilic without nanostructures (wet/micro) (n = 13); (4) hydrophilic with nanostructures, accelerated aged (wet/nano/AA; SLActive®) (n = 13); (5) hydrophilic with nanostructures, real-time aged (wet/nano/RTA). The animals were sacrificed after four weeks and the biomechanical pull-out force required to remove the discs was evaluated. Adjusted mean pull-out force was greatest for group wet/nano/RTA (64.5 ± 17.7 N) and lowest for group dry/micro (33.8 ± 10.7 N). Multivariate mixed model analysis showed that the pull-out force was significantly greater for all other disc types compared to the dry/micro group. Surface chemistry and topography both had a significant effect on pull-out force (p < 0.0001 for both), but the effect of the interaction between chemistry and topography was not significant (p = 0.1056). The introduction of nanostructures on the TiZr surface significantly increases osseointegration. The introduction of hydrophilicity to the TiZr implant surface significantly increases the capacity for osseointegration, irrespective of the presence or absence of nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stavropoulos
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: or (A.S.); (B.E.P.)
| | - Rebecca Sandgren
- Department of Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Lunds University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Benjamin Bellon
- Department of Preclinical & Translational Research, Institut Straumann, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3210 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Benjamin E. Pippenger
- Department of Preclinical & Translational Research, Institut Straumann, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3210 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: or (A.S.); (B.E.P.)
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Sakamoto Y, Ayukawa Y, Furuhashi A, Kamo M, Ikeda J, Atsuta I, Haraguchi T, Koyano K. Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment with Distilled Water on Titanium Alloy for Epithelial Cellular Attachment. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172748. [PMID: 31461930 PMCID: PMC6747835 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of oral epithelial adhesion to the trans-mucosal material of dental implants may improve their long-term stability. The aim of this study is to investigate whether hydrothermal treatment with distilled water (HT-DW) applied to a Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy could improve epithelial cellular attachment. We hypothesized that this treatment would enhance the adsorption of proteins and the adhesion of gingival epithelial GE1 cells. This treatment changed the surface crystal structure into an anatase type of titanium oxide without an apparent change of surface roughness or topography. Nitrogen was not detected on the HT-DW-treated Ti64, which indicates decontamination. HT-DW-treated Ti64 exhibited a hydrophilic surface with a less than 10° angle of water contact. Adsorption of laminin-332 to the HT-DW-treated Ti64 was significantly greater than that of the untreated Ti64 plates (64). The number of GE1 cells on the HT-DW-treated Ti64 at 1 and 3 days was significantly lower than that on 64; however, cell adhesion strength on HT-DW was greater, with a higher expression of integrin β4, compared with 64. This indicates that the HT-DW treatment of Ti64 improves the integration of GE1 cells, which might facilitate the development of a soft tissue barrier around the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushige Sakamoto
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Furuhashi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michimasa Kamo
- Medical Division, KYOCERA Corporation, Shiga 520-2362, Japan
| | - Junji Ikeda
- Medical Division, KYOCERA Corporation, Shiga 520-2362, Japan
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Division of Advanced Dental Devices and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Haraguchi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Wu H, Yang L, Qian J, Wang D, Pan Y, Wang X, Nabanita S, Tang T, Zhao J, Wei J. Microporous Coatings of PEKK/SN Composites Integration with PEKK Exhibiting Antibacterial and Osteogenic Activity, and Promotion of Osseointegration for Bone Substitutes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1290-1301. [PMID: 33405647 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the antibacterial and osteogenic activities of poly(etherketoneketone) (PEKK), concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) suspension with silicon nitride (SN) microparticle was utilized to modify PEKK surface. Through sulfonation reaction, microporous coatings of PEKK/SN composites were created on PEKK surface, which were integrated with PEKK substrate. The results showed that the content of SN in the microporous coatings increased with the increase of SN content in H2SO4 suspension (PKS without SN, PKSC5 and PKSC10 with 5 and 10 wt % SN content in H2SO4) and that the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of microporous coatings on PEKK were significantly improved with the SN content increasing. In addition, the microporous coating of PKSC10 with high SN content exhibited excellent antibacterial activity due to the synergistic action of the presence of amino (-NH2) and sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups as well as the improvement of protein absorption. Moreover, the microporous coating of PKSC10 obviously stimulated adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, histological and push-out load evaluation indicated that the microporous coating of PKSC10 significantly promoted osteogenesis and osseointegration in vivo. The results suggested that the microporous coating of PKSC10 with high SN content display good biocompatibility, antibacterial and osteogenic activities, and osseointegration ability, which would have great potential for bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongkang Pan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Saha Nabanita
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Tr T Bati 5678, Zlin, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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