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Sidhu B, Mavilakandy A, Hull KL, Koev I, Vali Z, Burton JO, Ng GA. Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease: Aetiology and Management. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:143. [PMID: 39076563 PMCID: PMC11264032 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2504143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have highlighted an increased prevalence and incidence of AF in patients with CKD. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of current management strategies and considerations of treating atrial fibrillation with concomitant CKD. Potential electrophysiological mechanisms between AF and CKD are explored. Current evidence and literature focusing on pharmacological rate and rhythm control along with procedural intervention is reviewed and presented. The management of AF and CKD together is complex, but particularly pertinent when considering the close cyclical relationship in the progression of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Sidhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
| | - Akash Mavilakandy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, LE1 5WW Leicester, UK
| | - Katherine L. Hull
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, LE5 4PW Leicester, UK
| | - Ivelin Koev
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, LE1 5WW Leicester, UK
| | - Zakariyya Vali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, LE1 5WW Leicester, UK
| | - James O. Burton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, LE5 4PW Leicester, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, UK
| | - G. André Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, LE1 5WW Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, LE3 9QP Leicester, UK
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Gadde S, Kalluru R, Cherukuri SP, Chikatimalla R, Dasaradhan T, Koneti J. Atrial Fibrillation in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Overview. Cureus 2022; 14:e27753. [PMID: 36106212 PMCID: PMC9445413 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition that can be caused due to any etiology leading to structural damage to the kidney, which can be measured by a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the presence of damage biomarkers for more than three months. This article has discussed the causal relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and CKD, a few of them being inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, anemia, and uremia associated with CKD. This review mentioned the clinical impact of the presence of AF in CKD patients. The presence of AF in CKD patients aggravates the renal dysfunction, which in turn adds to the generation of AF. This article explores the various pharmacological and interventional treatment modalities, including antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, and cardiac ablation, and their complications, leading to restricted usage in CKD patients.
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Yoshikawa M, Asaba K, Nakayama T. Causal effect of atrial fibrillation/flutter on chronic kidney disease: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261020. [PMID: 34898631 PMCID: PMC8668124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation are both major burdens on the health care system worldwide. Several observational studies have reported clinical associations between CKD and atrial fibrillation; however, causal relationships between these conditions remain to be elucidated due to possible bias by confounders and reverse causations. Here, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (the CKDGen consortium and the UK Biobank) to investigate causal associations between CKD and atrial fibrillation/flutter in the European population. Our study suggested a causal effect of the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter on the decrease in serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and revealed a causal effect of the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter on the risk of CKD (odds ratio, 9.39 per doubling odds ratio of atrial fibrillation/flutter; 95% coefficient interval, 2.39–37.0; P = 0.001), while the causal effect of the decrease in eGFR on the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter was unlikely. However, careful interpretation and further studies are warranted, as the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Further, our sample size was relatively small and selection bias was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kensuke Asaba
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Asemota IR, Igwilo R, Nwaichi C, Mbachi C, Paintsil I. A Cardioversion and Renal Dysfunction Cascade: Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation, Acute Kidney Injury, and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation. Cureus 2020; 12:e7672. [PMID: 32419999 PMCID: PMC7226683 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old woman with hypertension presented with progressively worsening shortness of breath due to acute decompensated heart failure with atrial fibrillation in rapid ventricular response. During admission, she was managed with diuretics, goal-directed medical therapy for heart failure with successful DCCV (Direct current cardioversion) for first episode atrial fibrillation. However, one day after discharge, the patient presented with a recurrence of dyspnea with atrial fibrillation in rapid ventricular response and a reduction in urine output with elevated serum creatinine. In this case report, we describe the syndrome of acute kidney injury following cardioversion for atrial fibrillation known as AFCARD (Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion Associated with Renal Dysfunction), highlight its incidence and reflect on renal dysfunction subserving the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after successful DCCV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Igwilo
- Internal Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, NGA
| | - Chineme Nwaichi
- Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA
| | - Chimezie Mbachi
- Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA
| | - Isaac Paintsil
- Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA
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