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Xu G, Shen C, Lin H, Zhou J, Wang T, Wan B, Binshabaib M, Forouzanfar T, Xu G, Alharbi N, Wu G. Development, In-Vitro Characterization and In-Vivo Osteoinductive Efficacy of a Novel Biomimetically-Precipitated Nanocrystalline Calcium Phosphate With Internally-Incorporated Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:920696. [PMID: 35935495 PMCID: PMC9354744 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.920696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of large-volume bone defects (LVBDs) remains a great challenge in the fields of orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery. Most clinically available bone-defect-filling materials lack proper degradability and efficient osteoinductivity. In this study, we synthesized a novel biomimetically-precipitated nanocrystalline calcium phosphate (BpNcCaP) with internally incorporated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BpNcCaP + BMP-2) with an aim to develop properly degradable and highly osteoinductive granules to repair LVBDs. We first characterized the physicochemical properties of the granules with different incorporation amounts of BMP-2 using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We evaluated the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of BpNcCaP by assessing the viability and adhesion of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts using PrestoBlue assay, Rhodamine-Phalloidin and DAPI staining, respectively. We further assessed the in-vivo osteoinductive efficacy in a subcutaneous bone induction model in rats. In-vitro characterization data showed that the BpNcCaP + BMP-2 granules were comprised of hexagonal hydroxyapatite with an average crystallite size ranging from 19.7 to 25.1 nm and a grain size at 84.13 ± 28.46 nm. The vickers hardness of BpNcCaP was 32.50 ± 3.58 HV 0.025. BpNcCaP showed no obvious cytotoxicity and was favorable for the adhesion of pre-osteoblasts. BMP-2 incorporation rate could be as high as 65.04 ± 6.01%. In-vivo histomorphometric analysis showed that the volume of new bone induced by BpNcCaP exhibited a BMP-2 amount-dependent increasing manner. The BpNcCaP+50 μg BMP-2 exhibited significantly more degradation and fewer foreign body giant cells in comparison with BpNcCaP. These data suggested a promising application potential of BpNcCaP + BMP-2 in repairing LVBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hangzhou Huibo Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Xinjie Science Park, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Implantology, Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Savid School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Implantology, Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ben Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hangzhou Huibo Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Xinjie Science Park, Hangzhou, China
| | - Munerah Binshabaib
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guochao Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nawal Alharbi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nawal Alharbi, ; Gang Wu,
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nawal Alharbi, ; Gang Wu,
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