Human Bone Derived Cell (HBDC) Behaviour of Sol-Gel Derived Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Alloy Substrates

Surface modification techniques of titanium and titanium alloys for biomedical orthopaedics applications: A review

Biomedical alloys have an important share in orthopedic applications. Among them, titanium and its titanium alloys are widely used as implant materials because of their excellent mechanical properties and non-cytotoxicity. However, its disadvantages such as its biological inertness and poor antibacterial properties inhibit its further development. Therefore, the surface properties of titanium are crucial in the implantation process and determine the success of the implant. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and detailed description of the modification techniques used for the surface modification of titanium implants. In this paper, the corresponding technical methods are introduced systematically from four aspects: mechanical method, physical surface modification, chemical surface modification and electrochemical technique to understand the experimental mechanism of each modification technique, and the above methods can indeed improve the various properties of titanium and its alloys. With the increasing demand for implants in the future, the requirements for surface properties will also increase. Therefore, the development of new coating materials with higher performance by combining various advantages of existing modification technologies is the main trend of future research on surface modification of titanium alloys.

pH impact on the sol-gel preparation of calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, using a novel complexing agent, DCTA

Aqueous sol-gel chemistry routes — based on ammonium hydrogen phosphate as the phosphorus precursor, calcium acetate monohydrate as the source of calcium ions, and 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid monohydrate (DCTA) as the complexing agent — have been used to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite (HA). The sol-gel process was performed in aqueous solution at different pH values followed by calcination of the dry precursor gels for 5 h at 1000°C. Phase transformations, composition, and structural changes in the polycrystalline samples were studied by thermoanalytical methods (TG/DTA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that pH adjustment has significant impact on the apatite formation process and on the morphology and phase purity of the ceramic samples.

Orthopedic coating materials: considerations and applications

The host response to titanium and its alloys is not always favorable, as a fibrous layer may form at the skeletal tissue-device interface, causing aseptic loosening. Therefore, a great deal of current orthopedic research is focused on developing implants with improved osseointegration properties in order to increase their clinical success. Promising new studies have been reported regarding coating the currently available implants with various coating materials and techniques so as to improve the long-term stability of implants. This article will discuss various coating materials developed, their advantages and disadvantages as coating materials and their biological performance.