Twenty-first century knowledge mapping on oral diseases and physical activity/exercise, trends, gaps, and future perspectives: a bibliometric review

Maintenance and improvement of an individual's overall well-being require a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses everything from oral health care to regular physical exercise. The notion that poor oral health can influence general health and athletic performance has sparked an interest in this relationship. This study offers an overview of relevant research and a knowledge map,and discusses publication metrics and key topics concerning the relationship between physical activity or exercise and oral diseases. We searched the Web of Science database for articles published in the 21st century that addressed the relationship between physical activity and oral diseases. Under the stipulated inclusion criteria, a rigorous selection process yielded 276 from 3,883 retrieved articles. The articles were classified by what was assessed as follows: occurrence of oral diseases in athletes or sports enthusiasts (n = 174); impact of physical activity or exercise on the oral cavity (n = 59); effects of oral changes on sports performance and physical fitness (n = 31); and the connection between oral health status, physical activity or exercise, and systemic conditions (n = 12). Orofacial trauma has received the most attention among all investigated oral diseases. However, there is a need for greater attention of dysfunctional habits that can contribute to premature tooth wear, as well as oral inflammatory diseases that can have systemic implications. This mapping can encourage the development of new primary research.

Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour

AIMS

Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is of utmost importance to facilitate people to achieve health outcomes and behaviours. This study was to investigate the effect of a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour to improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.

DESIGN

This study is a cluster randomised controlled trial.

METHODS

Participants were recruited between August and November 2019 in two community settings in Hengyang city, Hunan province, China. Participants in the intervention group received a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour and routine health education, while those in the control group received routine health education only. The outcome variables included selfߚmanagement, physical activity, medication compliance, anxiety, sexual knowledge, the ability to identify sexual health education needs, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and lowߚdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLߚC). The influential statistical tests applied to analyse the data included χ² tests and t tests.

RESULTS

Seventyߚseven participants completed this study. Compared with the control group (n = 40), the intervention group (n = 37) showed statistically significant better health outcomes and behaviours regarding selfߚmanagement, physical activity (except for high energy consumption), medication compliance, anxiety, sexual knowledge, the ability to identify sexual health education needs, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and LDLߚC. However, there was no statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and high energy consumption for physical activity.

CONCLUSION

A wellߚdeveloped nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour could successfully improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Such an intervention may be incorporated into community healthcare practice by nurses to improve patient care.

IMPACT

This study provides a valuable insight to facilitate further development of effective nursing interventions to improve secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in community settings.

Theoretical evaluation of Cox's interaction model of client health behavior for health promotion in adult women

This study aimed to evaluate Cox's interaction model of client health behavior (IMCHB) as used in studies on women's health. Using keyword combinations of "women" and "IMCHB" or "interaction model of client health behavior," we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and RISS databases for studies on the promotion of women's health published from January 2009 to April 2019. Finally, 11 studies were selected and evaluated according to seven criteria for theory evaluation, which combined Fawcett's theory evaluation criteria and Chinn and Kramer's criteria. We found that the IMCHB corresponds to a verifiable practical level of a middle-range theory, although it may be partially abstract. It contains all four concepts of the metaparadigm of nursing, in terms of a holistic philosophical approach. A theoretical evaluation demonstrated that the IMCHB has significance, generality, testability, empirical adequacy, and pragmatic adequacy for nursing practice and research. However, the lack of clear conceptual definitions and the presence of complex relationships among concepts resulted in a lack of internal consistency and parsimony. According to an in-depth verification through a review of the literature, the IMCHB has been used as a health promotion intervention strategy for various populations of women and has led to useful results in nursing practice. The IMCHB was confirmed to be a suitable theory for experimental and clinical research. Future research can build on this middle-range theory for women's health research and practice.