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Ubuzima P, Nshimiyimana E, Mukeshimana C, Mazimpaka P, Mugabo E, Mbyayingabo D, Mohamed AS, Habumugisha J. Exploring biological mechanisms in orthodontic tooth movement: Bridging the gap between basic research experiments and clinical applications - A comprehensive review. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152286. [PMID: 38810763 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The molecular mechanisms behind orthodontic tooth movements (OTM) were investigated by clarifying the role of chemical messengers released by cells. METHODS Using the Cochrane library, Google scholar, and PubMed databases, a literature search was conducted, and studies published from 1984 to 2024 were considered. RESULTS Both bone growth and remodeling may occur when a tooth is subjected to mechanical stress. These chemicals have a significant effect on the stimulation and regulation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes during alveolar bone remodeling. This regulation can take place in pathological conditions, such as periodontal diseases, or during OTM alone. This comprehensive review outlines key molecular mechanisms underlying OTM and explores various clinical assumptions associated with specific molecules and their functional domains during this process. Furthermore, clinical applications of certain molecules such as relaxin, prostaglandin E (PGE), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in accelerating OTM have been reported. Our findings underscore the existing gap between OTM clinical applications and basic research investigations. CONCLUSION A comprehensive understanding of orthodontic treatment is enriched by insights into biological systems. We reported the activation of osteoblasts, osteoclast precursor cells, osteoclasts, and osteocytes in response to mechanical stress, leading to targeted cellular and molecular interventions and facilitating rapid and regulated alveolar bone remodeling during tooth movement. Despite the shortcomings of clinical studies in accelerating OTM, this review highlights the crucial role of biological agents in this process and advocates for prioritizing high-quality human studies in future research to gain further insights from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ubuzima
- Department of Orthodontics, Affliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Eugene Nshimiyimana
- Department of Orthodontics, Affliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Christelle Mukeshimana
- Department of Orthodontics, Affliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Patrick Mazimpaka
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Eric Mugabo
- Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, 72 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Dieudonne Mbyayingabo
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | | | - Janvier Habumugisha
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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Chan V, Shroff B, Kravitz ND, Carrico C, Hawkins D, Tran P, Lindauer S. Orthodontic pain with fixed appliances and clear aligners: A 6-month comparison. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024:S0889-5406(24)00271-3. [PMID: 39078353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This prospective study compared pain perception, intensity, and analgesic use among patients treated with fixed appliances (FAs) and clear aligners (CAs) over 6 months. METHODS Digital surveys were collected from 87 adult patients treated with CA or FA from 2 orthodontic offices. The 7-item survey was sent at 3-time points (preappointment, 2-day postappointment, and 7-day postappointment) for each appointment. Wilcoxon, t test, and Fisher exact chi-square tests were performed with significance set at 0.05. RESULTS The FA group had a higher rate and intensity of pain 2 days after the second, third, and fifth appointments (P <0.030). At 7 days postappointment, the FA group had a higher rate and intensity of pain for the first and fifth appointments. Dull pain was reported the most in both groups, with a proportion of FA patients reporting throbbing (31%) or sharp (20%) pain (P = 0.035) at 2 days postappointment. The CA group reported the most pain at rest, whereas the FA group reported chewing as the most painful (P = 0.002). The FA group had a higher rate of analgesic consumption after the first appointment (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Both the FA and CA groups experienced similar rates and intensities of pain 2 days after the delivery of appliances at the first appointment. Although CA pain intensity remained minimal, FA pain peaked 2 days postappointment whenever a new orthodontic stimulus was introduced and remained elevated 7 days postappointment when that stimulus was a new archwire material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chan
- Department of Orthodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Bhavna Shroff
- Department of Orthodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.
| | | | - Caroline Carrico
- Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Daniel Hawkins
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Phuong Tran
- Department of Orthodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Steven Lindauer
- Department of Orthodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
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Alansari R, Vaiid N. Why do patients transition between orthodontic appliances? A qualitative analysis of patient decision-making. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:439-446. [PMID: 38149336 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To gain an in-depth understanding of patients' decision-making processes when choosing to transition to a different orthodontic appliance (OA). METHODS This was a retrospective qualitative study using one-on-one in-depth semi-structured interviews. Patients were recruited through purposive convenience sampling. Participants who had elected to transition from and to one of these OAs: metal brackets, tooth-coloured brackets, or clear aligners before the end of treatment were recruited. Recruitment ceased when data saturation was achieved. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three adult participants (12 males, 11 females) with their ages ranging from 18 to 52 years were interviewed. The analysis of the data revealed that participants perceived two reasons for the transition: (1) insufficient initial information and (2) evolving life circumstances and personal style. Data analysis of participants who expressed a notable discrepancy between their expectations and the reality of the OA they chose revolved around three themes: (a) health benefits and threats, (b) personal control, and (c) financial considerations. Data analysis of participants who described transitioning between OAs due to changes in personal circumstances and style, revealed two themes: (a) change in personal values and motivations and (b) change in social and psychological influence. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative study highlighted the complex multifactorial nature of patient decision-making when choosing and transitioning OAs. Orthodontists can benefit from understanding these factors to engage in thorough patient-centered counselling, provide tailored treatment recommendations, and optimize the choice of appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alansari
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhillesh Vaiid
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Private Practice, Mumbai, India
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Almarhoumi AA. Socio-economic and gender dynamics influence on the parental decision-making process for children's orthodontic care - A study in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 38516110 PMCID: PMC10953714 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_184_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the socio-economic and personal factors that impact parental decisions regarding orthodontic treatment for their children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A digital self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from 414 parents, focusing on their motivations and barriers that influence their decision-making process regarding orthodontic treatment. RESULTS Income level was the most significant factor in orthodontic decisions. Parents with higher incomes were twice as likely to choose orthodontic treatment for esthetic reasons compared to parents with middle incomes. The main incentive for seeking treatment was getting advice from dental professionals, with 60% of participants rating it as the most important factor. 34.5% of respondents identified cost as the main barrier, with middle-income parents being 151% more inclined to perceive it as a significant barrier compared to high-income parents. Gender dynamics revealed that mothers exhibited 48.9% greater concern regarding treatment costs compared to fathers, whereas fathers placed 2.105 times more importance on the orthodontist's reputation than mothers. CONCLUSION Income levels, along with other socio-economic factors and gender dynamics, have a significant influence on parental decisions regarding orthodontic care. Personalized consultations that address these variations are crucial for improving communication between patients and practitioners and increasing the accessibility of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim A. Almarhoumi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Hospital at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Gao Y, Wang R, Liu Q, Zhou B, Qiao H. Effect of acetaminophen on relieving orthodontic pain with clear aligner based on GAD-7: A retrospective research. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23292. [PMID: 38163203 PMCID: PMC10756994 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients may have uncomfortable feelings during orthodontic treatment, which can directly lead to dissatisfaction. So in order to improve the patient's sense of pleasure during the treatment, it would be of great benefit if orthodontic pain can be relieved. Materials and methods We included 150 patients wearing clear aligners from 18 to 30 years old during 2018-2020. Then designed following groups to determine the effectiveness of both verbal behavior modification and combination therapy with acetaminophen in reducing treatment pain: Group A, generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD-7) scored 0-4; Group B, GAD-7 scored 5-9; Group C, GAD-7 scored 10-14; and Group D, GAD-7 scored 15-21. Results There was a difference in the visual analog scale (VAS) between verbal behavior modification with and without a 300-mg acetaminophen tablet oral QD in Group A (received the intervention at 8 h and 1 d), Group B at 8 h and 1 d, Group C at 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d, and Group D at 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and 4 d. After 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and 4 d in patients with verbal behavior modification, VAS was markedly increased in Group D compared with Group A, B and C. Furthermore, after 8 h and 1 d in patients with verbal behavior modification and 300-mg acetaminophen tablet oral QD, VAS was strongly enhanced in Group D. Conclusions Dental anxiety is strongly associated with pain in orthodontic patients receiving clear aligners. Acetaminophen administration may be a benefit in orthodontic pain that results from clear aligners, especially in the group with more GAD-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo AD, Carpentiere V, Del Vecchio G, Ferrante L, Di Noia A, Palermo A, Di Venere D, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F. Predictability of Dental Distalization with Clear Aligners: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1390. [PMID: 38135981 PMCID: PMC10740623 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current review aims to evaluate the scientific evidence relating to the effectiveness of treatment with clear aligners (CAs) in controlling distalization orthodontic tooth movement. "Orthodontics, aligners" and "distalization" were the search terms used on the Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed databases with the Boolean operator "AND". The results of the last ten years of research were 146 studies; of these, 19 publications were included for this review. The distalization movement is possible with invisible masks alone, but the risk of losing anchorage in the anterior sectors is very probable. The stability of the results and the reduction of unwanted effects can be guaranteed by the use of skeletal anchoring devices and interproximal enamel reduction (IPR), with which compensations are obtained to reduce the initial overjet. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) can be used to manage posterior anchorage after distalization of maxillary molars with aligners. This hybrid approach has demonstrated the greatest orthodontic success. TADs are useful aids to provide direct and indirect skeletal anchorage. The opposite effect must be considered when planning dental distalization, especially of the molars, in patients with large overjet, and corrective measures or the use of auxiliaries may be necessary to prevent midcourse corrections. This systematic review provides a critical evidence-based assessment of the predictability of dental distalization with CAs, an ever-evolving orthodontic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Vincenzo Carpentiere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Gaetano Del Vecchio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Laura Ferrante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Angela Di Noia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.I.); (A.D.I.); (V.C.); (G.D.V.); (L.F.); (A.D.N.); (D.D.V.); (F.I.)
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Sultan H, Pervez H, Maqsood S, Zeeshan WS. Evaluation of pain experienced by orthodontic patients following elastomeric separator insertion: A cross-sectional study. Korean J Orthod 2023; 53:298-306. [PMID: 37746775 PMCID: PMC10547595 DOI: 10.4041/kjod22.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pain following the insertion of separators and archwires varies with age, sex, race, ethnicity, threshold, and health status. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of pain in orthodontic patients after the insertion of elastomeric separators, its effects on daily life, and its association with age and sex in a population not previously studied in this regard. Methods A cross-sectional study of 130 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment included collecting data on demographics, pain experienced following the placement of separators, time of onset, duration, characteristics, change in dietary pattern or chewing side, intake of analgesics, and severity of pain on the Wong Baker's scale. The results are reported as counts and percentages. Associations between sex and age were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. Results Among the 130 patients, 56.2% were 9-20 years old, 63.8% experienced pain following the insertion of separators, 22.9% had their first episode of pain at 4 hours, 56.6% experienced intermittent pain, and 37.3% experienced discomfort; 18.1% males and 81.9% females experienced pain following the insertion of separators. Pearson's chi-square test showed a significant association between pain and sex (P = 0.04). Most patients (37.3%) reported "hurts little more" for pain intensity on Wong Baker's scale and 21.7% reported all four quadrants as sites of pain. Conclusions The pain experienced after separator insertion was associated with sex and age. Females experienced more pain than males and patients between the age range of 21 and 36 years suffered more pain during mastication than between 9 and 20 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareem Sultan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hana Pervez
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Maqsood
- Department of Orthodontics, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wajeeh Syed Zeeshan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Consuelo VM, Chiara F, Francesca SM, Patrizia D, Andrea S. The Use of Questionnaires in Pain Assessment during Orthodontic Treatments: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1681. [PMID: 37763800 PMCID: PMC10538163 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a complex multidimensional feeling combined with sensorial and emotional features. The majority of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment report various degrees of pain, which is perceived as widely variable between individuals, even when the stimulus is the same. Orthodontic pain is considered the main cause of poor-quality outcomes, patients' dissatisfaction, and lack of collaboration up to the interruption of therapy. A deep understanding of pain and how it influences a patient's daily life is fundamental to establishing proper therapeutic procedures and obtaining the correct collaboration. Because of its multifaced and subjective nature, pain is a difficult dimension to measure. The use of questionnaires and their relative rating scales is actually considered the gold standard for pain assessment. Choosing the most appropriate instrument for recording self-reported pain depends on a patient's age and cognitive abilities. Although several such scales have been proposed, and a lot of them are applied, it remains uncertain which of these tools represents the standard and performs the most precise, universal, and predictable task. This review aims to give an overview of the aspects which describe pain, specifically the pain experienced during orthodontic treatment, the main tool to assess self-perceived pain in a better and more efficient way, the different indications for each of them, and their correlated advantages or disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Marina Consuelo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.M.C.); (S.M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Falzinella Chiara
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.M.C.); (S.M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Sfondrini Maria Francesca
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.M.C.); (S.M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Defabianis Patrizia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Scribante Andrea
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.M.C.); (S.M.F.); (S.A.)
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciencies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Abu Alhaija ES, Al-Areqi MM, AlShami R, Al Maaitah EF, Al Wahadni A. Effect of piezocision-assisted lower second molar protraction on periodontal tissues, alveolar bone height, and lower second molar root resorption. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:490736. [PMID: 36762903 PMCID: PMC10117208 DOI: 10.2319/090622-621.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of piezocision on periodontal tissues and alveolar bone height and to detect lower second molar root resorption in piezocision-assisted mandibular second molar protraction compared to no-piezocision molar protraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one subjects (four males, 17 females, aged 22.43 ± 2.83 years) who presented with bilateral extraction of lower first molars were included. The patients were divided into two groups; Group 1: Piezocision-assisted molar protraction (right or left side of subjects) in which piezocision was performed immediately before lower second molar protraction and, Group 2: No-piezocision molar protraction in which lower second molar protraction was not surgically assisted. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), gingival recession (GR), lower second molar mesial root resorption, alveolar bone height, and mandibular bone height were recorded at T1 (immediately before molar protraction) and at T2 (after second molar space closure). RESULTS In the piezocision-assisted molar protraction group, significant changes were detected in the WKG (P < .001), GR (P < .05), and the mandibular bone height (P < .001). Compared to the no-piezocision group, piezocision-assisted molar protraction resulted in an increased WKG (P < .001) and less second molar mesial root resorption (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Piezocision does not have any detrimental effect on the periodontium and produces less root resorption.
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Feu D, Carvalho FDAR. Post-trauma complex orthodontic approach: the impact of psychological issues of bullying on treatment decision. Dental Press J Orthod 2022; 27:e22bbo4. [PMID: 36169498 PMCID: PMC9507020 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.4.e22bbo4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This article aims to discuss the multidisciplinary approach required in the treatment of cases of impaction and ankylosis of permanent teeth, associated with a history of trauma, considering the psychological state of the child and family when faced with a traumatic case of bullying, by reporting the complex treatment of a central incisor needing to be orthodontically moved across the midline. Conclusion: This clinical case was a major challenge, which included complex multidisciplinary procedures. Results and stability after 26 months of retention indicated successful orthodontic space closure of two maxillary teeth, without the use of implants or prostheses, in an adolescent patient who had a history of dental trauma, alveolar bone loss, and an uncertain initial prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Feu
- Universidade Vila Velha, Departamento de Odontologia (Vila Velha/ES, Brazil)
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Alsino HI, Hajeer MY, Alkhouri I, Murad RM, Khattab TZ. Evaluation of the Levels of Pain, Discomfort, Functional Impairments and Satisfaction With the Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) When Leveling and Aligning Crowded Teeth: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e22623. [PMID: 35233336 PMCID: PMC8881935 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Only a few studies have reported levels of pain, discomfort, functional impairments, and patients' satisfaction after undergoing periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). Therefore, the objectives were to evaluate postoperative pain, discomfort, functional impairments, and satisfaction following this surgical intervention. Methods A prospective cohort study was undertaken at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, between August 2018 and November 2020. The sample consisted of 16 patients (4 males, 12 females, mean age: 21±3.05 years) with moderately crowded lower anterior teeth who underwent full-thickness vestibular flap elevation followed by cortical cuts using piezosurgery. Then a bovine xenograft was applied before reflecting the flap and suturing. Fixed orthodontic therapy was then initiated. Questionnaires were administered to assess the levels of pain, discomfort, and oral functional problems using a visual analog scale (VAS) at one day, seven days, 14 days, and 28 days after surgery. The level of satisfaction was also assessed at 28 days postoperatively. Friedman's test was employed, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for post-hoc tests with an adjusted alpha level. Results On the first day following the PAOO, the mean values of perceived pain, discomfort, swelling, mastication difficulties, swallowing problems, limitation in jaw movements were 80.00, 80.63, 68.13, 78.13, 55.00, and 64.38, respectively. These mean values dropped significantly in the following assessment times (P<0.001). At 28 days following the PAOO, the mean satisfaction score was 84.94±22.46. All patients mentioned that they took painkillers after the surgical intervention. Conclusions On the first day following surgery, patients perceived high levels of pain and discomfort, moderate to severe levels of swelling and chewing difficulties, and suffered from restricted jaw movement. These levels decreased significantly in the following assessment times. Patients' satisfaction with the PAOO procedure was high.
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Prado LH, Previato K, Delgado RZR, Nelson Filho P, Bezerra Segato RA, Nakane Matsumoto MA, Neuppmann Feres MF. Adolescents' perception of malocclusion, their motivations, and expectations concerning the orthodontic treatment. Is it all about attractiveness? A qualitative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:e345-e352. [PMID: 35031194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to essential clinical parameters, orthodontic treatment outcomes should also consider patients' opinions and perceptions, which could be comprehensively clarified with a qualitative scientific approach. Considering that the information on younger patients' views is scarce, the objective of this study was to investigate how adolescent orthodontic patients perceive malocclusion, and their motivations and expectations concerning orthodontic corrective treatment. METHODS In this descriptive qualitative study, 12 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years and of both genders, covering a heterogeneous collection of malocclusions, were recruited from the waiting list of an Orthodontics Graduate Course. They were individually interviewed before the appliance insertion by an experienced researcher using an interview guide and photographic records to stimulate patients' self-perception of their oral condition. The interviews proceeded simultaneously with transcription analyses until saturation. After the transcription evaluation, the framework analysis technique was performed. RESULTS Data derived from the transcription analyses were grouped into 3 major themes: perceptions concerning the concepts of normality and abnormality regarding oral health; self-perceptions regarding malocclusion and other discrepancies; and motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment and expectations related to the results. CONCLUSIONS Attractiveness was exceptionally relevant among adolescent patients. Most interviewees seemed to focus their attention on esthetically upsetting dentofacial traits, which they expected to be corrected by orthodontic treatment. In addition to self-oriented appearance-driven motivations, parents, other health professionals, friends, and peers also influenced adolescents' perception of their need for treatment. The achievement of a normal dentofacial status seems to be closely attached to social and individual aspirations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luara Hernandes Prado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kárila Previato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Zoraida Rizental Delgado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Nelson Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Segato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Fernando Neuppmann Feres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Naseri N, Baherimoghadam T, Bassagh N, Hamedani S, Bassagh E, Hashemi Z. The impact of general self-efficacy and the severity of malocclusion on acceptance of removable orthodontic appliances in 10- to 12-year-old patients. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:344. [PMID: 33256680 PMCID: PMC7706242 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The patients’ acceptance of a treatment plan and their subsequent cooperation play a crucial role in achieving the best results in orthodontic treatments. Evidences show some personality traits such as general self-efficacy (GSE) and some dental traits such as severity of malocclusion are correlated with motivation of orthodontic treatment. These factors may predict the patients’ compliance and acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess the correlation of GSE and the severity of malocclusion with patients’ acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. Methods This study recruited 50 patients aged 10–12 years who required removable orthodontic appliances. The severity of malocclusion was determined using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) before the onset of treatment and GSE of participants were assessed using GSE scale self-report. The acceptance questionnaire was proposed to the patients on first (T1), third (T2), and sixth (T3) month after the delivery of the appliance. Results The GSE score had a statistically significant correlation with the total score of the acceptance questionnaire, subscale score of satisfaction with the appliance during eating and oral hygiene practice, duration of usage of the appliance, and interest in using it (P < 0.05). The IOTN had no significant correlation with the acceptance questionnaire. Conclusions Our findings substantiate the role of the GSES, concurrently declining the role of the IOTN in prediction of 10–12-year-old children’s acceptance and cooperation in treatment of malocclusion with removable appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Naseri
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Baherimoghadam
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Bassagh
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Hamedani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elmira Bassagh
- Department of Counseling Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hashemi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Guo J, Yan X, Li S, Van der Walt J, Guan G, Mei L. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of orthodontic-related videos on YouTube. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:411-418. [PMID: 33378439 PMCID: PMC8032311 DOI: 10.2319/082019-542.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate content of orthodontic-related videos on YouTube to improve the understanding of orthodontic patients' perceptions and treatment experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted on YouTube on March 20, 2018, and updated on August 4, 2019, to identify all relevant videos using search terms "orthodontic," "orthodontics," "braces," and "orthodontic braces." The data set was captured from YouTube Data API (Application Programming Interface) and stored in an Excel database using a query function written in Python. All videos captured were viewed and categorized by three independent dental investigators using thematic analysis. The top 100 videos (by view count) related to patients' treatment experience were further analyzed using discourse analysis. RESULTS A total of 600 orthodontic videos were screened, and 546 were included in the study. Six main themes were identified: (1) individual review of orthodontic treatment (45.8%, n = 250), (2) entertainment (19.8%, n = 108), (3) education (18.3%, n = 100), (4) advertisements (6.6%, n = 36), (5) time lapse of orthodontic treatment (5.3%, n = 29), and (6) do-it-yourself orthodontics (4.2%, n = 23). Of the top 100 videos related to patient's individual review of treatment, patients' main focuses were on pain (24%), problems with chewing and swallowing (12%), and adhesive removal (10%). CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic-related YouTube videos are diverse in nature. The most common video category was video providing an individual review of orthodontic treatment experience. Other popular video categories included entertainment, education, and advertisements. A range of do-it-yourself YouTube videos were also identified. YouTube may provide an opportunity for orthodontic professionals to disseminate health information.
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15
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang C, Song J, Fan Y. Biomechanical effects of corticotomy facilitated orthodontic anterior retraction: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:295-302. [PMID: 31985276 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1719403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongshi Yang
- Department of orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Department of orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Cardoso PC, Espinosa DG, Mecenas P, Flores-Mir C, Normando D. Pain level between clear aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review. Prog Orthod 2020; 21:3. [PMID: 31956934 PMCID: PMC6970090 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-019-0303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess if there is any difference in pain levels between orthodontic treatment with clear aligners or fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was completed in PubMed, The Cochrane Database, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, and OpenGrey databases without any restrictions until February 2019. All comparative study types contrasting pain levels between clear aligners and fixed appliances were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, ROBINS-I-Tool, or ROB 2.0 according to the study design. The level of evidence was assessed through the GRADE tool. RESULTS After removal of duplicates, exclusion by title and abstract, and reading the full text, only seven articles were included. Five were prospective non-randomized clinical trials (CCT), one was a cross-sectional study, and one was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Two studies presented a high RoB, three a moderate RoB, and two a low RoB (including the RCT). A meta-analysis was not performed because of clinical, statistical, and methodological heterogeneity. Most of the studies found that pain levels in patients treated with Invisalign were lower than those treated with conventional fixed appliances during the first days of treatment. Differences disappeared thereafter. No evidence was identified for other brands of clear aligners. CONCLUSIONS Based on a moderate level of certainty, orthodontic patients treated with Invisalign appear to feel lower levels of pain than those treated with fixed appliances during the first few days of treatment. Thereafter (up to 3 months), differences were not noted. Malocclusion complexity level among included studies was mild. Pain is one of many considerations and predictability and technical outcome are more important, mainly considering that the difference does not seem to occur after the first months of the orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Mecenas
- Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David Normando
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Martin C, Gebeile-Chauty S. [Discontinuation of Orthodontic Treatment: what are the early predictive factors?]. Orthod Fr 2018; 89:371-386. [PMID: 30565556 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2018033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discontinuation of orthodontic treatment has iatrogenic, psychological, ergonomic and financial consequences. The objective of this study was to investigate early risk factors (prior to installation) of discontinuation of orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a case-control study between a group of patients who dropped their orthodontic treatment ("A") and a randomly selected group of patients who had completed their orthodontic treatment ("NA"). The two groups were compared, with descriptive, uni and multivariate analyzes. The risk factors assessed were age, gender, socioeconomic status, type of treatment, dysmorphism, malocclusion, need for treatment, compliance. RESULTS In the dropout group 55 patients were included ("A") and 100 in the non-abandoned ("NA") group randomly selected. The subject at risk of abandonment was a girl of less than 11 years of age with a low socio-economic level with antero-posterior and vertical skeletal dysmorphisms, a molar class II, a teeth crowding, a small aesthetic prejudice or, on the contrary, very important, complex treatment (with extractions or with surgery) and having delays or missed appointments before the installation of the orthodontic appliance. CONCLUSION Patients' motivation needs to be strengthened for both extremes: treatments that appear simple and conversely for complex cases requiring strong cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Martin
- Departement d'Orthopedie Dento-Faciale, Faculte d'Odontologie, rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Sarah Gebeile-Chauty
- Departement d'Orthopedie Dento-Faciale, Faculte d'Odontologie, rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
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Almasoud NN. Pain perception among patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances and Invisalign ® aligners during the first week of orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:326-332. [PMID: 30206531 PMCID: PMC6123079 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.5.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to compare the perception of pain between patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances and those treated with Invisalign aligners. Methods This prospective study conducted in Saudi Arabia used an estimated sample of 64 patients from a private dental clinic. After obtaining written informed consent, the patients were divided into two groups; one group (n = 32) was treated using passive self-ligating fixed appliances and the other group (n = 32) using Invisalign® aligners. Immediately after fitting the appliances, the patients' perception of pain was evaluated through a close-ended and coded self-administrated questionnaire by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Their responses were recorded at 4 hours, 24 hours, day 3, and day 7. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson's chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis. Results A lower percentage of patients treated with Invisalign aligners reported pain than did patients treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances, and these differences were statistically significant (p = 0.001). Similarly, the mean VAS score for the Invisalign group was significantly lower than that for the passive self-ligating fixed appliance group at different intervals during the first week of treatment. The intensity of pain with both appliances peaked at 24 hours (mean VAS score, 3.87) and was lowest (mean VAS score, 1.62) on day 7. Conclusions During the first week of orthodontic treatment, patients treated with Invisalign aligners reported lower pain than did those treated with passive self-ligating fixed appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif N Almasoud
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Imani MM, Jalali A, Ezzati E, Heirani Z, Dinmohammadi M. A decision-making process to undergo orthodontic treatment: a qualitative study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:2243-2251. [PMID: 30464414 PMCID: PMC6214418 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s177462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontics is a medical treatment and a rehabilitation service provided for individuals in need. Due to the high cost involved in performing this type of treatment along with the current attitude in communities toward it as a cosmetic service, it is essential to investigate the decision-making process to undergo orthodontic interventions among Iranian individuals and families. METHODS To conduct this qualitative study using grounded theory, 18 participants were selected through purposive sampling method and received semi-structured interviews each lasting 50-70 minutes. Eventually, the data were saturated after the fulfillment of 19 interviews. During the interviews, simultaneous analysis was also performed according to the method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) and then the data were analyzed within three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS Analysis of the clients' statements produced 207 codes, 22 sub-categories, and 9 main categories, including distorted mental self-image, hope to look more attractive, inappropriate interactions with family and those around, family's views toward the problem, social conditions, financial constraints, challenges in the family, as well as decision making to undergo orthodontic treatment, and finally, the main factor of hope for a better future were highlighted. CONCLUSION The results showed that the main facilitating factor was "hope for a better future" for which families could accept numerous difficulties, such as high cost and repeated follow-ups due to the importance of beauty and meeting their children's sense of satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moslem Imani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Jalali
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,
| | - Ebraheim Ezzati
- Anesthesiology Medical Department, School of Paramedical Kermanshah, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Heirani
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Al-Balbeesi HO, Bin Huraib SM, AlNahas NW, AlKawari HM, Abu-Amara AB, Vellappally S, Anil S. Pain and distress induced by elastomeric and spring separators in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:549-553. [PMID: 28032047 PMCID: PMC5184389 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.195519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate patients’ pain perception and discomfort, the duration of pain and the level of self-medication over time during tooth separation, and the effectiveness of elastomeric and spring types of orthodontic separators in Saudi population. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 30 female adolescent patients who had elastomeric/spring separators as part of their orthodontic treatment. A self-administrated questionnaire comprising 16 multiple choice questions and another with visual analog scale were used to record the patient's pain perceptions at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days from the time of insertion. The level of pain and discomfort during these time periods were assessed by a visual analog scale. After a separation period of 7 days, the amount of separation was measured with a leaf gauge. Type and frequency of analgesic consumption was also recorded. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM SPSS -Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.,) was used for statistical analysis. Results: The data showed significant increase in the level of pain at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 3 days from separator placement. The elastomeric separators produced significantly more separation than the spring separators and also caused maximum pain during the first 3 days after insertion. However, there was no significant difference between the score of pain between two separators at all time intervals. Conclusion: Both elastomeric and spring separators showed comparative levels of pain and discomfort during the early phase of separation. Elastomeric separators were found to be more effective in tooth separation than spring separators. However, further studies are necessary to substantiate this preliminary observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana O Al-Balbeesi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar M Bin Huraib
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia W AlNahas
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M AlKawari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sajith Vellappally
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Piao Y, Kim SJ, Yu HS, Cha JY, Baik HS. Five-year investigation of a large orthodontic patient population at a dental hospital in South Korea. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:137-45. [PMID: 27226959 PMCID: PMC4879316 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.3.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of orthodontic patients at Yonsei Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2012. Methods We evaluated Angle's classification from molar relationships, classification of skeletal malocclusion from the A point-nasion-B point angle, facial asymmetry, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) from the records of 7,476 patients who received an orthodontic diagnosis. The orthognathic surgery rate, extraction rate, and extraction sites were determined from the records of 4,861 treated patients. Results The patient number increased until 2010 and gradually decreased thereafter. Most patients were aged 19−39 years, with a gradual increase in patients aged ≥ 40 years. Angle's Class I, Class II divisions 1 and 2, and Class III malocclusions were observed in 27.7%, 25.6%, 10.6%, and 36.1% patients, respectively, with a gradual decrease in the frequency of Class I malocclusion. The proportion of patients with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions was 34.3%, 34.3%, and 31.4%, respectively, while the prevalence of facial asymmetry and TMDs was 11.0% and 24.9%, respectively. The orthognathic surgery rate was 18.5%, with 70% surgical patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion. The overall extraction rate among nonsurgical patients was 35.4%, and the maxillary and mandibular first premolars were the most commonly extracted teeth. Conclusions The most noticeable changes over time included a decrease in the patient number after 2010, an increase in the average patient age, and a decrease in the frequency of Angle's Class I malocclusion. Our results suggest that periodic characterization is necessary to meet the changing demands of orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Piao
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seog Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seon Baik
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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