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Fan L, Shi J, Yang X. Prunetin alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via the regulation of inflammatory response based on network pharmacology and experimental evidence. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2164359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Fan
- Department of Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Kim KI, Hossain R, Ryu J, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Regulation of the Gene Expression of Airway MUC5AC Mucin through NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Artesunate, an Antimalarial Agent. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:544-549. [PMID: 37254459 PMCID: PMC10468416 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, artesunate, an antimalarial agent, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression of airway MUC5AC mucin. The human pulmonary epithelial NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with artesunate for 30 min and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect of artesunate on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also examined. Artesunate inhibited the glycoprotein production and mRNA expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IkBα) and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest artesunate suppresses the gene expression of mucin through regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway, in human pulmonary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-il Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Patel K, Patel DK. The Potential Therapeutic Properties of Prunetin against Human Health Complications: A Review of Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities. DRUG METABOLISM AND BIOANALYSIS LETTERS 2022; 15:166-177. [PMID: 36098409 DOI: 10.2174/2949681015666220912104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found to be present in nature and abundant in flowers and fruits. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals have gained interest in the scientific field because of their important pharmacological activities. Several scientific studies have revealed anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-parasitic and anti-allergic activities of flavonoidal class phytochemicals. Prunetin is an O-methylated isoflavone that belongs to the phytochemical phytoestrogen class, found to be present in licorice, red cherry, soybean and legumes. METHODS Biological potential and pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through scientific data analysis of numerous scientific research works. Numerous literature databases have been searched in order to collect the scientific information on prunetin in the present work. Pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Scientific data have been collected from Google Scholar, Google, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Analytical data on prunetin has been collected from literature sources and analyzed in the present work. RESULTS Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin in medicine. Prunetin was found to be present in the pea, peach, Oregon cherry, skimmed cheese, cheese, cow kefir and goat kefir. Prunetin is also present in the Prunus avium, Andira surinamensis, Butea superba, Dalbergia sympathetica, Ficus nervosa, Pterospartum tridentatum and Pycnanthus angolensis. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin on bone disorders, cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, urinary bladder cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, human airway, gut health and enzymes. Scientific data analysis revealed biological effectiveness of prunetin for their angiogenic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, estrogenic and vasorelaxant potential. Analytical data revealed the importance of modern analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prunetin in the scientific fields. CONCLUSION Scientific data analysis in the present investigation revealed the biological importance and pharmacological activities of prunetin in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pardesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pardesh, India
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Chitosan-Coated Solid Lipid Nano-Encapsulation Improves the Therapeutic Antiairway Inflammation Effect of Berberine against COPD in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:8509396. [PMID: 35465190 PMCID: PMC9033382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8509396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (Ber) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that has shown therapeutic potential in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the therapeutic efficiency of Ber is restricted by its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Chitosan and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have demonstrated great abilities as delivery systems in enhancing the bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. The present study aimed to get together the biological features of SLNs with the advantages of chitosan to formulate an efficient nano-carrier platform for the oral delivery of Ber and evaluate the therapeutic effect of the prepared Ber-encapsulated nanoparticles on airway inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD rats. The Ber-encapsulated SLE-chitosan formulation was manufactured using a modified solvent-injection method followed by a homogenization process. Physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro stability and Ber release, and pharmacokinetics of the manufactured formulation were evaluated. The COPD rat model was developed by exposing animals to CS. To study the therapeutic efficiency of Ber-encapsulated SLE-chitosan nanoparticles and pure berberine, the histopathological changes of the lung tissues, levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines, and activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Ber-encapsulated SLE-chitosan showed the particle size in nano-range with high stability and controlled slow-release profile in vitro in simulated gastric (pH 1.5) and intestinal (pH 6.8) fluids. Administration of Ber-loaded SLE-chitosan nanoparticles could significantly ameliorate inflammation scores in lung tissues and reduce levels of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, Il-6, Il-17, and TNFα) in BALF when compared with the pure Ber. SLE-chitosan-based nanoparticles can strongly improve the therapeutic anti-inflammatory impact of Ber against CS-induced airway inflammation in COPD rats, suggesting the promising application of Ber-encapsulated SLN-chitosan nanoparticles for treating COPD and other inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Guo J, Xu S. Astragaloside IV suppresses histamine-induced inflammatory factors and mucin 5 subtype AC overproduction in nasal epithelial cells via regulation of inflammation-related genes. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6045-6056. [PMID: 34482800 PMCID: PMC8806810 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1965813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic allergic disease that leads to severe inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a primary active component of Astragalus membranaceus and exerts immune-regulation and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the pharmacological effect of AS-IV in the nasal epithelial cells (NECs) has not been reported. The present study aimed to assess the effect of AS-IV on inflammatory cytokines and mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) overproduction in histamine (His)-stimulated NECs and its underlying mechanism. NECs were stimulated with or without His for 24 h in the absence or presence of AS-IV. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), eotaxin, and MUC5AC were assayed. Our findings indicated that AS-IV inhibited His-evoked release and expression of inflammatory cytokines and MUC5AC in NECs. RNA-seq analyses indicated the significant changes in expression levels involved in inflammation genes upon treatment of His-induced NECs with AS-IV. Our findings indicated that AS-IV inhibited His-evoked inflammatory cytokines secretion and MUC5AC overproduction in NECs, which were partly mediated by regulation of inflammation-related genes. Therefore, our findings provided a scientific basis for the development of AS-IV as an effective agent for clinical therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang Henan, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang Henan, China
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Li X, Jin F, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Kaempferol Regulates the Expression of Airway MUC5AC Mucin Gene via IκBα-NF-κB p65 and p38-p44/42-Sp1 Signaling Pathways. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:303-310. [PMID: 33281120 PMCID: PMC8094069 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, kaempferol, a flavonoidal natural compound found in Polygonati Rhizoma, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin. A human respiratory epithelial NCI-H292 cells was pretreated with kaempferol for 30 min and stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway or EGF-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was investigated. Kaempferol suppressed the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IκBα), and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Also, kaempferol inhibited EGF-induced gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin through regulating the phosphorylation of EGFR, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (p44/42), and the nuclear expression of specificity protein-1 (Sp1). These results suggest kaempferol regulates the gene expression and production of mucin through regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengri Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Jin F, Li X, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Diclofenac Inhibits Phorbol Ester-Induced Gene Expression and Production of MUC5AC Mucin via Affecting Degradation of IkBα and Translocation of NF-kB p65 in NCI-H292 Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:431-436. [PMID: 32753566 PMCID: PMC7457166 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin. The human respiratory epithelial NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with diclofenac for 30 min and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect of diclofenac on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also investigated. Diclofenac suppressed the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IkBα) and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest diclofenac regulates the gene expression and production of mucin through regulation of NF-kB signaling pathway, in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengri Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Koreance, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Jin F, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Drug Candidates for Regulating the Secretion of Pulmonary Mucus. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:293-301. [PMID: 32133827 PMCID: PMC7327140 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersecretion of pulmonary mucus is a major pathophysiological feature in allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overproduction and/or oversecretion of mucus cause the airway obstruction and the colonization of pathogenic microbes. Developing a novel pharmacological agent to regulate the production and/or secretion of pulmonary mucus can be a useful strategy for the effective management of pathologic hypersecretion of mucus observed in COPD and asthma. Thus, in the present review, we tried to give an overview of the conventional pharmacotherapy for mucus-hypersecretory diseases and recent research results on searching for the novel candidate agents for controlling of pulmonary mucus hypersecretion, aiming to shed light on the potential efficacious pharmacotherapy of mucus-hypersecretory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengri Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Kooptiwut S, Samon K, Semprasert N, Suksri K, Yenchitsomanus PT. Prunetin Protects Against Dexamethasone-Induced Pancreatic Β-Cell Apoptosis via Modulation of p53 Signaling Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20916328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term administration of dexamethasone results in insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Prunetin (an O-methylated isoflavone, a type of flavonoid) is demonstrated to protect diabetes, but the molecular mechanism of this protection is still unclear. This study thus aims to investigate how prunetin protects against dexamethasone-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells were cultured in medium with or without dexamethasone in the presence or absence of prunetin or pifithrin-α, a p53 inhibitor. Cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Dexamethasone significantly induced INS-1 apoptosis but dexamethasone plus prunetin significantly reduced INS-1 apoptosis. Dexamethasone-treated INS-1 upregulated p53 protein expression; the induction of p53 was also reduced in the presence of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibitor. This suggested that dexamethasone induced P53 via GR. Dexamethasone-treated INS-1 significantly increased p53, Bax, and Rb protein expressions, whereas treatments of dexamethasone plus prunetin or pifithrin-α significantly decreased these protein expressions. In addition, dexamethasone significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), while dexamethasone plus prunetin or pifithrin-α significantly increased Bcl2. Dexamethasone significantly increased caspase-3 activity while co-treatment of dexamethasone plus prunetin or pifithrin-α significantly decreased caspase-3 activity to the control level. Taken together, our results revealed that prunetin protected against dexamethasone-induced pancreatic β-cells apoptosis via modulation of the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Samon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Namoiy Semprasert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Suksri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kim MJ, Choi YA, Lee S, Choi JK, Kim YY, Kim EN, Jeong GS, Shin TY, Jang YH, Kim SH. Prunus serrulata var. spontanea inhibits mast cell activation and mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112484. [PMID: 31843576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A promising approach to treat a variety of diseases are considered as complementary and alternative herbal medicines. Prunus serrulata var. spontanea L. (Rosaceae) is used as herbal medicine to treat allergic diseases according to the Donguibogam, a tradition medical book of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. AIM OF THE STUDY We prepared the aqueous extract of the bark of P. serrulata (AEBPS) and aimed to investigate the effects in mouse anaphylaxis models and various types of mast cells, including RBL-2H3, primary cultured peritoneal and bone marrow-derived mast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used ovalbumin (OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models, in vivo. The control drug dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) was used to compare the effectiveness of AEBPS (1-100 mg/kg). In vitro, IgE-stimulated mast cells were used to confirm the role of AEBPS (1-100 μg/mL). For statistical analyses, p values less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. RESULTS In ASA model, oral administration of AEBPS suppressed the hypothermia and increased level of serum histamine in a dose-dependent manner. AEBPS attenuated the serum IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and interleukin (IL)-4. Oral administration of AEBPS also blocked mast cell-dependent PCA. AEBPS suppressed degranulation of mast cells by reducing intracellular calcium level in mast cells. AEBPS inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-4 expression and secretion in a concentration-dependent manner through the reduction of nuclear factor-κB. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these findings, AEBPS could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the management of mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and as a regulator of mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jong Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Choi
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeon-Yong Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Hu H, Li H. Prunetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production and MUC5AC expression by inactivating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in human nasal epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1469-1477. [PMID: 30119221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Prunetin is an O-methylated isoflavone, which has been found to possess anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of prunetin on inflammatory cytokine and mucus production and its underlying mechanism in nasal epithelial cells. Results showed that treatment with prunetin (10, 30, and 50 μM) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and mucin 5 AC (MUC5 AC) in RPMI2650 cells, and attenuated the effect of LPS on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) expression. TAK-242 (an inhibitor of TLR4) treatment or TLR4 knockdown attenuated LPS-induced expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and MUC5 AC. In conclusion, prunetin inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and MUC5 AC expression and secretion by inactivating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in human nasal epithelial cells. These results suggested that prunetin might be a useful agent in the treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, People's Republic of China
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Udayangani RMC, Dananjaya SHS, Nikapitiya C, Heo GJ, Lee J, De Zoysa M. Metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota and immune modulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed chitosan silver nanocomposites. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:173-184. [PMID: 28479399 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of chitosan silver nanocomposites (CAgNCs) supplemented diet on gut microbial community, goblet cell density, gut morphometry and mRNA expression of immune related and mucin encoding genes in zebrafish. Zebrafish gut microbiota analysis results clearly showed the reduction of phylum Proteobacteria. However, they remained as the major bacterial group in gut with CAgNCs supplemented diet, while the abundance of phylum Fusobacteria and phylum Bacteroidetes were increased notably compared to the control diet fed fish. Total goblet cell density was significantly increased at 30 and 60 days in CAgNCs supplemented group (1.6-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively) compared to the control group indicating enhanced immune function in the gut. CAgNCs supplementation has also increased villi height significantly in the zebrafish mid gut at the end of 30 (95.5 ± 3.7 μm) and 60 days (144.40 ± 4.8 μm) compared to control diet fed fish at 30 (86.90 ± 3.7 μm) and 60 days (96.2 ± 4.8 μm). Furthermore, mRNA expression of immune related genes such as TNF-α (6.2-fold), IL-10 (5.0-fold), IL-12 (9.2-fold), IRF-1 (5.2-fold), Defbl1 (3-fold), Lyz (5.1-fold) and mucin encoding genes were significantly upregulated (above 2-fold) compared to that of control group. The current study revealed that CAgNCs supplemented diet engenders promising effects on fish gut immunity by enhancing beneficial microbial populations, goblet cell density, villi length, and transcriptional regulation of immune related and mucin encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M C Udayangani
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Poachanukoon O, Koontongkaew S, Monthanapisut P, Pattanacharoenchai N. Mometasone Furoate Suppresses PMA-Induced MUC-5AC and MUC-2 Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2016; 80:60-68. [PMID: 28119748 PMCID: PMC5256341 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.80.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus hypersecretion from airway epithelium is a characteristic feature of airway inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) regulates mucin synthesis. Glucocorticoids including mometasone fuorate (MF) have been used to attenuate airway inflammation. However, effects of MF on mucin production have not been reported. METHODS Effects of MF and budesonide (BUD) on the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induction of mucin and TNF-α in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated in the present study. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with PMA (200 nM) for 2 hours. Subsequently, the cells were stimulated with MF (1-500 ng/mL) or BUD (21.5 ng/mL) for 8 hours. Dexamethasone (1 µg/mL) was used as the positive control. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine MUC2 and MUC5AC mRNA levels. The level of total mucin, MUC2, MUC5AC, and TNF-α in culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS MF and BUD significantly suppressed MUC2 and MUC5AC gene expression in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. The inhibitory effects of the two steroid drugs were also observed in the production of total mucin, MUC2 and MUC5AC proteins, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that MF and BUD attenuated mucin and TNF-α production in PMA-induced human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapan Poachanukoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittichai Koontongkaew
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paopanga Monthanapisut
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Napaporn Pattanacharoenchai
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Nam DC, Kim BK, Lee HJ, Shin HD, Lee CJ, Hwang SC. Effects of prunetin on the proteolytic activity, secretion and gene expression of MMP-3 in vitro and production of MMP-3 in vivo. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:221-8. [PMID: 26937219 PMCID: PMC4770113 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether prunetin affects the proteolytic activity, secretion, and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes, as well as in vivo production of MMP-3 in the rat knee joint to evaluate the potential chondroprotective eff ect of prunetin. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), and ADAMTS-5. In rabbit articular chondrocytes, the effects of prunetin on IL-1β-induced secretion and proteolytic activity of MMP-3 were investigated using western blot analysis and casein zymography, respectively. The eff ect of prunetin on MMP-3 protein production was also examined in vivo. The results were as follows: (1) prunetin inhibited the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5; (2) prunetin inhibited the secretion and proteolytic activity of MMP-3; (3) prunetin suppressed the production of MMP-3 protein in vivo. These results suggest that prunetin can regulate the gene expression, secretion, and proteolytic activity of MMP-3, by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Cheol Nam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Bo Kun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dae Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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Wang W, Shao S, Wang S. The role for human nasal epithelial nuclear factor kappa B activation in histamine-induced mucin 5 subtype B overproduction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 6:264-70. [PMID: 26574733 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin 5 subtype B (MUC5B) is 1 of the major mucins secreted by airway epithelial cells. We sought to determine the effect of histamine on MUC5B expression in human nasal epithelial cells. METHODS Human nasal epithelial cells from allergic rhinitis patients were cultured, and stimulated with 4 concentrations of histamine, or pretreated with a specific nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor (Bay11-7082) before histamine stimulation. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha (p-IκBα), NF-κBp65 and MUC5B protein. MUC5B content in supernatants was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Histamine promoted IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. A concentration-dependent histamine-induced increase of MUC5B protein was observed, and its content in supernatants was upregulated in a concentration-dependent fashion, but these effects were attenuated by Bay11-7082. CONCLUSION Histamine activated the IκBα/NF-κB pathway by promoting IκBα phosphorylation and inducing NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation, contributing to MUC5B overproduction and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Schools of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, China
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Schools of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Schools of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, China
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16
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Lee SU, Sung MH, Ryu HW, Lee J, Kim HS, In HJ, Ahn KS, Lee HJ, Lee HK, Shin DH, Lee Y, Hong ST, Oh SR. Verproside inhibits TNF-α-induced MUC5AC expression through suppression of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in human airway epithelial cells. Cytokine 2015; 77:168-75. [PMID: 26318254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.08.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Airway mucus secretion is an essential innate immune response for host protection. However, overproduction and hypersecretion of mucus, mainly composed of MUC5AC, are significant risk factors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Previously, we reported that verproside, a catalpol derivative iridoid glycoside isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum, is a potent anti-asthmatic candidate drug in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of verproside remain unknown. Here, we found that verproside significantly reduces the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced MUC5AC mRNA and protein by inhibiting both nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and the phosphorylation of its upstream effectors such as IκB kinase (IKK)β, IκBα, and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in NCI-H292 cells. Moreover, verproside attenuated TNF-α-induced MUC5AC transcription more effectively when combined with an IKK (BAY11-7082) or a TAK1 (5z-7-oxozeaenol) inhibitor than when administered alone. Importantly, we demonstrated that verproside negatively modulates the formation of the TNF-α-receptor (TNFR) 1 signaling complex [TNF-RSC; TNFR1-recruited TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), and TAK1], the most upstream signaling factor of NF-κB signaling. In silico molecular docking studies show that verproside binds between TRADD and TRAF2 subunits. Altogether, these results suggest that verproside could be a good therapeutic candidate for treatment of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD by blocking the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Sung
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Seong Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju In
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Shin
- Central R&D Institute, Yungjin Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongnam Lee
- Central R&D Institute, Yungjin Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Guseong-Dong, Yusong-Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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Xu D, Wan C, Wang T, Tian P, Li D, Wu Y, Fan S, Chen L, Shen Y, Wen F. Berberine attenuates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:8641-8647. [PMID: 26309516 PMCID: PMC4538094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammationmucus over-production is one of the most important pathogenic features of chronic airway diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine, a plant alkaloid with strong anti-inflammatory property, on cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucushypersecretion in mice. Mice with exposure to cigarette smoke wereintraperitonealy injected with berberin (5, 10 mg/kg·d). Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by ELISA.Lung tissue was examined for histopathological lesions and goblet cell hyperplasia. The expression of signaling proteins in lung tissue, ERK and P38 were detected using Western Blot. Cigarette smoke exposure significantly increased the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and it also induced goblet cell hyperplasiaand the expression of mucin-5ac in the airway of mice. Pretreatment of berberineinhibited cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucus production. Cigarette smoke exposure also increased the expression of ERK and P38, meanwhile, berberineintervention can inhibit such changes. In summary, berberine inhibits cigarette smoke exposure-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice, which may partly act through inhibition of ERK and P38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Panwen Tian
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Diandian Li
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siyi Fan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongchun Shen
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, China
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Adalimumab Treatment in Biologically Naïve Crohn's Disease: Relationship with Ectopic MUC5AC Expression and Endoscopic Improvement. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:687257. [PMID: 24829572 PMCID: PMC4009194 DOI: 10.1155/2014/687257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Adalimumab (ADA) is effective for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, there have been few reports on ADA therapy with respect to its relationship with pathologic findings and drug efficacy in biologically naïve CD cases. Methods. Fifteen patients with active biologically naïve CD were treated with ADA. We examined them clinically and pathologically with ectopic MUC5AC expression in the lesions before and after 12 and 52 weeks of ADA therapy, retrospectively. Results. Both mean CD activity index scores and serum C-reactive protein values were significantly lower after ADA therapy (P < 0.001). In the MUC5AC negative group, all cases exhibited clinical remission (CR) and endoscopic improvement at 52 weeks. In MUC5AC positive groups, loss of MUC5AC expression was detected in cases having CR and endoscopic improvement at 52 weeks, while remnant ectopic MUC5AC expression was observed in those exhibiting no endoscopic improvement and flare up after 52 weeks. Conclusions. ADA leads to CR and endoscopic improvement in biologically naïve CD cases. In addition, ectopic MUC5AC expression may be a predictive marker of flare up and endoscopic improvement in the intestines of CD patients.
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