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Kim EM, Yun CS, Bae YC, Lee H, Moon BY, Lee K, Jeoung HY, Ku BK, Kim J. Case report: Pathology, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of bovine abortion cases caused by Nocardia farcinica in Korean native cattle. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1407634. [PMID: 39234171 PMCID: PMC11373135 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1407634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nocardia farcinica is an opportunistic bacterium that causes bovine mastitis and pulmonary, cutaneous, and central nervous system infections in humans. Bovine abortion caused by N. farcinica has been sporadically reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pathological findings of bovine abortions caused by N. farcinica in the Republic of Korea and determine the antimicrobial resistance and genotypical characteristics of N. farcinica isolates. Case presentation Three cases of bovine abortions were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for differential diagnosis. Grossly, one fetus showed severe lung consolidation following palpation of the entire lobes. Histologically, necrotizing granulomatous interstitial pneumonia was observed in all fetuses; a fetus with a gross lesion demonstrated necrotizing lymphadenitis in the mesenteric lymph nodes and necrotizing dermatitis in the ear. N. farcinica isolates were isolated from the abomasal contents and lungs of all fetuses. Finally, two cases were diagnosed as abortions due to N. farcinica, and one was diagnosed as an N. farcinica abortion coinfected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. According to the multilocus sequence analysis, all isolates were identified as N. farcinica and were determined to be genetically related to isolates from humans. Two N. farcinica isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which is recommended as the first treatment for human nocardial infections. Conclusion This is the first pathological report of bovine abortion caused by N. farcinica in the Republic of Korea. Further studies are needed to phenotypically and genotypically characterize N. farcinica isolates with various sources and continuously monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Sun Yun
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chan Bae
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichan Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Tan Y, Yang M, Wan C, Tang S, Liu L, Chen L. Nocardia farcinica infection presenting as a solitary bronchial neoplasm in an immunocompetent adult: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1337303. [PMID: 38274454 PMCID: PMC10809415 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1337303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nocardia species are gram-positive, acid-fast, saprophytic, aerobic bacilli, predominantly resulting in opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we reported a case of Nocardia infection in a 27-year-old woman with normal immunocompetence, who presented as a solitary neoplasm in the left principal bronchus with a chief complaint of postural dyspnea. By electrotomy via bronchoscopy, the neoplasm was successfully removed, and it was further identified as Nocardia farcinica by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 363 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kim S, Shi HJ, Jeon CH, Kim SB, Yi J, Kim AR, Kim KH, Lim S. Clinical Characteristics of Nocardiosis: a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Korea. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:431-440. [PMID: 37674336 PMCID: PMC10771949 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition. It is difficult to diagnose, and bacterial culture identification can be time consuming. We investigated the characteristics of nocardiosis and the suitability of the treatment approach in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at 5 medical institutions between 2011 and 2021. We reviewed the medical records of patients with microbiologically confirmed nocardiosis. Appropriate antibiotic selection was defined as follows: (1) selecting antibiotics according to the species, (2) if the species of Nocardia was unknown, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-based therapy or linezolid-based therapy was administered, and (3) selection of antibiotics using the antibiotic susceptibility test. The appropriate treatment periods for antibiotics were defined as treatment maintained from 3 to 12 months, depending on involvement of the organs. Descriptive analysis and Fisher exact test were used. Statistical significance was set at P-values of <0.05. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 18 (60.0%) were male. The median age was 70.5 years. Among the diagnosed patients, 12 (40.0%) had an immunocompromised status. Eight (30.0%) patients received optimal treatment for the appropriate treatment period. Appropriate dosing duration was observed in 3 of the 12 (25.0%) immunocompromised patients. There was no significant difference between the presence or absence of immunosuppression and the adequacy of treatment for nocardiosis (P = 1.000). Skin and soft tissue (14 patients) were most frequently involved in this study. Nocardia species (spp.) were isolated from culture at a median of 6.0 days. There were 7 cases with N. farcinica (23.3%). CONCLUSION We found that 60.0% of the patients with nocardiosis did not have an immunocompromised status. Further, 26.7% of the total patients received adequate treatment for nocardiosis. The reasons for suboptimal management of nocardiosis in Korea are presumed to be diagnostic difficulties, lack of awareness about nocardiosis, and difficulties in selecting antibiotics for Nocardia spp. among clinicians. The lack of antibiotic susceptibility tests for Nocardia spp. could be the source of these problems. Nocardiosis should be suspected in cases of recurrent infections with skin and soft tissue, musculoskeletal, or respiratory system involvement with or without an immunocompromised status. Clinical microbiological support is required for the diagnosis and selection of antibiotics in Korea. High clinical index of suspicion and clinical microbiological support are required for the accurate diagnosis of nocardiosis in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheon-Hoo Jeon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sun Bean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - A Reum Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kye-Hyung Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
| | - Seungjin Lim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Su X, Chen L, Zhuang Z, Zhang Y, Lin X, Huang J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Wu W. Large mediastinal mass diagnosed as Nocardia infection by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a ceramic worker: A case report. Front Surg 2023; 9:983074. [PMID: 36684137 PMCID: PMC9852504 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.983074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nocardia is a ubiquitous soil saprophyte transmitted through airborne or direct cutaneous inoculation routes. Although Nocardia is more common in immunocompromised patients, Nocardia may also arise in apparently immunocompetent patients. Case presentation We report a rare case of Nocardia infection presenting as a large mediastinal mass in an immunocompetent ceramic worker. A 54-year-old man with no previous history of immune dysfunction, a ceramic worker by profession, was referred and admitted to our hospital because of a persistent fever for 19 days. Chest CT showed a large middle mediastinal mass. However, conventional anti-infective treatment was ineffective. Under the guidance of the Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) system, he underwent Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The purulent exudate obtained by EBUS-TBNA was further identified as Nocardia by weak acid-fast and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). He was subsequently treated with intravenous imipenem/amikacin, switched to intravenous imipenem and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and the clinical symptoms were significantly improved. Conclusions Even in immunocompetent patients, Nocardiosis cannot be excluded. For the public, especially soil contact workers, precautions should be taken to avoid Nocardia infection from occupational exposure. This rare case may provide a diagnosis and treatment reference for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zesen Zhuang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Quanzhou Jinjiang Anhai Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huaping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China,Correspondence: Weijing Wu
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Kolland M, Zitta S, Hassler EM, Kriegl L, Zollner-Schwetz I, Rosenkranz AR, Kirsch AH. Nodular subcutaneous infiltrates in a kidney transplant recipient: lessons from a case. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1919-1922. [PMID: 35616878 PMCID: PMC9133818 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kolland
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabine Zitta
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Hassler
- Division Neuroradiology, Vascular, and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Kriegl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Zollner-Schwetz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R Rosenkranz
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H Kirsch
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036, Graz, Austria
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Lee EK, Kim J, Park DH, Lee CK, Kim SB, Sohn JW, Yoon YK. Disseminated nocardiosis caused by Nocardia farcinica in a patient with colon cancer: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26682. [PMID: 34398037 PMCID: PMC8294930 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nocardiosis is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening infection that usually affects immunocompromised hosts. No clinical guidelines have been established for managing this rare disease, and the optimal treatment modality remains unclear. Nocardia farcinica, a relatively infrequent pathogen of nocardiosis, causes a clinically aggressive infection. In addition to our patient data, our search of the literature for patients who presented with empyema caused by N. farcinica will provide fundamental information for optimal treatment modalities. PATIENT CONCERNS A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with empyema, 4 days following surgery for sigmoid colon cancer. Brain lesions were evaluated only after N. farcinica was isolated and identified as the causative pathogen through repeated culture tests. DIAGNOSES N. farcinica was isolated from the pleural effusion and confirmed as the pathogen through 16S rRNA sequencing. INTERVENTIONS The patient was successfully treated with tube thoracotomy, neurosurgical evacuation, and a combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus imipenem. Long-term antibiotic therapy was required to prevent recurrence. OUTCOMES Pyothorax showed a good clinical response to antimicrobial therapy and drainage of pleural effusion, whereas brain abscess did not respond to medical therapy and required surgery. The patient eventually recovered and continued chemotherapy as treatment for sigmoid colon cancer. LESSONS Although extremely rare, this report demonstrates the importance of considering Nocardia infection as the differential diagnosis in immunocompromised patients who present with empyema. In particular, because of the N. farcinica infection's tendency to spread and the resistance of the organism to antibiotics, aggressive evaluation of metastatic lesions and standardized support from microbiological laboratories are important. Surgery may be required in some patients with brain abscesses to improve the chance of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Kyum Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Bean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Wook Sohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Grond SE, Schaller A, Kalinowski A, Tyler KA, Jha P. Nocardia farcinica Brain Abscess in an Immunocompetent Host With Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e11494. [PMID: 33354440 PMCID: PMC7744209 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old immunocompetent male presented with new-onset seizures and acute respiratory failure requiring intubation and a stay in the medical intensive care unit. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed ring-enhancing lesions, and Computed Tomography (CT) chest showed ground-glass opacity. The patient underwent craniotomy and bronchoscopy, followed by culture of the purulent aspirate from lesions in the brain and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). After extensive infectious workup, the patient was diagnosed with a Nocardia farcinica brain abscess plus underlying pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Based on a recommendation from an infectious disease expert, the patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). This case highlights the importance of understanding that, though rare, infections such as nocardiosis can present in immunocompetent patients and cause severe morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Grond
- Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pinky Jha
- Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, USA
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Martínez-Barricarte R. Isolated Nocardiosis, an Unrecognized Primary Immunodeficiency? Front Immunol 2020; 11:590239. [PMID: 33193422 PMCID: PMC7606290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardiosis is an infectious disease caused by the gram-positive bacterium Nocardia spp. Although it is commonly accepted that exposure to Nocardia is almost universal, only a small fraction of exposed individuals develop the disease, while the vast majority remain healthy. Nocardiosis has been described as an "opportunistic" disease of immunocompromised patients, suggesting that exposure to the pathogen is necessary, but a host predisposition is also required. Interestingly, increasing numbers of nocardiosis cases in individuals without any detected risk factors, i.e., without overt immunodeficiency, are being reported. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence have shown that selective susceptibility to a specific pathogen can be caused by a primary immunodeficiency (PID). This raises the question of whether an undiagnosed PID may cause nocardiosis affecting otherwise healthy individuals. This review summarizes the specific clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with isolated nocardiosis published during the past 30 years. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the known human immune mechanisms to fend off Nocardia spp. obtained from the study of PIDs and patients under immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez-Barricarte
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Radiological findings in patients with nocardiosis: A case series and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ji X, Tan X, Hou X, Si C, Xu S, Tang L, Yuan X, Li Z. Cloning, Expression, Invasion, and Immunological Reactivity of a Mammalian Cell Entry Protein Encoded by the mce1 Operon of Nocardia farcinica. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:281. [PMID: 28275374 PMCID: PMC5319979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial mammalian cell entry (Mce) proteins have been implicated in pathogen invasion of mammalian host cells. The aim of this study was to examine the invasion-conferring ability of mce1E operon-encoded proteins, in vivo expression of Mce1E in cells from infected mice and rabbits, and Mce1E immunogenicity. Nocardia farcinica mce1E was cloned into pet30a(+) vectors, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. Invasion assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunoblots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of cytokines were conducted. TEM confirmed the invasion of HeLa cells by Mce1E-coated beads. The antigenicity of E. coli-expressed recombinant Mce1E was confirmed in immunoblots with sera from N. farcinica-infected mouse and rabbit sera. Co-incubation of Mce1E with splenocytes of N. farcinica-infected mice demonstrated upregulation of interferon (IFN-γ), but not interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10, in the cultural supernatant. These findings demonstrate that Mce1E may facilitate N. farcinica interactions with and invasion of mammalian cells. Notably, Mce1E are expressed and elicited antibody responses in mice and rabbits during infection. Besides, it may play a role in cell-mediated immune reactions and cause host inflammation responses to N. farcinica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoluo Tan
- Office of Emergency Response, Chenzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionChenzhou, China; School of Public Health, University of South ChinaHengyang, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Si
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Yuan
- School of Public Health, University of South China Hengyang, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
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Liu C, Feng M, Zhu J, Tao Y, Kang M, Chen L. Severe pneumonia due to Nocardia otitidiscaviarum identified by mass spectroscopy in a cotton farmer: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6526. [PMID: 28353613 PMCID: PMC5380297 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nocardia species are aerobic saprophytic bacilli. Among Nocardia species, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (N otitidiscaviarum) is rarely reported in pulmonary infection. PATIENT CONCERNS We reported a case of N otitidiscaviarum pneumonia in a cotton farmer. DIAGNOSES N otitidiscaviarum pneumonia was identified by mass spectroscopy. INTERVENTIONS Combined treatments (amikacin, imipenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) were administered after identification of N otitidiscaviarum. OUTCOMES The patient eventually died from severe respiratory insufficiency in the hospital. LESSONS Early precise diagnosis and prompt combined therapy are of vital importance in severe Nocardia pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Mei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
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