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Lagosz-Cwik KB, Wielento A, Lipska W, Kantorowicz M, Darczuk D, Kaczmarzyk T, Gibbs S, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. hTERT-immortalized gingival fibroblasts respond to cytokines but fail to mimic primary cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10770. [PMID: 34031466 PMCID: PMC8144196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In periodontitis, gingival fibroblasts (GFs) interact with and respond to oral pathogens, significantly contributing to perpetuation of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the recently released hTERT-immortalized GF (TIGF) cell line for studies of host–pathogen interactions. We show that TIGFs are unable to upregulate expression and production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 upon infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis despite being susceptible to adhesion and invasion by this oral pathogen. In contrast, induction of inflammatory mediators in TNFα- or IL-1β-stimulated TIGFs is comparable to that observed in primary GFs. The inability of TIGFs to respond directly to P. gingivalis is caused by a specific defect in Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) expression, which is likely driven by TLR2 promoter hypermethylation. Consistently, TIGFs fail to upregulate inflammatory genes in response to the TLR2 agonists Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4. These results identify important limitations of using TIGFs to study GF interaction with oral pathogens, though these cells may be useful for studies of TLR2-independent processes. Our observations also emphasize the importance of direct comparisons between immortalized and primary cells prior to using cell lines as models in studies of any biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Lagosz-Cwik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wielento
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Lipska
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Darczuk
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. .,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Rizo-Gorrita M, Herráez-Galindo C, Torres-Lagares D, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Gutiérre-Pérez JL. Biocompatibility of Polymer and Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials with Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091446. [PMID: 31484458 PMCID: PMC6780389 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Four polymer and ceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials from different manufacturers (VITA CAD-Temp (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), Celtra Duo (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic, ZLS), IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate (LS2)), and VITA YZ (yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP)) were tested to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and collagen type I secretions on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). A total of 160 disc-shaped samples (Ø: 10 ± 2 mm; h: 2 mm) were milled from commercial blanks and blocks. Direct-contact cytotoxicity assays were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h, and collagen type I (COL1) secretions were analysed by cell-based ELISA at 24 and 72 h. Both experiments revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). At 24 and 48 h of contact, cytotoxic potential was observed for all materials. Later, at 72 h, all groups reached biologically acceptable levels. LS2 showed the best results regarding cell viability and collagen secretion in all of the time evaluations, while Y-TZP and ZLS revealed intermediate results, and PMMA exhibited the lowest values in both experiments. At 72 h, all groups showed sharp decreases in COL1 secretion regarding the 24-h values. According to the results obtained and the limitations of the present in vitro study, it may be concluded that the ceramic materials revealed a better cell response than the polymers. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to consolidate these findings and thus extrapolate the results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rizo-Gorrita
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Cristina Herráez-Galindo
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - José-Luis Gutiérre-Pérez
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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Dahake PT, Panpaliya NP, Kale YJ, Dadpe MV, Kendre SB, Bogar C. Response of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to three bioinductive materials - An in vitro experimental study. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:43-51. [PMID: 31920278 PMCID: PMC6950838 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cells have unmatched capacity and potential for regeneration and when used alone or in combination with scaffolds to replace or repair damaged cells, can differentiate into any mature cell. Aim To evaluate the functional differentiation potential of EMD (Enamel Matrix Derivative), MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) and Biodentine on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED). Objective To determine functional differentiation potential (osteogenic/odontogenic) of various biomaterials on SHED. Material and method SHED derived from 5th linear passage after sub-culturing were treated with EMD, MTA and Biodentine individually and their effect on cell viability was compared and evaluated by MTT (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay for 7 days. Alizarin red S staining was used to assess mineralization potential of these materials by the staining calcium deposits for 14 days. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Post hoc Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Results It was observed that EMD imparted the highest cell viability at the end of 7 days (p < 0.001) followed by Biodentine and MTA. Likewise EMD showed highest potential to enhanced mineralization and expression of dentine sialoprotein (p < 0.001) followed by Biodentine and MTA at the end of 14 days (p<0.001). Conclusion It can be concluded that all the tested materials are bioinductive to SHED. EMD can be used for various vital pulp therapies as that of Biodentine and MTA with predictable as well as enhanced success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikita P Panpaliya
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh J Kale
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh V Dadpe
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant B Kendre
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetana Bogar
- Central Research Laboratory, MMNGH Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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The impact of collagen membranes on 3D gingival fibroblast toroids. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:48. [PMID: 30902089 PMCID: PMC6429709 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development in guided tissue regeneration requires biomaterial testing. 3D cell constructs represent a new approach to bridge the gap between cell culture and animal models. Following the hypothesis that attachment behavior of cells could be observed in toroidal 3D cell constructs, the aim of this study was to evaluate 3D gingival fibroblast (GF) toroids as a simple and feasible in vitro assay to test attachment of oral fibroblasts to collagen membranes. Methods 3D ring-like structures (toroids) were formed from human GF. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed with formed GF toroids. Produced GF toroids were seeded onto plastic surfaces or collagen membranes. The morphology was documented at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after seeding with light and fluorescence microscopy. Toroid vitality was assessed at same time points with a resazurin-based toxicity assay. Results GF showed normal morphology in toroid hematoxylin-eosin staining. Over 72 h, GF toroids on plastic surfaces stayed unchanged, while GF toroids on collagen membranes showed dilatation. GF toroids on plastic surfaces and collagen membranes were metabolically active over the observed period. Conclusions Depending on the surface material, 3D GF toroids show different attachment behavior. Thus, GF toroids are suitable as simple assay to study attachment behavior to various biomaterials.
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Rhodoptilometrin, a Crinoid-Derived Anthraquinone, Induces Cell Regeneration by Promoting Wound Healing and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030138. [PMID: 30818790 PMCID: PMC6470796 DOI: 10.3390/md17030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival recession (GR) potentially leads to the exposure of tooth root to the oral cavity microenvironment and increases susceptibility to dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and other dental diseases. Even though many etiological factors were reported, the specific mechanism of GR is yet to be elucidated. Given the species richness concerning marine biodiversity, it could be a treasure trove for drug discovery. In this study, we demonstrate the effects of a marine compound, (+)-rhodoptilometrin from crinoid, on gingival cell migration, wound healing, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Experimental results showed that (+)-rhodoptilometrin can significantly increase wound healing, migration, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast cells, and it does not have effects on oral mucosa fibroblast cells. In addition, (+)-rhodoptilometrin increases the gene and protein expression levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fibronectin, and type I collagen, changes the intracellular distribution of FAK and F-actin, and increases OXPHOS and the expression levels of complexes I~V in the mitochondria. Based on our results, we believe that (+)-rhodoptilometrin might increase FAK expression and promote mitochondrial function to affect cell migration and promote gingival regeneration. Therefore, (+)-rhodoptilometrin may be a promising therapeutic agent for GR.
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Rizo-Gorrita M, Luna-Oliva I, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. Comparison of Cytomorphometry and Early Cell Response of Human Gingival Fibroblast (HGFs) between Zirconium and New Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramics (ZLS). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2718. [PMID: 30208663 PMCID: PMC6164961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (ZLS) could be a viable alternative to zirconium (Y-TZP) in the manufacture of implantological abutments-especially in aesthetic cases-due to its good mechanical, optical, and biocompatibility properties. Although there are several studies on the ZLS mechanical properties, there are no studies regarding proliferation, spreading, or cytomorphometry. We designed the present study which compares the surface, cellular proliferation, and cellular morphology between Y-TZP (Vita YZ® T [Vita Zahnfabrik (Postfach, Germany)]) and ZLS (Celtra® Duo [Degudent (Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany)]). The surface characterization was performed with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical profilometry. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were subsequently cultured on both materials and early cellular response and cell morphology were compared through nuclear and cytoskeletal measurement parameters using confocal microscopy. The results showed greater proliferation and spreading on the surface of Y-TZP. This could indicate that Y-TZP continues to be a gold standard in terms of transgingival implant material: Nevertheless, more in vitro and in vivo research is necessary to confirm the results obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rizo-Gorrita
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Irene Luna-Oliva
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - José-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seville University, Calle de Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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Nakajima K, Odatsu T, Shinohara A, Baba K, Shibata Y, Sawase T. Effects of cleaning methods for custom abutment surfaces on gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:533-539. [PMID: 29279567 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for cleaning implant abutments made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing techniques and to investigate the effect of decontamination in vitro. Briefly, a newly developed reagent (PK) and/or vacuum plasma (Plasma) were used to clean the surfaces of zirconia disks, and the effects of this decontamination were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured on sample disks for 6, 24, and 48 h. We evaluated cell attachment and gene expression of the acute inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, and type 1 collagen. In the PK and PK+Plasma groups, surface contaminants were reduced by washing. In addition, HGF attachments was increased in the PK and PK+Plasma groups. Gene expressions of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A were lower at 6 h. Gene expression of type 1 collagen was increased at all time points after seeding. These results suggest that decontamination of implant abutment surfaces is important in initial HGF attachment and may improve the biological seal of peri-implant soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Tetsurou Odatsu
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Ayano Shinohara
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Koumei Baba
- Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki.,Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University
| | - Yasuaki Shibata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Human gingival fibroblast response to enamel matrix derivative, porcine recombinant 21.3-kDa amelogenin and 5.3-kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide. Hum Cell 2017; 30:181-191. [PMID: 28470386 PMCID: PMC5486862 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) containing a variety of protein fractions has been used for periodontal tissue regeneration. It is suggested that the proteins contained in EMD positively influence gingival fibroblasts migration and proliferation. Effects of EMD as well as of porcine recombinated 21.3-kDa amelogenin (prAMEL) and 5.3-kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (prTRAP) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1, ATCC; USA) cell line were investigated. Real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence system; Roche Applied Science) was performed to determine the effects of EMD, prAMEL and prTRAP (12.5–50 μg/mL) on HGF-1 cell proliferation and migration. The effect of treatment on cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry. EMD significantly increased HGF-1 cell proliferation after 24- and 48-h incubation. Individually, prAMEL and prTRAP also increased HGF-1 cell proliferation; however, the difference was significant only for prAMEL 50 µg/mL. prAMEL and TRAP significantly increased HGF-1 cell migration after 60- and 72-h incubation. Cell cycle analysis showed significant decrease of the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a buildup of cells in the S and M phase observed after EMD and prAMEL stimulation. This process was ligand and concentration-dependent. The various molecular components in the enamel matrix derivative might contribute to the reported effects on gingival tissue regeneration; however, biologic effects of prAMEL and prTRAP individually were different from that of EMD.
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Meza-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Álvarez O, Acosta-Torres L, de la Fuente-Hernández J, García-Contreras R. Fibroblast response to initial attachment and proliferation on titanium and zirconium surfaces. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2016.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials with Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs). Dent Mater 2016; 32:1152-64. [PMID: 27402299 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials constitute an innovative class of CAD-CAM materials offering promising perspectives in prosthodontics, but no data are available in the literature regarding their biological properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of PICNs with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in comparison with materials typically used for implant prostheses and abutments. METHODS HGF attachment, proliferation and spreading on discs made of PICN, grade V titanium (Ti), yttrium zirconia (Zi), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (eM) and polytetrafluoroethylene (negative control), were evaluated using a specific insert-based culture system (IBS-R). Sample surface properties were characterized by XPS, contact angle measurement, profilometry and SEM. RESULTS Ti and Zi gave the best results regarding HGF viability, morphology, number and coverage increase with time in comparison with the negative control, while PICN and eM gave intermediate results, cell spreading being comparable for PICN, Ti, Zi and eM. Despite the presence of polymers and their related hydrophobicity, PICN exhibited comparable results to glass-ceramic materials, which could be explained by the mode of polymerization of the monomers. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study confirm that the currently employed materials, i.e. Ti and Zi, can be considered to be the gold standard of materials in terms of HGF behavior, while PICN gave intermediate results comparable to eM. The impact of the present in vitro results needs to be further investigated clinically, particularly in the view of the utilization of PICNs for prostheses on bone-level implants.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jing D, Shuang Y, Miron RJ. Enamel matrix derivative improves gingival fibroblast cell behavior cultured on titanium surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:685-95. [PMID: 26269319 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although an extensive amount of research has demonstrated the positive effects of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on soft tissue wound healing around intrabony defects, little information is available describing its effect on peri-implant soft tissues, an area that has recently gained tremendous awareness due to the increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of EMD when gingival fibroblasts were cultured on titanium surface with different surface topographies. METHODS Human primary gingival fibroblasts were cultured on pickled (PT) and sand-blasted with large grit followed by acid etching (SLA) surfaces and assessed for cell adhesion at 2, 4, and 8 h, cell morphology at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h as well as cell proliferation at 1, 3, and 5 days post-seeding. Furthermore, genes encoding collagen 1a1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and fibronectin were assessed by real-time PCR. Human gingival fibroblasts were also quantified for their ability to synthesize a collagen matrix on the various titanium surfaces with and without EMD by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The results from the present study demonstrate that EMD significantly increased cell spreading at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h on PT surfaces and 4, 8, and 24 h on SLA surfaces. Furthermore, proliferation at 5 days on PT surfaces and 3 and 5 days on SLA surfaces was also increased for groups containing EMD. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that the culture of gingival fibroblasts with EMD significantly increased extracellular matrix synthesis of collagen 1 as well as improved mRNA levels of VEGF-A and fibronectin. Collagen1 immuno-fluorescent staining revealed a significantly higher area of staining for cells seeded on PT + EMD at 7 and 14 days and 14 days for SLA + EMD when compared to control samples. CONCLUSION The results from the present study favor the use of EMD for colonization of gingival fibroblasts on titanium surfaces by increasing cell growth, spreading, and synthesis of an extracellular matrix. The improvements were primarily irrespective of surface topography. Future animal and human studies are necessary to fully characterize the beneficial effects of incorporating EMD during soft tissue regeneration of implant protocols. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of EMD may speed up the quality of soft tissue integration around dental implants by facilitating gingival cell attachment, proliferation, and matrix synthesis of collagen 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Dai Jing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shuang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard J Miron
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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