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González-Martínez S, Pizarro D, Pérez-Mies B, Caniego-Casas T, Curigliano G, Cortés J, Palacios J. Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features of Breast Carcinoma Cutaneous Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5416. [PMID: 34771579 PMCID: PMC8582578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases (CMs) account for 2% of all skin malignancies, and nearly 70% of CMs in women originate from breast cancer (BC). CMs are usually associated with poor prognosis, are difficult to treat, and can pose diagnostic problems, such as in histopathological diagnosis when occurring long after development of the primary tumor. In addition, the molecular differences between the primary tumors and their CMs, and between CMs and metastases in other organs, are not well defined. Here, we review the main clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of breast cancer CMs. Identifying molecular markers in primary BC that predict CM and can be used to determine the molecular differences between primary tumors and their metastases is of great interest for the design of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Martínez
- Clinical Researcher, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Fundación Contigo contra el Cáncer de la Mujer, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (B.P.-M.); (T.C.-C.)
| | - Belén Pérez-Mies
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (B.P.-M.); (T.C.-C.)
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Caniego-Casas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (B.P.-M.); (T.C.-C.)
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Departament of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Cortés
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quironsalud Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (D.P.); (B.P.-M.); (T.C.-C.)
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-ONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain
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