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Aziz MA. Multiomics approach towards characterization of tumor cell plasticity and its significance in precision and personalized medicine. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10190-x. [PMID: 38761231 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity refers to the ability of cells to change their identity or behavior, which can be advantageous in some cases (e.g., tissue regeneration) but detrimental in others (e.g., cancer metastasis). With a better understanding of cellular plasticity, the complexity of cancer cells, their heterogeneity, and their role in metastasis is being unraveled. The plasticity of the cells could also prove as a nemesis to their characterization. In this review, we have attempted to highlight the possibilities and benefits of using multiomics approach in characterizing the plastic nature of cancer cells. There is a need to integrate fragmented evidence at different levels of cellular organization (DNA, RNA, protein, metabolite, epigenetics, etc.) to facilitate the characterization of different forms of plasticity and cell types. We have discussed the role of cellular plasticity in generating intra-tumor heterogeneity. Different omics level evidence is being provided to highlight the variety of molecular determinants discovered using different techniques. Attempts have been made to integrate some of this information to provide a quantitative assessment and scoring of the plastic nature of the cells. However, there is a huge gap in our understanding of mechanisms that lead to the observed heterogeneity. Understanding of these mechanism(s) is necessary for finding targets for early detection and effective therapeutic interventions in metastasis. Targeting cellular plasticity is akin to neutralizing a moving target. Along with the advancements in precision and personalized medicine, these efforts may translate into better clinical outcomes for cancer patients, especially in metastatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Cancer Nanomedicine Consortium, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S. A review of advances in the last decade on targeted cancer therapy using 177Lu: focusing on 177Lu produced by the direct neutron activation route. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 11:443-475. [PMID: 35003885 PMCID: PMC8727880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lutetium-177 [T½ = 6.76 d; Eβ (max) = 0.497 MeV; maximum tissue range ~2.5 mm; 208 keV γ-ray] is one of the most important theranostic radioisotope used for the management of various oncological and non-oncological disorders. The present review chronicles the advancement in the last decade in 177Lu-radiopharmacy with a focus on 177Lu produced via direct 176Lu (n, γ) 177Lu nuclear reaction in medium flux research reactors. The specific nuances of 177Lu production by various routes are described and their pros and cons are discussed. Lutetium, is the last element in the lanthanide series. Its chemistry plays a vital role in the preparation of a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals which demonstrate appreciable in vivo stability. Traditional bifunctional chelators (BFCs) that are used for 177Lu-labeling are discussed and the upcoming ones are highlighted. Research efforts that resulted in the growth of various 177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical and clinical settings are provided. This review also summarizes the results of clinical studies with potent 177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals that have been prepared using medium specific activity 177Lu produced by direct neutron activation route in research reactors. Overall, the review amply demonstrates the practicality of the medium specific activity 177Lu towards formulation of various clinically useful radiopharmaceuticals, especially for the benefit of millions of cancer patients in developing countries with limited reactor facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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The Roadmap of RANKL/RANK Pathway in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081978. [PMID: 34440747 PMCID: PMC8393235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling pathway was identified in the late 1990s and is the key mediator of bone remodeling. Targeting RANKL with the antibody denosumab is part of the standard of care for bone loss diseases, including bone metastases (BM). Over the last decade, evidence has implicated RANKL/RANK pathway in hormone and HER2-driven breast carcinogenesis and in the acquisition of molecular and phenotypic traits associated with breast cancer (BCa) aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This marked a new era in the research of the therapeutic use of RANKL inhibition in BCa. RANKL/RANK pathway is also an important immune mediator, with anti-RANKL therapy recently linked to improved response to immunotherapy in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This review summarizes and discusses the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of the relevance of the RANKL/RANK pathway in cancer biology and therapeutics, focusing on bone metastatic disease, BCa onset and progression, and immune modulation.
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Göbel A, Dell’Endice S, Jaschke N, Pählig S, Shahid A, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. The Role of Inflammation in Breast and Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5078. [PMID: 34064859 PMCID: PMC8151893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis to bone is a common event in multiple forms of malignancy. Inflammation holds essential functions in homeostasis as a defense mechanism against infections and is a strategy to repair injured tissue and to adapt to stress conditions. However, exaggerated and/or persistent (chronic) inflammation may eventually become maladaptive and evoke diseases such as autoimmunity, diabetes, inflammatory tissue damage, fibrosis, and cancer. In fact, inflammation is now considered a hallmark of malignancy with prognostic relevance. Emerging studies have revealed a central involvement of inflammation in several steps of the metastatic cascade of bone-homing tumor cells through supporting their survival, migration, invasion, and growth. The mechanisms by which inflammation favors these steps involve activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemokine-mediated homing of tumor cells, local activation of osteoclastogenesis, and a positive feedback amplification of the protumorigenic inflammation loop between tumor and resident cells. In this review, we summarize established and evolving concepts of inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, with a special focus on bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Göbel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefania Dell’Endice
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
| | - Amna Shahid
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D. Rachner
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany
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Zhao C, Zhang Z, Hu X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Zhang T, Li W, Li B. Hyaluronic Acid Correlates With Bone Metastasis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:785192. [PMID: 35154001 PMCID: PMC8826575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.785192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the essential elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM), involved in the onset of metastasis in various tumors. The interaction and binding of the ligand-receptor HA/cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) regulate the physical and biochemical properties of the ECM, which correlates with an increased propensity toward metastasis and poor survival outcome. Our study aimed to explore HA for predicting metastasis and survival rate in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study recruited 72 patients with SCLC. Plasma HA and CD44 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 72 cases before initial systematic treatment (baseline samples), and plasma HA was detected via after-2-cycle-chemotherapy (A-2-C-CT) in 48 samples. Logistic regression analysis and the Cox proportional risk model were used to determine the independent predictors of distant metastasis and survival rate of patients. RESULTS Baseline plasma HA was notably associated with bone metastasis (BM) [OR (95% CI = 1.015 (1.006-1.024), p = 0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline plasma HA was chosen as an independent predictor of BM. Either baseline HA or CD44 or both were associated with BM. Dynamic alteration of HA was notably associated with A-2-C-CT clinical efficacy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis in forward likelihood ratio showed that A-2-C-CT HA was an independent predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS HA appears to be used as an independent predictive factor for BM, and the dynamic detection of HA can predict prognosis in SCLC patients. The mechanism of the HA/CD44 axis in BM of SCLC deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiying Li, ; Tongmei Zhang, ; Baolan Li,
| | - Weiying Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiying Li, ; Tongmei Zhang, ; Baolan Li,
| | - Baolan Li
- General Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiying Li, ; Tongmei Zhang, ; Baolan Li,
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