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Zaongo SD, Liu Y, Harypursat V, Song F, Xia H, Ma P, Chen Y. P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1: A Potential HIV-1 Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710121. [PMID: 34434194 PMCID: PMC8380821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a life-long therapeutic option, remains the only currently effective clinical method to treat HIV-1 infection. However, ART may be toxic to vital organs including the liver, brain, heart, and kidneys, and may result in systemic complications. In this context, to consider HIV-1 restriction factors from the innate immune system to explore novel HIV therapeutics is likely to be a promising investigative strategy. In light of this, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) has recently become the object of close scrutiny as a recognized cell adhesion molecule, and has become a major focus of academic study, as researchers believe that PSGL-1 may represent a novel area of interest in the research inquiry into the field of immune checkpoint inhibition. In this article, we review PSGL-1's structure and functions during infection and/or inflammation. We also outline a comprehensive review of its role and potential therapeutic utility during HIV-1 infection as published in contemporary academic literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D Zaongo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.,Basic Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Basic Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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2
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Sabri F, Prados A, Muñoz-Fernández R, Lantto R, Fernandez-Rubio P, Nasi A, Amu S, Albert J, Olivares EG, Chiodi F. Impaired B cells survival upon production of inflammatory cytokines by HIV-1 exposed follicular dendritic cells. Retrovirology 2016; 13:61. [PMID: 27596745 PMCID: PMC5011926 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are important components in the organization of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue where, following antigen presentation, B cells differentiate into memory B cells. The possibility of establishing primary cell lines from FDCs isolated from lymphoid tissue paved the way for characterization of FDC biological properties. We exposed primary FDC cell lines to HIV-1 strains in vitro and studied changes in the chemo-attractive properties of FDCs and release of inflammatory cytokines. Results FDC lines expressed several known and putative HIV-1 receptors; viral genome was amplified in HIV-1 exposed FDCs which released low levels of p24 HIV-1 protein in culture supernatants, but were not definitely proven to be productively infected. Exposure of FDCs to HIV-1 strains did not change the expression of markers used to characterize these cells. HIV-1 exposed FDCs, however, changed the expression of chemo-attractants involved in cell recruitment at inflammatory sites and increased the production of several inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory milieu created upon HIV-1 exposure of FDCs led to impaired B cell survival in vitro and reduced Ig production.
Conclusions FDC lines exposed to different HIV-1 strains, although not able to support productive HIV-1 replication, show an increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Our in vitro model of interactions between HIV-1 exposed FDC lines and B cells suggest that exposure of FDCs to HIV-1 in vivo can contribute to inflammation within germinal centers and that this pathological event may impair B cell survival and contribute to impaired B cell responses during HIV-1 infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0295-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Sabri
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Prados
- Unidad de Immunologia, Instituto de Biopatologia y Medicina Regenerativa, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Muñoz-Fernández
- Unidad de Immunologia, Instituto de Biopatologia y Medicina Regenerativa, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rebecka Lantto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Rubio
- Unidad de Immunologia, Instituto de Biopatologia y Medicina Regenerativa, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Nasi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique Garcia Olivares
- Unidad de Immunologia, Instituto de Biopatologia y Medicina Regenerativa, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yagi K, Yamamoto K, Umeda S, Abe S, Suzuki S, Onishi I, Kirimura S, Fukayama M, Arai A, Kitagawa M, Kurata M. Expression of multidrug resistance 1 gene in B-cell lymphomas: association with follicular dendritic cells. Histopathology 2013; 62:414-20. [PMID: 23339364 DOI: 10.1111/his.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multidrug resistance (MDR) in B-cell lymphomas still constitutes a major obstacle to the effectiveness of chemotherapy even in the anti-CD20 antibody therapy era. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MDR-associated molecules in reactive lymphadenopathy (RL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of mRNA for ABC-transporter family genes was determined by real-time RT-PCR in lymph nodes from RL, FL, and DLBCL cases. MDR1 exhibited significantly stronger expression in RL, FL, and DLBCL than Raji B-cell lymphoma cells. RL and FL showed significantly higher expression than DLBCL. Immunohistochemically, MDR1 positive cells were localized in the germinal centers of RL and center of the nodular lesions of FL showing associations with CD21 positive follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Raji cells were co-cultured with FDC sarcoma-derived cells and the expression of MDR1 and drug resistance were analyzed. The co-culture of Raji cells with FDCs induced strong expression of MDR1 and introduced resistance to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FDCs induce MDR1 expression in reactive as well as neoplastic B-cells. Inhibition of the interaction of FDCs with B-cells may provide a novel strategy for treating the chemotherapy resistant fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yagi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Martinot AJ, Meythaler M, Pozzi LA, Dalecki Boisvert K, Knight H, Walsh D, Westmoreland S, Anderson DC, Kaur A, O'Neil SP. Acute SIV infection in sooty mangabey monkeys is characterized by rapid virus clearance from lymph nodes and absence of productive infection in germinal centers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57785. [PMID: 23472105 PMCID: PMC3589484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue immunopathology is a characteristic feature of chronic HIV/SIV infection in AIDS-susceptible species, but is absent in SIV-infected natural hosts. To investigate factors contributing to this difference, we compared germinal center development and SIV RNA distribution in peripheral lymph nodes during primary SIV infection of the natural host sooty mangabey and the non-natural host pig-tailed macaque. Although SIV-infected cells were detected in the lymph node of both species at two weeks post infection, they were confined to the lymph node paracortex in immune-competent mangabeys but were seen in both the paracortex and the germinal center of SIV-infected macaques. By six weeks post infection, SIV-infected cells were no longer detected in the lymph node of sooty mangabeys. The difference in localization and rate of disappearance of SIV-infected cells between the two species was associated with trapping of cell-free virus on follicular dendritic cells and higher numbers of germinal center CD4+ T lymphocytes in macaques post SIV infection. Our data suggests that fundamental differences in the germinal center microenvironment prevent productive SIV infection within the lymph node germinal centers of natural hosts contributing to sustained immune competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Martinot
- Division of Comparative Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA.
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Bek EJ, McMinn PC. The Pathogenesis and Prevention of Encephalitis due to Human Enterovirus 71. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2012; 14:397-407. [PMID: 22639066 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-012-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia, with increased epidemic activity observed since 1997. This is reflected in a large increase in scientific publications relating directly to HEV71. New research is elucidating details of the viral life cycle, confirming similarities between HEV71 and other enteroviruses. Scavenger receptor B2 (SCARB2) is a receptor for HEV71, although other receptors are likely to be identified. Currently, the only strategies to prevent HEV71-associated disease are early diagnosis and aggressive supportive management of identified cases. As more information emerges regarding the molecular processes of HEV71 infection, further advances may lead to the development of effective antiviral treatments and ultimately a vaccine-protection strategy. The protective efficacies of several inactivated HEV71 vaccines have been confirmed in animal models, suggesting that an effective vaccine may become available in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jane Bek
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Blackburn Building D06, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Hashimoto C, Nomura W, Ohya A, Urano E, Miyauchi K, Narumi T, Aikawa H, Komano JA, Yamamoto N, Tamamura H. Evaluation of a synthetic C34 trimer of HIV-1 gp41 as AIDS vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3287-91. [PMID: 22507207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An artificial antigen forming the C34 trimeric structure targeting membrane-fusion mechanism of HIV-1 has been evaluated as an HIV vaccine. The C34 trimeric molecule was previously designed and synthesized using a novel template with C3-symmetric linkers by us. The antiserum produced by immunization of the C34 trimeric form antigen showed 23-fold higher binding affinity for the C34 trimer than for the C34 monomer and showed significant neutralizing activity. The present results suggest effective strategies of the design of HIV vaccines and anti-HIV agents based on the native structure mimic of proteins targeting dynamic supramolecular mechanisms in HIV fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hashimoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Abstract
Over the past decade, Human enterovirus (HEV)71 has emerged as a highly significant cause of viral encephalitis in the south-east Asian region. A pattern of increased epidemic activity has been observable since 1997, the cause of which is unclear. Ongoing investigations into the molecular basis of HEV71 infection and virulence, in particular viral translation and replication, have confirmed similarities between HEV71 and other enteroviruses, including the prototype species Poliovirus, but more work is required in this field. Although several putative receptors for HEV71 have been identified, it remains likely that other, as yet unidentified, receptors exist. Work in several established animal models for HEV71 infection has confirmed the protective efficacy of several inactivated vaccines. As more information emerges regarding the molecular processes involved in HEV71 infection, further advances may lead to the development of more effective antiviral treatments and, ultimately, a vaccine protection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Bek
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Sydney Medical School, Blackburn Building D06, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Nakahara T, Nomura W, Ohba K, Ohya A, Tanaka T, Hashimoto C, Narumi T, Murakami T, Yamamoto N, Tamamura H. Remodeling of Dynamic Structures of HIV-1 Envelope Proteins Leads to Synthetic Antigen Molecules Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:709-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900502z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakahara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Aki Ohya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Chie Hashimoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan, and AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Miyakawa K, Ryo A, Murakami T, Ohba K, Yamaoka S, Fukuda M, Guatelli J, Yamamoto N. BCA2/Rabring7 promotes tetherin-dependent HIV-1 restriction. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000700. [PMID: 20019814 PMCID: PMC2788703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell factors can either positively or negatively regulate the assembly and egress of HIV-1 particles from infected cells. Recent reports have identified a previously uncharacterized transmembrane protein, tetherin/CD317/BST-2, as a crucial host restriction factor that acts during a late budding step in HIV-1 replication by inhibiting viral particle release. Although tetherin has been shown to promote the retention of nascent viral particles on the host cell surface, the precise molecular mechanisms that occur during and after these tethering events remain largely unknown. We here report that a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, BCA2 (Breast cancer-associated gene 2; also called Rabring7, ZNF364 or RNF115), is a novel tetherin-interacting host protein that facilitates the restriction of HIV-1 particle production in tetherin-positive cells. The expression of human BCA2 in “tetherin-positive” HeLa, but not in “tetherin-negative” HOS cells, resulted in a strong restriction of HIV-1 particle production. Upon the expression of tetherin in HOS cells, BCA2 was capable of inhibiting viral particle production as in HeLa cells. The targeted depletion of endogenous BCA2 by RNA interference (RNAi) in HeLa cells reduced the intracellular accumulation of viral particles, which were nevertheless retained on the plasma membrane. BCA2 was also found to facilitate the internalization of HIV-1 virions into CD63+ intracellular vesicles leading to their lysosomal degradation. These results indicate that BCA2 accelerates the internalization and degradation of viral particles following their tethering to the cell surface and is a co-factor or enhancer for the tetherin-dependent restriction of HIV-1 release from infected cells. Human cells possess multiple systems that render them resistant to viral infection. Recently, a transmembrane protein, tetherin, has been identified as an antiviral host factor in HIV-1-infected cells. Tetherin retains newly assembled virions at the plasma membrane and prevents viral release from the infected cells. However, the precise molecular mechanisms following the virion tethering remain largely unknown. In our current study, we have identified a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, BCA2, which co-localizes and interacts with tetherin in human cells. BCA2 was found to facilitate the internalization of HIV-1 particles captured by tetherin on the plasma membrane and to enhance the targeting of viral particles to the lysosomes. Conversely, the targeted depletion of endogenous BCA2 reduces the intracellular accumulation of viral particles. Additionally, the expression of a small viral protein Vpu, an antagonist of tetherin, counteracts the antiviral effects of BCA2. These results suggest that BCA2 is a potential antiviral factor that collaborates with tetherin to facilitate the degradation of nascent HIV-1 particles during “post-tethering” processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (AR); (NY)
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohba
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - John Guatelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (AR); (NY)
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