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Ho MY, Liu S, Xing B. Bacteria extracellular vesicle as nanopharmaceuticals for versatile biomedical potential. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38990415 PMCID: PMC11239649 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria extracellular vesicles (BEVs), characterized as the lipid bilayer membrane-surrounded nanoparticles filled with molecular cargo from parent cells, play fundamental roles in the bacteria growth and pathogenesis, as well as facilitating essential interaction between bacteria and host systems. Notably, benefiting from their unique biological functions, BEVs hold great promise as novel nanopharmaceuticals for diverse biomedical potential, attracting significant interest from both industry and academia. Typically, BEVs are evaluated as promising drug delivery platforms, on account of their intrinsic cell-targeting capability, ease of versatile cargo engineering, and capability to penetrate physiological barriers. Moreover, attributing to considerable intrinsic immunogenicity, BEVs are able to interact with the host immune system to boost immunotherapy as the novel nanovaccine against a wide range of diseases. Towards these significant directions, in this review, we elucidate the nature of BEVs and their role in activating host immune response for a better understanding of BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals' development. Additionally, we also systematically summarize recent advances in BEVs for achieving the target delivery of genetic material, therapeutic agents, and functional materials. Furthermore, vaccination strategies using BEVs are carefully covered, illustrating their flexible therapeutic potential in combating bacterial infections, viral infections, and cancer. Finally, the current hurdles and further outlook of these BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao Ho
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore
| | - Songhan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore.
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2
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He J, Mao N, Lyu W, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xu Z. Association between oral microbiome and five types of respiratory infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study in east Asian population. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392473. [PMID: 38659993 PMCID: PMC11039966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the causal relationship between the oral microbiome and specific respiratory infections including tonsillitis, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, and pneumonia, assessing the impact of genetic variations associated with the oral microbiome. Methods Mendelian randomization was used to analyze genetic variations, leveraging data from genome-wide association studies in an East Asian cohort to identify connections between specific oral microbiota and respiratory infections. Results Our analysis revealed that Prevotella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Pauljensenia, and Capnocytophaga play crucial roles in influencing respiratory infections. Prevotella is associated with both promoting bronchitis and inhibiting pneumonia and tonsillitis, with a mixed effect on chronic sinusitis. Streptococcus and Fusobacterium show varied impacts on respiratory diseases, with Fusobacterium promoting chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and bronchitis. Conversely, Pauljensenia and Capnocytophaga are linked to reduced bronchitis and tonsillitis, and inhibited pneumonia and bronchitis, respectively. Discussion These findings underscore the significant impact of the oral microbiome on respiratory health, suggesting potential strategies for disease prevention and management through microbiome targeting. The study highlights the complexity of microbial influences on respiratory infections and the importance of further research to elucidate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei He
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningfeng Mao
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenliang Lyu
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhan Zhou
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Institute of Epidemic Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Jalalifar S, Morovati Khamsi H, Hosseini-Fard SR, Karampoor S, Bajelan B, Irajian G, Mirzaei R. Emerging role of microbiota derived outer membrane vesicles to preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic proposes. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36658631 PMCID: PMC9850788 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota and its products in human health and disease is profoundly investigated. The communication between gut microbiota and the host involves a complicated network of signaling pathways via biologically active molecules generated by intestinal microbiota. Some of these molecules could be assembled within nanoparticles known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Recent studies propose that OMVs play a critical role in shaping immune responses, including homeostasis and acute inflammatory responses. Moreover, these OMVs have an immense capacity to be applied in medical research, such as OMV-based vaccines and drug delivery. This review presents a comprehensive overview of emerging knowledge about biogenesis, the role, and application of these bacterial-derived OMVs, including OMV-based vaccines, OMV adjuvants characteristics, OMV vehicles (in conjugated vaccines), cancer immunotherapy, and drug carriers and delivery systems. Moreover, we also highlight the significance of the potential role of these OMVs in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jalalifar
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Morovati Khamsi
- Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Bajelan
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Irajian
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Wang S, Guo J, Bai Y, Sun C, Wu Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hao H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a candidate tumor vaccine platform. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987419. [PMID: 36159867 PMCID: PMC9505906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious concern for human life and health. Due to drug resistance and the easy metastasis of tumors, there is urgent need to develop new cancer treatment methods beyond the traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are a type of double-membrane vesicle secreted by Gram-negative bacteria in the process of growth and life, and play extremely important roles in the survival and invasion of those bacteria. In particular, OMVs contain a large number of immunogenic components associated with their parent bacterium, which can be used as vaccines, adjuvants, and vectors to treat diseases, especially in presenting tumor antigens or targeted therapy with small-molecule drugs. Some OMV-based vaccines are already on the market and have demonstrated good therapeutic effect on the corresponding diseases. OMV-based vaccines for cancer are also being studied, and some are already in clinical trials. This paper reviews bacterial outer membrane vesicles, their interaction with host cells, and their applications in tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Hao,
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Tiku V, Tan MW. Host immunity and cellular responses to bacterial outer membrane vesicles. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:1024-1036. [PMID: 34635395 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
All Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which are minute spherical structures emanating from the bacterial outer membrane. OMVs are primarily enriched in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phospholipids, as well as outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. Recent research has provided convincing evidence for their role in multiple aspects of bacterial physiology and their interaction with vertebrate host cells. OMVs play vital roles in bacterial colonization, delivery of virulence factors, and disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the interactions of OMVs with mammalian host cells with a focus on how bacteria use OMVs to modulate host immune responses that eventually enable bacteria to evade host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varnesh Tiku
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Jochems SP, de Ruiter K, Solórzano C, Voskamp A, Mitsi E, Nikolaou E, Carniel BF, Pojar S, German EL, Reiné J, Soares-Schanoski A, Hill H, Robinson R, Hyder-Wright AD, Weight CM, Durrenberger PF, Heyderman RS, Gordon SB, Smits HH, Urban BC, Rylance J, Collins AM, Wilkie MD, Lazarova L, Leong SC, Yazdanbakhsh M, Ferreira DM. Innate and adaptive nasal mucosal immune responses following experimental human pneumococcal colonization. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4523-4538. [PMID: 31361601 PMCID: PMC6763269 DOI: 10.1172/jci128865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common cause of respiratory infection, but also frequently colonizes the nasopharynx in the absence of disease. We used mass cytometry to study immune cells from nasal biopsy samples collected following experimental human pneumococcal challenge in order to identify immunological mechanisms of control of Spn colonization. Using 37 markers, we characterized 293 nasal immune cell clusters, of which 7 were associated with Spn colonization. B cell and CD161+CD8+ T cell clusters were significantly lower in colonized than in noncolonized subjects. By following a second cohort before and after pneumococcal challenge we observed that B cells were depleted from the nasal mucosa upon Spn colonization. This associated with an expansion of Spn polysaccharide–specific and total plasmablasts in blood. Moreover, increased responses of blood mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells against in vitro stimulation with pneumococcus prior to challenge associated with protection against establishment of Spn colonization and with increased mucosal MAIT cell populations. These results implicate MAIT cells in the protection against pneumococcal colonization and demonstrate that colonization affects mucosal and circulating B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Voskamp
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz F Carniel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Esther L German
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Robinson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela D Hyder-Wright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pascal F Durrenberger
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen B Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Britta C Urban
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Wilkie
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lepa Lazarova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel C Leong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Cai W, Kesavan DK, Wan J, Abdelaziz MH, Su Z, Xu H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles, a potential vaccine candidate in interactions with host cells based. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:95. [PMID: 30537996 PMCID: PMC6290530 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in their growth and metabolism process. Originally, OMVs were considered as a by-product of bacterial merisis. However, many scientists have reported the important role of OMVs in many fields recently. In this review, we briefly introduce OMVs biological functions and then summarize the findings about the OMVs interactions with host cells. At last, we will make an expectation about the prospects of the application of OMVs as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,The Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Madico G, Gursky O, Fairman J, Massari P. Structural and Immunological Characterization of Novel Recombinant MOMP-Based Chlamydial Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 6:vaccines6010002. [PMID: 29295593 PMCID: PMC5874643 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. While infections resolve with antibiotic treatment, this is often neglected in women due to frequent asymptomatic infections, leading to disease progression and severe sequelae (pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility). Development of a vaccine against Chlamydia is crucial. Whole organism-based vaccines have short-lived activity, serovar/subgroup-specific immunity and can cause adverse reactions in vaccinated subjects. The Chlamydia major outer membrane protein (MOMP) is a prime candidate for a subunit vaccine. MOMP contains four regions of sequence variability (variable domains, VDs) with B-cell and T-cell epitopes that elicit protective immunity. However, barriers for developing a MOMP-based vaccine include solubility, yield and refolding. We have engineered novel recombinant antigens in which the VDs are expressed into a carrier protein structurally similar to MOMP and suitable for recombinant expression at a high yield in a correctly folded and detergent-free form. Using a carrier such as the PorB porin from the human commensal organism N. lactamica, we show that PorB/VD chimeric proteins are immunogenic, antigenic and cross-reactive with MOMP. VDs are unique for each serovar but if combined in a single vaccine, a broad coverage against the major Chlamydia serovars can be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Madico
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics and the Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | - Paola Massari
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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10
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Lin HY, Huang CH, Hsieh WH, Liu LH, Lin YC, Chu CC, Wang ST, Kuo IT, Chau LK, Yang CY. On-line SERS detection of single bacterium using novel SERS nanoprobes and a microfluidic dielectrophoresis device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4700-10. [PMID: 25115777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The integration of novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes and a microfluidic dielectrophoresis (DEP) device is developed for rapid on-line SERS detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis and Neisseria lactamica. The SERS nanoprobes are prepared by immobilization of specific antibody onto the surface of nanoaggregate-embedded beads (NAEBs), which are silica-coated, dye-induced aggregates of a small number of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Each NAEB gives highly enhanced Raman signals owing to the presence of well-defined plasmonic hot spots at junctions between AuNPs. Herein, the on-line SERS detection and accurate identification of suspended bacteria with a detection capability down to a single bacterium has been realized by the NAEB-DEP-Raman spectroscopy biosensing strategy. The practical detection limit with a measurement time of 10 min is estimated to be 70 CFU mL(-1) . In comparison with whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the SERS-nanoprobe-based biosensing method provides advantages of higher sensitivity and requiring lower amount of antibody in the assay (100-fold less). The total assay time including sample pretreatment is less than 2 h. Hence, this sensing strategy is promising for faster and effective on-line multiplex detection of single pathogenic bacterium by using different bioconjugated SERS nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ying Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
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Bekele TL, Keith P, Adelina R, Vyvyan S, Victoria D. Oral <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> NCIMB 8825 Inhibits Adhesion, Invasion and Metabolism of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Serogroup B and Affords Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Protection to Nasopharyngeal Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.42013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Jensen A, Fagö-Olsen H, Sørensen CH, Kilian M. Molecular mapping to species level of the tonsillar crypt microbiota associated with health and recurrent tonsillitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56418. [PMID: 23437130 PMCID: PMC3578847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human palatine tonsils, which belong to the central antigen handling sites of the mucosal immune system, are frequently affected by acute and recurrent infections. This study compared the microbiota of the tonsillar crypts in children and adults affected by recurrent tonsillitis with that of healthy adults and children with tonsillar hyperplasia. An in-depth 16S rRNA gene based pyrosequencing approach combined with a novel strategy that included phylogenetic analysis and detection of species-specific sequence signatures enabled identification of the major part of the microbiota to species level. A complex microbiota consisting of between 42 and 110 taxa was demonstrated in both children and adults. This included a core microbiome of 12 abundant genera found in all samples regardless of age and health status. Yet, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria species, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were almost exclusively detected in children. In contrast, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae was present in all samples. Obligate anaerobes like Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium were abundantly present in children, but the species diversity of Porphyromonas and Prevotella was larger in adults and included species that are considered putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, i.e. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Tannerella forsythia. Unifrac analysis showed that recurrent tonsillitis is associated with a shift in the microbiota of the tonsillar crypts. Fusobacterium necrophorum, Streptococcus intermedius and Prevotella melaninogenica/histicola were associated with recurrent tonsillitis in adults, whereas species traditionally associated with acute tonsillitis like pyogenic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were scarce. The findings suggest that recurrent tonsillitis is a polymicrobial infection in which interactions within consortia of taxa play an etiologic role. The study contributes to the human microbiome data, to the understanding of the etiology of infections affecting the tonsils, and forms a basis for further insight into the consequences of the intense microbe-host interactions that take place in the tonsils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Shin J, Kho SA, Choi YS, Kim YC, Rhyu IC, Choi Y. Antibody and T cell responses to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola in health and chronic periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53703. [PMID: 23335969 PMCID: PMC3546045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the T cell response to the members of oral flora are poorly understood. We characterized the antibody and T cell responses to FadA and Td92, adhesins from Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral commensal, and Treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen, respectively. Peripheral blood and saliva were obtained from healthy individuals and patients with untreated chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 11 paris) and after successful treatment of the disease (n = 9). The levels of antigen-specific antibody were measured by ELISA. In plasma, IgG1 was the most abundant isotype of Ab for both Ags, followed by IgA and then IgG4. The levels of FadA-specific salivary IgA (sIgA) were higher than Td92-specific sIgA and the FadA-specific IgA levels observed in plasma. However, the periodontal health status of the individuals did not affect the levels of FadA- or Td92-specific antibody. Even healthy individuals contained FadA- and Td92-specific CD4+ T cells, as determined by the detection of intracytoplasmic CD154 after short-term in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the antigens. Patients with CP tended to possess increased numbers of FadA- and Td92-specific CD4+ T cells but reduced numbers of Td92-specific Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs than the healthy subjects. Both FadA and Td92 induced the production of IFNγ and IL-10 but inhibited the secretion of IL-4 by PBMCs. In conclusion, F. nucleatum induced Th3 (sIgA)- and Th1 (IFNγ and IgG1)-dominant immune responses, whereas T. denticola induced a Th1 (IFNγ and IgG1)-dominant response. This IFNγ-dominant cytokine response was impaired in CP patients, and the Td92-induced IFNγ levels were negatively associated with periodontal destruction in patients. These findings may provide new insights into the homeostatic interaction between the immune system and oral bacteria and the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Shin
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-A Kho
- Department of Periodontology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun S. Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong C. Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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John CM, Liu M, Phillips NJ, Yang Z, Funk CR, Zimmerman LI, Griffiss JM, Stein DC, Jarvis GA. Lack of lipid A pyrophosphorylation and functional lptA reduces inflammation by Neisseria commensals. Infect Immun 2012; 80:4014-26. [PMID: 22949553 PMCID: PMC3486066 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00506-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the immune system with Neisseria commensals remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that phosphoethanolamine on the lipid A portion of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) plays an important role in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. For pathogenic Neisseria, phosphoethanolamine is added to lipid A by the phosphoethanolamine transferase specific for lipid A, which is encoded by lptA. Here, we report that Southern hybridizations and bioinformatics analyses of genomic sequences from all eight commensal Neisseria species confirmed that lptA was absent in 15 of 17 strains examined but was present in N. lactamica. Mass spectrometry of lipid A and intact LOS revealed the lack of both pyrophosphorylation and phosphoethanolaminylation in lipid A of commensal species lacking lptA. Inflammatory signaling in human THP-1 monocytic cells was much greater with pathogenic than with commensal Neisseria strains that lacked lptA, and greater sensitivity to polymyxin B was consistent with the absence of phosphoethanolamine. Unlike the other commensals, whole bacteria of two N. lactamica commensal strains had low inflammatory potential, whereas their lipid A had high-level pyrophosphorylation and phosphoethanolaminylation and induced high-level inflammatory signaling, supporting previous studies indicating that this species uses mechanisms other than altering lipid A to support commensalism. A meningococcal lptA deletion mutant had reduced inflammatory potential, further illustrating the importance of lipid A pyrophosphorylation and phosphoethanolaminylation in the bioactivity of LOS. Overall, our results indicate that lack of pyrophosphorylation and phosphoethanolaminylation of lipid A contributes to the immune privilege of most commensal Neisseria strains by reducing the inflammatory potential of LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M. John
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mingfeng Liu
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Nancy J. Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Courtney R. Funk
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsey I. Zimmerman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J. McLeod Griffiss
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Daniel C. Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary A. Jarvis
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
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