1
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de Greef PC, Njeru SN, Benz C, Fillatreau S, Malissen B, Agenès F, de Boer RJ, Kirberg J. The TCR assigns naive T cells to a preferred lymph node. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0796. [PMID: 39047099 PMCID: PMC11268406 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Naive T cells recirculate between the spleen and lymph nodes where they mount immune responses when meeting dendritic cells presenting foreign antigen. As this may happen anywhere, naive T cells ought to visit all lymph nodes. Here, deep sequencing almost-complete TCR repertoires led to a comparison of different lymph nodes within and between individual mice. We find strong evidence for a deterministic CD4/CD8 lineage choice and a consistent spatial structure. Specifically, some T cells show a preference for one or multiple lymph nodes, suggesting that their TCR interacts with locally presented (self-)peptides. These findings are mirrored in TCR-transgenic mice showing localized CD69 expression, retention, and cell division. Thus, naive T cells intermittently sense antigenically dissimilar niches, which is expected to affect their homeostatic competition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. de Greef
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia Benz
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, IMG53, Langen, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Agenès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm, Délégation Régionale Auvergne Rhône Alpes, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jörg Kirberg
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, IMG53, Langen, Germany
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2
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Tomura M. In Vivo Tracking of Dendritic Cell Migration. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2618:39-53. [PMID: 36905507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2938-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral tissue serve as a sentinel to invasion and maintain tolerance. They ingest and carry antigens to the draining lymph nodes and present antigens to antigen-specific T cells to initiate acquired immune responses. Thus, understanding DC migration from peripheral tissues and function is critical for understanding DCs' roles in immune homeostasis. Here, we introduced the KikGR in vivo photolabeling system, an ideal tool for monitoring precise cellular movements and related functions in vivo under physiological conditions and during various immune responses that occur in pathologic condition. Using a mouse line expressing photoconvertible fluorescent protein KikGR, we can label DCs in peripheral tissues by changing the color of KikGR from green to red after exposure to violet light and accurately track DC migration from each peripheral tissue to its respective draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Tatsumi N, Codrington AL, El-Fenej J, Phondge V, Kumamoto Y. Effective CD4 T cell priming requires repertoire scanning by CD301b + migratory cDC2 cells upon lymph node entry. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg0336. [PMID: 34890253 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tatsumi
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alicia L Codrington
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jihad El-Fenej
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Varoon Phondge
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yosuke Kumamoto
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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4
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Moriya T, Kitagawa K, Hayakawa Y, Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Ueha S, Ikebuchi R, Yasuda I, Nakanishi Y, Honda T, Matsushima K, Kabashima K, Ueda M, Kusumoto Y, Chtanova T, Tomura M. Immunogenic tumor cell death promotes dendritic cell migration and inhibits tumor growth via enhanced T cell immunity. iScience 2021; 24:102424. [PMID: 33997702 PMCID: PMC8102907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic tumor cell death enhances anti-tumor immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are incompletely understood. We established a system to induce tumor cell death in situ and investigated its effect on dendritic cell (DC) migration and T cell responses using intravital photolabeling in mice expressing KikGR photoconvertible protein. We demonstrate that tumor cell death induces phagocytosis of tumor cells by tumor-infiltrating (Ti)-DCs, and HMGB1-TLR4 and ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling-dependent Ti-DC emigration to draining lymph nodes (dLNs). This led to an increase in anti-tumor CD8+ T cells of memory precursor effector phenotype and secondary tumor growth inhibition in a CD103+ DC-dependent manner. However, combining tumor cell death induction with lipopolysaccharide treatment stimulated Ti-DC maturation and emigration to dLNs but did not improve tumor immunity. Thus, immunogenic tumor cell death enhances tumor immunity by increasing Ti-DC migration to dLNs where they promote anti-tumor T cell responses and tumor growth inhibition. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) promotes egress of tumor-infiltrating (Ti)-DCs to dLNs ICD induced Ti-DC migration to dLNs utilizes P2X7R and HMGB1 signaling pathways LPS treatment attenuates the anti-tumor effects of ICD CD103+ DCs are required at the time of ICD for suppression of secondary tumor growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Moriya
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Kurumi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Graduate school of Medicine, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Graduate school of Medicine, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ippei Yasuda
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ueda
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kusumoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2033 Australia
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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5
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Bovay A, Speiser DE, Fuertes Marraco SA. Early drop of circulating T cells negatively correlates with the protective immune response to Yellow Fever vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:3103-3110. [PMID: 32348192 PMCID: PMC8641580 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1750249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte recirculation within the human body is essential for efficient pathogen detection and immune responses. So far, immune cell migration has been investigated largely using ovine and murine models, with little evidence in humans. Here, we analyzed peripheral blood of healthy individuals following primary vaccination with the Yellow Fever vaccine YF-17D. We found that the number of leukocytes was transiently and sharply reduced in blood as detected on day 7 after vaccine administration. The T cell drop was restricted to cells expressing the lymph node-homing chemokine receptor CCR7. Interestingly, the vaccine-induced drop positively correlated with the expression of CD69 by the T cells before vaccination. This suggests that CCR7+ T cells are being trapped within the lymph nodes through CD69-induced suppression of egress. Strikingly, we further found that the T cell drop negatively correlated with CD8 T cell activation and with production of neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, early and transient T cell depletion in blood negatively correlated with protective immune response events induced by YF-17D vaccination. Our data highlight baseline CD69 expression and early drop in T cells as potential biomarkers of the Yellow Fever vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bovay
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Silvia A. Fuertes Marraco
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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6
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Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as a major component of T cell biology. Recent investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of TRMs. Common features have been discovered to distinguish memory T cells residing in various mucosal and non-mucosal tissues from their circulating counterparts. Given that most organs and tissues contain a unique microenvironment, local signal-induced tissue-specific features are tightly associated with the differentiation, homeostasis, and protective functions of TRMs. Here, we discuss recent advances in the TRM field with a special emphasis on the interaction between local signals and TRMs in the context of individual tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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7
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Ikebuchi R, Fujimoto M, Nakanishi Y, Okuyama H, Moriya T, Kusumoto Y, Tomura M. Functional Phenotypic Diversity of Regulatory T Cells Remaining in Inflamed Skin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31156643 PMCID: PMC6534040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) migrate between lymphoid and peripheral tissues for maintaining immune homeostasis. Tissue-specific function and functional heterogeneity of Tregs have been suggested, however, correlation between them and inter-tissue movement remain unknown. We used a contact hypersensitivity model of mice expressing a photoconvertible protein for tracking migratory cells. After marking cells in skin, we purified Tregs exhibiting a different migration pattern [Tregs recruiting to or remaining in the skin and emigrating from the skin to draining lymph nodes (dLNs) within half a day] and examined single-cell gene and protein expression profiles. Correlation and unsupervised clustering analyses revealed that Tregs in both skin and dLNs comprised two subpopulations, one highly expressing Nrp1 with variable CD25, Granzyme B, and/or CTLA-4 expression and another with 3 subsets strongly expressing CD25, Granzyme B, or CTLA-4 together with CD39. Characteristic subsets of Tregs remaining in the skin displayed higher CD25 and CD39 expression and lower Granzyme B and CTLA-4 expression compared with Tregs migrating to the skin. In addition, CCR5 expression in Tregs in skin was positively and negatively correlated with CD39 and Nrp-1 expression, respectively. To assess the predictive value of these data for immunotherapy, we blocked CCR5 signaling and found modest downregulation of CD39 and modest upregulation of Nrp1 expression in skin Tregs. Our data reveal a high functional diversity of Tregs in skin that is strongly related to trafficking behavior, particularly skin retention. Modulation of tissue-specific trafficking and function is a promising clinical strategy against autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maika Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Okuyama
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriya
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kusumoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
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8
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Barrios BE, Maccio-Maretto L, Nazar FN, Correa SG. A selective window after the food-intake period favors tolerance induction in mesenteric lymph nodes. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:108-116. [PMID: 30327533 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are periodic oscillations that occur in the physiology of the organism and the cells. The rhythms of the immune system are strictly regulated and the circadian alteration seems to have serious consequences. Even so, it is not clear how the immune cells of the intestinal mucosa synchronize with the external environment. Besides, little is known about the way in which biological rhythms affect the critical functions of intestinal immunity, such as oral tolerance. We studied fluctuations in the relevant parameters of intestinal immunity at four different times throughout the day. By using multivariate statistical tools, we found that these oscillations represent at least three different time frames with different conditions for tolerance induction that are altered in Per2ko mice lacking one of the clock genes. Our results allowed us to characterize a window in the final stage of the dark phase that promotes the induction of specific regulatory populations and favors its location in the lamina propria. We show here that, at the end of the intake, the entry of luminal antigens, soluble factors, and leukocyte populations converge in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and display the greatest potential of the tolerogenic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana E Barrios
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI, CONICET-UNC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Lisa Maccio-Maretto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI, CONICET-UNC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - F Nicolás Nazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT, CONICET-UNC) e Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Correa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI, CONICET-UNC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina.
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9
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Nakanishi Y, Ikebuchi R, Chtanova T, Kusumoto Y, Okuyama H, Moriya T, Honda T, Kabashima K, Watanabe T, Sakai Y, Tomura M. Regulatory T cells with superior immunosuppressive capacity emigrate from the inflamed colon to draining lymph nodes. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:437-448. [PMID: 28766553 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of colon homeostasis. Here we utilized photoconvertible KikGR mice to track immune cells from the caecum and ascending (proximal) colon in the steady state and DSS-induced colitis. We found that Tregs from the proximal colon (colonic migratory Tregs) migrated exclusively to the distal part of mesenteric lymph nodes (dMLN) in an S1PR1-dependent process. In the steady state, colonic migratory CD25+ Tregs expressed higher levels of CD103, ICOS, LAG3 and CTLA-4 in comparison with pre-existing LN Tregs. Intestinal inflammation led to accelerated Treg replacement in the colon, bidirectional Treg migration from the colon to dMLN and vice versa, as well as increases in Treg number, proliferation and expression of immunosuppressive molecules. This was especially apparent for CD25 very high Tregs induced in colitis. Furthermore, colonic migratory Tregs from the inflamed colon included more interleukin (IL)-10 producing cells, and demonstrated greater inhibition of T-cell proliferation in comparison with pre-existing LN Tregs. Thus, our results suggest that Tregs with superior immunosuppressive capacity are increased both in the colon and dMLN upon inflammation. These Tregs recirculate between the colon and dMLN, and are likely to contribute to the downregulation of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakanishi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Ikebuchi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - T Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Y Kusumoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Okuyama
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Moriya
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute/Kitano Hospital, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Tomura
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
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10
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New Tools for Imaging of Immune Systems: Visualization of Cell Cycle, Cell Death, and Cell Movement by Using the Mice Lines Expressing Fucci, SCAT3.1, and Kaede and KikGR. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1763:165-174. [PMID: 29476498 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7762-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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11
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Durand A, Audemard-Verger A, Guichard V, Mattiuz R, Delpoux A, Hamon P, Bonilla N, Rivière M, Delon J, Martin B, Auffray C, Boissonnas A, Lucas B. Profiling the lymphoid-resident T cell pool reveals modulation by age and microbiota. Nat Commun 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29302034 PMCID: PMC5754350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being implicated in non-lymphoid tissues, non-recirculating T cells may also exist in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). However, a detailed characterization of this lymphoid-resident T cell pool has not yet been done. Here we show that a substantial proportion of CD4 regulatory (Treg) and memory (Tmem) cells establish long-term residence in the SLOs of specific pathogen-free mice. Of these SLOs, only T cell residence within Peyer's patches is affected by microbiota. Resident CD4 Treg and CD4 Tmem cells from lymph nodes and non-lymphoid tissues share many phenotypic and functional characteristics. The percentage of resident T cells in SLOs increases considerably with age, with S1PR1 downregulation possibly contributing to this altered homeostasis. Our results thus show that T cell residence is not only a hallmark of non-lymphoid tissues, but can be extended to secondary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Durand
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Audemard-Verger
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Guichard
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Mattiuz
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Delpoux
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Hamon
- Pierre et Marie Curie Université (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Bonilla
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Rivière
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delon
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Martin
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Auffray
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Boissonnas
- Pierre et Marie Curie Université (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Paris Descartes Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
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12
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Reboldi A, Cyster JG. Peyer's patches: organizing B-cell responses at the intestinal frontier. Immunol Rev 2016; 271:230-45. [PMID: 27088918 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid tissues share the important function of bringing together antigens and rare antigen-specific lymphocytes to foster induction of adaptive immune responses. Peyer's patches (PPs) are unique compared to other secondary lymphoid tissues in their continual exposure to an enormous diversity of microbiome- and food-derived antigens and in the types of pathogens they encounter. Antigens are delivered to PPs by specialized microfold (M) epithelial cells and they may be captured and presented by resident dendritic cells (DCs). In accord with their state of chronic microbial antigen exposure, PPs exhibit continual germinal center (GC) activity. These GCs not only contribute to the generation of B cells and plasma cells producing somatically mutated gut antigen-specific IgA antibodies but have also been suggested to support non-specific antigen diversification of the B-cell repertoire. Here, we review current understanding of how PPs foster B-cell encounters with antigen, how they favor isotype switching to the secretory IgA isotype, and how their GC responses may uniquely contribute to mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reboldi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Ikebuchi R, Teraguchi S, Vandenbon A, Honda T, Shand FHW, Nakanishi Y, Watanabe T, Tomura M. A rare subset of skin-tropic regulatory T cells expressing Il10/Gzmb inhibits the cutaneous immune response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35002. [PMID: 27756896 PMCID: PMC5069467 DOI: 10.1038/srep35002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) migrating from the skin to the draining lymph node (dLN) have a strong immunosuppressive effect on the cutaneous immune response. However, the subpopulations responsible for their inhibitory function remain unclear. We investigated single-cell gene expression heterogeneity in Tregs from the dLN of inflamed skin in a contact hypersensitivity model. The immunosuppressive genes Ctla4 and Tgfb1 were expressed in the majority of Tregs. Although Il10-expressing Tregs were rare, unexpectedly, the majority of Il10-expressing Tregs co-expressed Gzmb and displayed Th1-skewing. Single-cell profiling revealed that CD43+ CCR5+ Tregs represented the main subset within the Il10/Gzmb-expressing cell population in the dLN. Moreover, CD43+ CCR5+ CXCR3− Tregs expressed skin-tropic chemokine receptors, were preferentially retained in inflamed skin and downregulated the cutaneous immune response. The identification of a rare Treg subset co-expressing multiple immunosuppressive molecules and having tissue-remaining capacity offers a novel strategy for the control of skin inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Teraguchi
- Quantitative Immunology Research Unit, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Immuno-Genomics Research Unit, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Francis H W Shand
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakanishi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan
| | - Michio Tomura
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
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14
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Abstract
T cells have crucial roles in protection against infection and cancer. Although the trafficking of memory T cells around the body is integral to their capacity to provide immune protection, studies have shown that specialization of some memory T cells into unique tissue-resident subsets gives the host enhanced regional immunity. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of tissue-resident T cell development and function, revealing mechanisms for enhanced protective immunity that have the potential to influence rational vaccine design. This Review discusses the major advances and the emerging concepts in this field, summarizes what is known about the differentiation and the protective functions of tissue-resident memory T cells in different tissues in the body and highlights key unanswered questions.
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15
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Futamura K, Sekino M, Hata A, Ikebuchi R, Nakanishi Y, Egawa G, Kabashima K, Watanabe T, Furuki M, Tomura M. Novel full-spectral flow cytometry with multiple spectrally-adjacent fluorescent proteins and fluorochromes and visualization of in vivo cellular movement. Cytometry A 2015. [PMID: 26217952 PMCID: PMC5132038 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometric analysis with multicolor fluoroprobes is an essential method for detecting biological signatures of cells. Here, we present a new full-spectral flow cytometer (spectral-FCM). Unlike conventional flow cytometer, this spectral-FCM acquires the emitted fluorescence for all probes across the full-spectrum from each cell with 32 channels sequential PMT unit after dispersion with prism, and extracts the signals of each fluoroprobe based on the spectral shape of each fluoroprobe using unique algorithm in high speed, high sensitive, accurate, automatic and real-time. The spectral-FCM detects the continuous changes in emission spectra from green to red of the photoconvertible protein, KikGR with high-spectral resolution and separates spectrally-adjacent fluoroprobes, such as FITC (Emission peak (Em) 519 nm) and EGFP (Em 507 nm). Moreover, the spectral-FCM can measure and subtract autofluorescence of each cell providing increased signal-to-noise ratios and improved resolution of dim samples, which leads to a transformative technology for investigation of single cell state and function. These advances make it possible to perform 11-color fluorescence analysis to visualize movement of multilinage immune cells by using KikGR-expressing mice. Thus, the novel spectral flow cytometry improves the combinational use of spectrally-adjacent various FPs and multicolor fluorochromes in metabolically active cell for the investigation of not only the immune system but also other research and clinical fields of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Futamura
- FCM Business Department, Life Science Business Division, Medical Business Unit, Sony Corporation, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Masashi Sekino
- Concept Development Department, Application Technology Development Division, System R&D Group, RDS Platform, Sony Corporation, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-0001, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hata
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiorikita, Tondabayashi-City, Osaka Prefecture, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakanishi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute/Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-Ku, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan
| | - Motohiro Furuki
- FCM Business Department, Life Science Business Division, Medical Business Unit, Sony Corporation, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0075, Japan
| | - Michio Tomura
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiorikita, Tondabayashi-City, Osaka Prefecture, 584-8540, Japan
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16
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Tracking and quantification of dendritic cell migration and antigen trafficking between the skin and lymph nodes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6030. [PMID: 25112380 PMCID: PMC4129424 DOI: 10.1038/srep06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin-derived dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis due to their role in antigen trafficking from the skin to the draining lymph nodes (dLNs). To quantify the spatiotemporal regulation of skin-derived DCs in vivo, we generated knock-in mice expressing the photoconvertible fluorescent protein KikGR. By exposing the skin or dLN of these mice to violet light, we were able to label and track the migration and turnover of endogenous skin-derived DCs. Langerhans cells and CD103+DCs, including Langerin+CD103+dermal DCs (DDCs), remained in the dLN for 4–4.5 days after migration from the skin, while CD103−DDCs persisted for only two days. Application of a skin irritant (chemical stress) induced a transient >10-fold increase in CD103−DDC migration from the skin to the dLN. Tape stripping (mechanical injury) induced a long-lasting four-fold increase in CD103−DDC migration to the dLN and accelerated the trafficking of exogenous protein antigens by these cells. Both stresses increased the turnover of CD103−DDCs within the dLN, causing these cells to die within one day of arrival. Therefore, CD103−DDCs act as sentinels against skin invasion that respond with increased cellular migration and antigen trafficking from the skin to the dLNs.
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17
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Hypertrophy of infected Peyer's patches arises from global, interferon-receptor, and CD69-independent shutdown of lymphocyte egress. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:892-904. [PMID: 24345804 PMCID: PMC4060605 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid organ hypertrophy is a hallmark of localized infection. During the inflammatory response, massive changes in lymphocyte recirculation and turnover boost lymphoid organ cellularity. Intriguingly, the exact nature of these changes remains undefined to date. Here, we report that hypertrophy of Salmonella-infected Peyer's patches (PPs) ensues from a global "shutdown" of lymphocyte egress, which traps recirculating lymphocytes in PPs. Surprisingly, infection-induced lymphocyte sequestration did not require previously proposed mediators of lymphoid organ shutdown including type I interferon receptor and CD69. In contrast, following T-cell receptor-mediated priming, CD69 was essential to selectively block CD4(+) effector T-cell egress. Our findings segregate two distinct lymphocyte sequestration mechanisms, which differentially rely on intrinsic modulation of lymphocyte egress capacity and inflammation-induced changes in the lymphoid organ environment.
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18
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Endoscopic photoconversion reveals unexpectedly broad leukocyte trafficking to and from the gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:6696-701. [PMID: 24753589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1405634111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Given mounting evidence of the importance of gut-microbiota/immune-cell interactions in immune homeostasis and responsiveness, surprisingly little is known about leukocyte movements to, and especially from, the gut. We address this topic in a minimally perturbant manner using Kaede transgenic mice, which universally express a photoconvertible fluorescent reporter. Transcutaneous exposure of the cervical lymph nodes to violet light permitted punctual tagging of immune cells specifically therein, and subsequent monitoring of their immigration to the intestine; endoscopic flashing of the descending colon allowed specific labeling of intestinal leukocytes and tracking of their emigration. Our data reveal an unexpectedly broad movement of leukocyte subsets to and from the gut at steady state, encompassing all lymphoid and myeloid populations examined. Nonetheless, different subsets showed different trafficking proclivities (e.g., regulatory T cells were more restrained than conventional T cells in their exodus from the cervical lymph nodes). The novel endoscopic approach enabled us to evidence gut-derived Th17 cells in the spleens of K/BxN mice at the onset of their genetically determined arthritis, thereby furnishing a critical mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiota, namely segmented filamentous bacteria, and an extraintestinal autoinflammatory disease.
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19
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Blood, sphingosine-1-phosphate and lymphocyte migration dynamics in the spleen. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 378:107-28. [PMID: 24728595 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ, has long been known to play important roles in immunity against blood-borne invaders. Yet how cells migrate within the spleen to ensure fast and effective responses is only now coming to light. Chemokines and oxysterols guide lymphocytes from sites of release at terminal arterioles into the lymphocyte-rich white pulp. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P-receptor-1 (S1PR1) promote lymphocyte egress from white to red pulp and back to circulation. Intravital two-photon microscopy has shown that marginal zone (MZ) B cells that are enriched between white and red pulps undergo continual oscillatory migration between the MZ and follicles, ferrying antigens. Cycles of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) mediated S1PR1 desensitization and resensitization underlie this remarkable behavior. The findings discussed in this review have implications for understanding how splenic antibody and T-cell responses are mounted, how the immunosuppressant drug FTY720 (fingolimod) affects the spleen, and how cell shuttling behaviors contribute to immunity.
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20
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Zurac S. Immune parameters in the prognosis and therapy monitoring of cutaneous melanoma patients: experience, role, and limitations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:107940. [PMID: 24163809 PMCID: PMC3791585 DOI: 10.1155/2013/107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an immune-dependent aggressive tumour. Up to our knowledge, there are no reports regarding immune parameters monitoring in longitudinal followup of melanoma patients. We report a followup for 36 months of the immune parameters of patients diagnosed in stages I-IV. The circulatory immune parameters comprised presurgery and postsurgery immune circulating peripheral cells and circulating intercommunicating cytokines. Based on our analysis, the prototype of the intratumor inflammatory infiltrate in a melanoma with good prognosis is composed of numerous T cells CD3+, few or even absent B cells CD20+, few or absent plasma cells CD138+, and present Langerhans cells CD1a+ or langerin+. Regarding circulatory immune cells, a marker that correlates with stage is CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and its decrease clearly indicates a worse prognosis of the disease. Moreover, even in advanced stages, patients that have an increased overall survival rate prove the increase of this ratio. The decrease in the circulating B lymphocytes with stage is balanced by an increase in circulating NK cells, a phenomenon observed in stage III. Out of all the tested cytokines in the followup, IL-6 level correlated with the patient's survival, while in our study, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 did not correlate statistically in a significant way with overall survival, or relapse-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Colentina University Hospital, 21 Stefan cel Mare, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Human secondary lymphoid organs typically contain polyclonally-activated proliferating regulatory T cells. Blood 2013; 122:2213-23. [PMID: 23950176 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-489443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulating regulatory T-cell (Treg) therapy is a promising strategy in autoimmunity and transplantation. However, to achieve full clinical efficacy, better understanding of in vivo human Treg biology is warranted. Here, we demonstrate that in contrast to blood and bone marrow Tregs, which showed a resting phenotype, the majority of CD4(pos)CD25(pos)CD127(neg)FoxP3(pos) Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs were proliferating activated CD69(pos)CD45RA(neg) cells with a hyperdemethylated FOXP3 gene and a broad T-cell receptor-Vβ repertoire, implying polyclonal activation. Activated CD69(pos) Tregs were distributed over both T-cell and B-cell areas, distant from Aire(pos) and CD11c(pos) cells. In contrast to the anergic peripheral blood Tregs, lymphoid organ Tregs had significant ex vivo proliferative capacity and produced cytokines like interleukin-2, while revealing similar suppressive potential. Also, next to Treg-expressing chemokine receptors important for a prolonged stay in lymphoid organs, a significant part of the cells expressed peripheral tissue-associated, functional homing markers. In conclusion, our data suggest that human secondary lymphoid organs aid in the maintenance and regulation of Treg function and homeostasis. This knowledge may be exploited for further optimization of Treg immunotherapy, for example, by ex vivo selection of Tregs with capacity to migrate to lymphoid organs providing an in vivo platform for further Treg expansion.
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22
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Tomura M. [Understanding of immune system by visualization of spatiotemporal regulation of immune cells in the entire body]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:427-33. [PMID: 23546587 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune system is high-dimensional integrated system distributed in the whole body. Many kinds of, total 10(11) of immune cells are regulated by receiving appropriate signals in appropriate places. We have been attempting to understand immune system by revealing spatiotemporal regulation of immune cells at the whole body level by "Visualization of immune response in vivo". Photoconvertible protein, "Kaede"-Tg mice allowed us to monitor cell-replacement and cell-movement in the whole body by marking cells with color of Kaede from green to red with exposure to violet light. It is applicable to small cell number populations in both lymphoid organs and also peripheral tissues under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. By using this system, we have demonstrated novel findings that "Naive CD4(+) T cell recirculation is an active process that they recirculate through lymphoid organs to seek limited niche for interacting with endogenous antigens and upregulate their function." and "Activated regulatory T cells emigrating from cutaneous immune response is responsible for termination of immune reponse." I will introduce these new tools of us and would like to discuss what is needed to understand immune system in the entire body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tomura
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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23
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Tomura M, Kabashima K. Analysis of cell movement between skin and other anatomical sites in vivo using photoconvertible fluorescent protein "Kaede"-transgenic mice. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 961:279-86. [PMID: 23325651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-227-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clarification of the spatiotemporal regulation and function of immune cells within the skin is critical to the understanding of the role of immune cells and the skin in immune homeostasis. Here, we describe a novel assay system for monitoring cell movements in the entire body using the photoconvertible fluorescent protein "Kaede"-transgenic (Tg) mice. We can label immune cells by the change in color of Kaede from green to red in these cells following exposure to violet light and track these cells in the entire body. The Kaede-Tg system is an ideal tool for monitoring precise cellular movements between the skin and other anatomical sites in vivo at different stages of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tomura
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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24
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Bromley SK, Yan S, Tomura M, Kanagawa O, Luster AD. Recirculating memory T cells are a unique subset of CD4+ T cells with a distinct phenotype and migratory pattern. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:970-6. [PMID: 23255361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several populations of memory T cells have been described that differ in their migration and function. In this study, we have identified a unique subset of memory T cells, which we have named recirculating memory T cells (T(RCM)). By exposing Kaede transgenic mouse skin to violet light, we tracked the fate of cutaneous T cells. One population of memory CD4(+) T cells remained in the skin. A second population migrated from the skin into draining lymph nodes (LNs) in a CCR7-dependent manner. These migrating CD4(+) T cells expressed a novel cell surface phenotype (CCR7(int/+)CD62L(int)CD69(-)CD103(+/-) E-selectin ligands(+)) that is distinct from memory T cell subsets described to date. Unlike memory T cell subsets that remain resident within tissues long-term, or that migrate either exclusively between lymphoid tissues or into peripheral nonlymphoid sites, CD4(+) T(RCM) migrate from the skin into draining LNs. From the draining LNs, CD4(+) T(RCM) reenter into the circulation, distal LNs, and sites of non-specific cutaneous inflammation. In addition, CD4(+) T(RCM) upregulated CD40L and secreted IL-2 following polyclonal stimulation. Our results identify a novel subset of recirculating memory CD4(+) T cells equipped to deliver help to both distal lymphoid and cutaneous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Bromley
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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25
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Kotani M, Kikuta J, Klauschen F, Chino T, Kobayashi Y, Yasuda H, Tamai K, Miyawaki A, Kanagawa O, Tomura M, Ishii M. Systemic circulation and bone recruitment of osteoclast precursors tracked by using fluorescent imaging techniques. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:605-12. [PMID: 23241888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing polykaryons differentiated from monocyte/macrophage-lineage hematopoietic precursors. It remains unclear whether osteoclasts originate from circulating blood monocytes or from bone tissue-resident precursors. To address this question, we combined two different experimental procedures: 1) shared blood circulation "parabiosis" with fluorescently labeled osteoclast precursors, and 2) photoconversion-based cell tracking with a Kikume Green-Red protein (KikGR). In parabiosis, CX(3)CR1-EGFP knock-in mice in which osteoclast precursors were labeled with EGFP were surgically connected with wild-type mice to establish a shared circulation. Mature EGFP(+) osteoclasts were found in the bones of the wild-type mice, indicating the mobilization of EGFP(+) osteoclast precursors into bones from systemic circulation. Receptor activator for NF-κB ligand stimulation increased the number of EGFP(+) osteoclasts in wild-type mice, suggesting that this mobilization depends on the bone resorption state. Additionally, KikGR(+) monocytes (including osteoclast precursors) in the spleen were exposed to violet light, and 2 d later we detected photoconverted "red" KikGR(+) osteoclasts along the bone surfaces. These results indicate that circulating monocytes from the spleen entered the bone spaces and differentiated into mature osteoclasts during a certain period. The current study used fluorescence-based methods clearly to demonstrate that osteoclasts can be generated from circulating monocytes once they home to bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manato Kotani
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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de Oliveira VL, Keijsers RRMC, van de Kerkhof PCM, Seyger MMB, Fasse E, Svensson L, Latta M, Norsgaard H, Labuda T, Hupkens P, van Erp PEJ, Joosten I, Koenen HJPM. Humanized mouse model of skin inflammation is characterized by disturbed keratinocyte differentiation and influx of IL-17A producing T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45509. [PMID: 23094018 PMCID: PMC3477148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mouse models offer a challenging possibility to study human cell function in vivo. In the huPBL-SCID-huSkin allograft model human skin is transplanted onto immunodeficient mice and allowed to heal. Thereafter allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are infused intra peritoneally to induce T cell mediated inflammation and microvessel destruction of the human skin. This model has great potential for in vivo study of human immune cells in (skin) inflammatory processes and for preclinical screening of systemically administered immunomodulating agents. Here we studied the inflammatory skin response of human keratinocytes and human T cells and the concomitant systemic human T cell response. As new findings in the inflamed human skin of the huPBL-SCID-huSkin model we here identified: 1. Parameters of dermal pathology that enable precise quantification of the local skin inflammatory response exemplified by acanthosis, increased expression of human β-defensin-2, Elafin, K16, Ki67 and reduced expression of K10 by microscopy and immunohistochemistry. 2. Induction of human cytokines and chemokines using quantitative real-time PCR. 3. Influx of inflammation associated IL-17A-producing human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as immunoregulatory CD4+Foxp3+ cells using immunohistochemistry and -fluorescence, suggesting that active immune regulation is taking place locally in the inflamed skin. 4. Systemic responses that revealed activated and proliferating human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that acquired homing marker expression of CD62L and CLA. Finally, we demonstrated the value of the newly identified parameters by showing significant changes upon systemic treatment with the T cell inhibitory agents cyclosporine-A and rapamycin. In summary, here we equipped the huPBL-SCID-huSkin humanized mouse model with relevant tools not only to quantify the inflammatory dermal response, but also to monitor the peripheral immune status. This combined approach will gain our understanding of the dermal immunopathology in humans and benefit the development of novel therapeutics for controlling inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian L. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romy R. M. C. Keijsers
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dermatology Department, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke M. B. Seyger
- Dermatology Department, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Fasse
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Svensson
- Department of Disease Pharmacology, LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Markus Latta
- Department of Disease Pharmacology, LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Hanne Norsgaard
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Tord Labuda
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Pieter Hupkens
- Department of Plastic Surgery Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet E. J. van Erp
- Dermatology Department, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. P. M. Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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27
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Cyster JG, Schwab SR. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 30:69-94. [PMID: 22149932 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Much has been learned about how cells enter lymphoid tissues. But how do they leave? Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has emerged over the past decade as a central mediator of lymphocyte egress. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how S1P promotes exit from the secondary lymphoid organs and thymus. We review what is known about additional requirements for emigration and summarize the mostly distinct requirements for exit from the bone marrow. Egress from lymphoid organs is limited during immune responses, and we examine how this regulation works. There is accumulating evidence for roles of S1P in directing immune cell behavior within lymphoid tissues. How such actions can fit together with the egress-promoting role of S1P is discussed. Finally, we examine current understanding of how FTY720, a drug that targets S1P receptors and is approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, causes immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0414, USA.
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Marleau AM, Sarvetnick NE. IL-18 is required for self-reactive T cell expansion in NOD mice. J Autoimmun 2011; 36:263-77. [PMID: 21414755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 has a well-established role in pro-inflammatory responses in the islets in type 1 diabetes. Here, we identify a distinctive role for IL-18 in expanding pathogenic T cells in the periphery of NOD mice. Well in advance of disease onset, the periphery of IL-18-deficient mice exhibits reduced T cell turnover, an increased prevalence of naïve and quiescent T cells, emergence of fewer effector T cells, and disease protection. Islet-reactive T cells fail to become activated in the lymphoid organs of mice lacking IL-18 and their rapid expansion is inhibited. IL-18 secretion by antigen presenting cells increases with advancing disease and is required for expression of its receptor on T cells. Our results demonstrate that induction of the IL-18 receptor reflects a critical stage of autoreactive T cell activation and expansion on the pathway toward effector T cell differentiation. This study therefore assigns a novel role to IL-18 for expanding the pool of islet-destructive T cells during pre-diabetes. This report highlights a new basic mechanism in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and suggests that targeting the IL-18 pathway should be explored as a potential treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Marleau
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Harp JR, Gilchrist MA, Onami TM. Memory T cells are enriched in lymph nodes of selectin-ligand-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5751-61. [PMID: 20937846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII double knockout (FtDKO) mice reveal profound impairment in T cell trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) due to an inability to synthesize selectin ligands. We observed an increase in the proportion of memory/effector (CD44(high)) T cells in LNs of FtDKO mice. We infected FtDKO mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to generate and track Ag-specific CD44(high)CD8 T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Although frequencies were similar, total Ag-specific effector CD44(high)CD8 T cells were significantly reduced in LNs, but not blood, of FtDKO mice at day 8. In contrast, frequencies of Ag-specific memory CD44(high)CD8 T cells were up to 8-fold higher in LNs of FtDKO mice at day 60. Because wild-type mice treated with anti-CD62L treatment also showed increased frequencies of CD44(high) T cells in LNs, we hypothesized that memory T cells were preferentially retained in, or preferentially migrated to, FtDKO LNs. We analyzed T cell entry and egress in LNs using adoptive transfer of bone fide naive or memory T cells. Memory T cells were not retained longer in LNs compared with naive T cells; however, T cell exit slowed significantly as T cell numbers declined. Memory T cells were profoundly impaired in entering LNs of FtDKO mice; however, memory T cells exhibited greater homeostatic proliferation in FtDKO mice. These results suggest that memory T cells are enriched in LNs with T cell deficits by several mechanisms, including longer T cell retention and increased homeostatic proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Harp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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