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Crespo R, Ne E, Reinders J, Meier JI, Li C, Jansen S, Górska A, Koçer S, Kan TW, Doff W, Dekkers D, Demmers J, Palstra RJ, Rao S, Mahmoudi T. PCID2 dysregulates transcription and viral RNA processing to promote HIV-1 latency. iScience 2024; 27:109152. [PMID: 38384833 PMCID: PMC10879814 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 latency results from tightly regulated molecular processes that act at distinct steps of HIV-1 gene expression. Here, we characterize PCI domain-containing 2 (PCID2) protein, a subunit of the transcription and export complex 2 (TREX2) complex, to enforce transcriptional repression and post-transcriptional blocks to HIV-1 gene expression during latency. PCID2 bound the latent HIV-1 LTR (long terminal repeat) and repressed transcription initiation during latency. Depletion of PCID2 remodeled the chromatin landscape at the HIV-1 promoter and resulted in transcriptional activation and latency reversal. Immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry identified PCID2-interacting proteins to include negative viral RNA (vRNA) splicing regulators, and PCID2 depletion resulted in over-splicing of intron-containing vRNA in cell lines and primary cells obtained from PWH. MCM3AP and DSS1, two other RNA-binding TREX2 complex subunits, also inhibit transcription initiation and vRNA alternative splicing during latency. Thus, PCID2 is a novel HIV-1 latency-promoting factor, which in context of the TREX2 sub-complex PCID2-DSS1-MCM3AP blocks transcription and dysregulates vRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Ne
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Reinders
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny I.J. Meier
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alicja Górska
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Selin Koçer
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Doff
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee679a PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Dekkers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee679a PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee679a PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Sakai Y, Kuwahara K. Carcinogenesis caused by transcription-coupled DNA damage through GANP and other components of the TREX-2 complex. Pathol Int 2024; 74:103-118. [PMID: 38411330 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Perturbation of genes is important for somatic hypermutation to increase antibody affinity during B-cell immunity; however, it may also promote carcinogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that transcription is an important process that can induce DNA damage and genomic instability. Transciption-export-2 (TREX-2) complex, which regulates messenger RNA (mRNA) nuclear export, has been studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, recent studies have started investigating the molecular function of the mammalian TREX-2 complex. The central molecule in the TREX-2 complex, that is, germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP), is closely associated with antibody affinity maturation as well as cancer etiology. In this review, we focus on carcinogenesis, lymphomagenesis, and teratomagenesis caused by transcription-coupled DNA damage through GANP and other components of the TREX-2 complex. We review the basic machinery of mRNA nuclear export and transcription-coupled DNA damage. We then briefly describe the immunological relationship between GANP and the affinity maturation of antibodies. Finally, we illustrate that the aberrant expression of the components of the TREX-2 complex, especially GANP, is associated with the etiology of various solid tumors, lymphomas, and testicular teratoma. These components serve as reliable predictors of cancer prognosis and response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Bouroutzika E, Proikakis S, Theodosiadou EK, Vougas K, Katsafadou AI, Tsangaris GT, Valasi I. Proteomics Analysis of Pregnancy in Ewes under Heat Stress Conditions and Melatonin Administration. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:400. [PMID: 38338042 PMCID: PMC10854642 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine with broad spectrum properties that acts as a regulator of antioxidant and immune response in organisms. In our previous studies, melatonin improved redox status and inflammatory response in pregnant ewes under heat stress conditions. In the present study, using proteomics, the proteins regulated by melatonin during different stages of pregnancy and lambing were assessed. Twenty-two ewes equally divided into two groups, the melatonin (M) (n = 11) and control (C) group (n = 11), participated in the study and were exposed to heat stress during the first months of pregnancy. In the M group, melatonin implants were administered throughout pregnancy, every 40 days, until parturition (a total of four implants per ewe). Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study simultaneously with the administration of the first melatonin implant (blood samples M1, C1), mating (M2, C2), second implant (M3, C3), fourth implant (M4, C4) and parturition (M5, C5), and MALDI-TOF analysis was performed. The results revealed the existence of 42 extra proteins in samples M2, M3 and M4 and 53 in M5 (sample at parturition) that are linked to melatonin. The biological processes of these proteins refer to boosted immune response, the alleviation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, energy metabolism, the protection of the maternal organism and embryo development. This proteomics analysis indicates that melatonin regulates protective mechanisms and controls cell proliferation under exogenous or endogenous stressful stimuli during pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efterpi Bouroutzika
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43131 Karditsa, Greece; (E.B.); (E.K.T.)
| | - Stavros Proikakis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Konstantinos Vougas
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.V.), (G.T.T.)
| | | | - George T. Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.V.), (G.T.T.)
| | - Irene Valasi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43131 Karditsa, Greece; (E.B.); (E.K.T.)
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4
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Estrada‐Reyes ZM, Ogunade IM, Pech‐Cervantes AA, Terrill TH. Copy number variant-based genome wide association study reveals immune-related genes associated with parasite resistance in a heritage sheep breed from the United States. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12943. [PMID: 36071651 PMCID: PMC9786709 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Florida Native is a heritage sheep breed in the United States and expresses superior ability to regulate gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the importance of copy number variants (CNVs) on resistance to natural Haemonchus contortus infections. A total of 300 Florida Native sheep were evaluated. Phenotypic records included fecal egg count (FEC, eggs/gram), FAMACHA© score, percentage cell volume (PCV, %), body condition score (BCS) and average daily gain (ADG, kg). Sheep were genotyped using the GGP Ovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Log ratios from 45.2 k SNP markers spanning the entire genome were utilized for CNV detection. After quality control, 261 animals with CNVs and phenotypic records were used for the association testing. Association tests were carried out using correlation-trend test and principal component analysis correction to identify CNVs associated with FEC, FAMACHA©, PCV, BCS and ADG. Significant CNVs were detected when their adjusted p-value was <.05 after FDR correction. A total of 8124 CNVs were identified, which gave 246 non-overlapping CNVs. Fourteen CNVs were significantly associated with FEC and PCV. CNVs associated with FEC overlapped 14 Quantitative Trait Locus previously associated with H. contortus resistance. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CNVs could be potentially involved with parasite resistance in Florida Native sheep. Immune-related genes such as CCL1, CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, NOS2, TNF, CSF3 and STAT3 genes could play an important role for controlling H. contortus resistance. These genes could be potentially utilized as candidate markers for selection of parasite resistance in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira M. Estrada‐Reyes
- Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ibukun M. Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional ScienceWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Andres A. Pech‐Cervantes
- College of Agricultural, Family Sciences, and TechnologyFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgiaUSA
| | - Thomas H. Terrill
- College of Agricultural, Family Sciences, and TechnologyFort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgiaUSA
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5
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Gondo N, Sakai Y, Zhang Z, Hato Y, Kuzushima K, Phimsen S, Kawashima Y, Kuroda M, Suzuki M, Okada S, Iwata H, Toyama T, Rezano A, Kuwahara K. Increased chemosensitivity via BRCA2-independent DNA damage in DSS1- and PCID2-depleted breast carcinomas. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1048-1059. [PMID: 34031538 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women, is closely associated with mutations in the tumor suppressor gene BRCA. DSS1, a component of the TRanscription-EXport-2 (TREX-2) complex involved in transcription and mRNA nuclear export, stabilizes BRCA2 expression. DSS1 is also related to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer owing to the induction of chemoresistance. Recently, BRCA2 was shown to be associated with the TREX-2 component PCID2, which prevents DNA:RNA hybrid R-loop formation and transcription-coupled DNA damage. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of these TREX-2 components and BRCA2 in the chemosensitivity of breast carcinomas. Our results showed that compared with that in normal breast tissues, DSS1 expression was upregulated in human breast carcinoma, whereas PCID2 expression was comparable between normal and malignant tissues. We then compared patient survival time among groups divided by high or low expressions of DSS1, BRCA2, and PCID2. Increased DSS1 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in recurrence-free survival time, whereas no differences were detected in the high and low BRCA2 and PCID2 expression groups. We performed in vitro analyses, including propidium iodide nuclear staining, single-cell gel electrophoresis, and clonogenic survival assays, using breast carcinoma cell lines. The results confirmed that DSS1 depletion significantly increased chemosensitivity, whereas overexpression conferred chemoresistance to breast cancer cell lines; however, BRCA2 expression did not affect chemosensitivity. Similar to DSS1, PCID2 expression was also inversely correlated with chemosensitivity. These results strongly suggest that DSS1 and PCID2 depletion is closely associated with increased chemosensitivity via BRCA2-independent DNA damage. Together with the finding that DSS1 is not highly expressed in normal breast tissues, these results demonstrate that DSS1 depletion confers a druggable trait and may contribute to the development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies to treat DSS1-depleted breast carcinomas independent of BRCA2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Gondo
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yukari Hato
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kuzushima
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suchada Phimsen
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Yoshiaki Kawashima
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Retroviral Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyama
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andri Rezano
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
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6
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Glukhova AA, Kurshakova MM, Nabirochkina EN, Georgieva SG, Kopytova DV. PCID2, a subunit of the Drosophila TREX-2 nuclear export complex, is essential for both mRNA nuclear export and its subsequent cytoplasmic trafficking. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1969-1980. [PMID: 33602059 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The TREX-2 complex is essential for the general nuclear mRNA export in eukaryotes. TREX-2 interacts with the nuclear pore and transcriptional apparatus and links transcription to the mRNA export. However, it remains poorly understood how the TREX-2-dependent nuclear export is connected to the subsequent stages of mRNA trafficking. Here, we show that the PCID2 subunit of Drosophila TREX-2 is present in the cytoplasm of the cell. The cytoplasmic PCID2 directly interacts with the NudC protein and this interaction maintains its stability in the cytoplasm. Moreover, PCID2 is associated with the cytoplasmic mRNA and microtubules. The PCID2 knockdown blocks nuclear export of mRNA and also affects the general mRNA transport into the cytoplasm. These data suggest that PCID2 could be the link between the nuclear TREX-2-dependent export and the subsequent cytoplasmic trafficking of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Glukhova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Kurshakova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Nabirochkina
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Georgieva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Kopytova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Sakai Y, Phimsen S, Okada S, Kuwahara K. The critical role of germinal center-associated nuclear protein in cell biology, immunohematology, and hematolymphoid oncogenesis. Exp Hematol 2020; 90:30-38. [PMID: 32827560 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is a unique and multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in cell biology, neurodegenerative disorders, immunohematology, and oncogenesis. GANP is an orthologue of Saccharomyces Sac3, one of the components of the transcription export 2 (TREX-2) complex and a messenger RNA (mRNA) nuclear export factor. GANP is widely conserved in all mammals, including humans. Although GANP was originally discovered as a molecule upregulated in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid follicles in peripheral lymphoid organs, it is expressed ubiquitously in many tissues. It serves numerous functions, including making up part of the mammalian TREX-2 complex; mRNA nuclear export via nuclear pores; prevention of R-loop formation, genomic instability, and hyper-recombination; and B-cell affinity maturation. In this review, we first overview the extensive analyses that have revealed the basic functions of GANP and its ancestor molecule Sac3, including mRNA nuclear export and regulation of R-loop formation. We then describe how aberrant expression of GANP is significantly associated with cancer development. Moreover, we discuss a crucial role for GANP in B-cell development, especially affinity maturation in germinal centers. Finally, we illustrate that overexpression of GANP in B cells leads to lymphomagenesis resembling Hodgkin lymphoma derived from germinal center B cells, and that GANP may be involved in transdifferentiation of B cells to macrophages, which strongly affects Hodgkin lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Suchada Phimsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Retroviral Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
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8
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Zhang J, Malo D, Mott R, Panthier JJ, Montagutelli X, Jaubert J. Identification of new loci involved in the host susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium in collaborative cross mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:303. [PMID: 29703142 PMCID: PMC5923191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium causing a wide range of clinical syndromes ranging from typhoid fever to diarrheic disease. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars infect humans and animals, causing important health burden in the world. Susceptibility to salmonellosis varies between individuals under the control of host genes, as demonstrated by the identification of over 20 genetic loci in various mouse crosses. We have investigated the host response to S. Typhimurium infection in 35 Collaborative Cross (CC) strains, a genetic population which involves wild-derived strains that had not been previously assessed. Results One hundred and forty-eight mice from 35 CC strains were challenged intravenously with 1000 colony-forming units (CFUs) of S. Typhimurium. Bacterial load was measured in spleen and liver at day 4 post-infection. CC strains differed significantly (P < 0.0001) in spleen and liver bacterial loads, while sex and age had no effect. Two significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 8 and 10 and one suggestive QTL on chromosome 1 were found for spleen bacterial load, while two suggestive QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 17 were found for liver bacterial load. These QTLs are caused by distinct allelic patterns, principally involving alleles originating from the wild-derived founders. Using sequence variations between the eight CC founder strains combined with database mining for expression in target organs and known immune phenotypes, we were able to refine the QTLs intervals and establish a list of the most promising candidate genes. Furthermore, we identified one strain, CC042/GeniUnc (CC042), as highly susceptible to S. Typhimurium infection. Conclusions By exploring a broader genetic variation, the Collaborative Cross population has revealed novel loci of resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium. It also led to the identification of CC042 as an extremely susceptible strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4667-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Malo
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Mott
- University College London, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - Jean-Jacques Panthier
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean Jaubert
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Suppression of SRCAP chromatin remodelling complex and restriction of lymphoid lineage commitment by Pcid2. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1518. [PMID: 29138493 PMCID: PMC5686073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid lineage commitment is an important process in haematopoiesis, which forms the immune system to protect the host from pathogen invasion. However, how multipotent progenitors (MPP) switch into common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) or common myeloid progenitors (CMP) during this process remains elusive. Here we show that PCI domain-containing protein 2 (Pcid2) is highly expressed in MPPs. Pcid2 deletion in the haematopoietic system causes skewed lymphoid lineage specification. In MPPs, Pcid2 interacts with the Zinc finger HIT-type containing 1 (ZNHIT1) to block Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein (SRCAP) activity and prevents the deposition of histone variant H2A.Z and transcription factor PU.1 to key lymphoid fate regulator genes. Furthermore, Znhit1 deletion also abrogates H2A/H2A.Z exchange in MPPs. Thus Pcid2 controls lymphoid lineage commitment through the regulation of SRCAP remodelling activity.
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10
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Sakaguchi N, Maeda K. Germinal Center B-Cell-Associated Nuclear Protein (GANP) Involved in RNA Metabolism for B Cell Maturation. Adv Immunol 2016; 131:135-86. [PMID: 27235683 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center B-cell-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is upregulated in germinal center B cells against T-cell-dependent antigens in mice and humans. In mice, GANP depletion in B cells impairs antibody affinity maturation. Conversely, its transgenic overexpression augments the generation of high-affinity antigen-specific B cells. GANP associates with AID in the cytoplasm, shepherds AID into the nucleus, and augments its access to the rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) region of the genome in B cells, thereby precipitating the somatic hypermutation of V region genes. GANP is also upregulated in human CD4(+) T cells and is associated with APOBEC3G (A3G). GANP interacts with A3G and escorts it to the virion cores to potentiate its antiretroviral activity by inactivating HIV-1 genomic cDNA. Thus, GANP is characterized as a cofactor associated with AID/APOBEC cytidine deaminase family molecules in generating diversity of the IgV region of the genome and genetic alterations of exogenously introduced viral targets. GANP, encoded by human chromosome 21, as well as its mouse equivalent on chromosome 10, contains a region homologous to Saccharomyces Sac3 that was characterized as a component of the transcription/export 2 (TREX-2) complex and was predicted to be involved in RNA export and metabolism in mammalian cells. The metabolism of RNA during its maturation, from the transcription site at the chromosome within the nucleus to the cytoplasmic translation apparatus, needs to be elaborated with regard to acquired and innate immunity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on GANP as a component of TREX-2 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sakaguchi
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Maeda
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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11
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Sun L, Hartson SD, Matts RL. Identification of proteins associated with Aha1 in HeLa cells by quantitative proteomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:365-80. [PMID: 25614414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the activator of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) ATPase's (Aha1) protein-protein interaction (PPI) network will provide critical insights into the relationship of Aha1 with multi-molecular complexes and shed light onto Aha1's interconnections with Hsp90-regulated biological functions. Flag-tagged Aha1 was over-expressed in HeLa cells and isolated by anti-Flag affinity pull downs, followed by trypsin digestion and identification co-adsorbing proteins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). A probability-based identification of Aha1 PPIs was generated from the LC-MS/MS analysis by using a relative quantification strategy, spectral counting (SC). By comparing the SC-based protein levels between Aha1 pull-down samples and negative controls, 164 Aha1-interacting proteins were identified that were quantitatively enriched in the pull-down samples over the controls. The identified Aha1-interacting proteins are involved in a wide number of intracellular bioprocesses, including DNA maintenance, chromatin structure, RNA processing, translation, nucleocytoplasmic and vesicle transport, among others. The interactions of 33 of the identified proteins with Aha1 were further confirmed by Western blotting, demonstrating the reliability of our affinity-purification-coupled quantitative SC-MS strategy. Our proteomic data suggests that Aha1 may participate in diverse biological pathways to facilitate Hsp90 chaperone functions in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Steven D Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Robert L Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Wang X, Gupta P, Fairbanks J, Hansen D. Protein kinase CK2 both promotes robust proliferation and inhibits the proliferative fate in the C. elegans germ line. Dev Biol 2014; 392:26-41. [PMID: 24824786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of both self-renewal (proliferation) and differentiation. Determining the regulatory mechanisms controlling the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation is not only an important biological question, but also holds the key for using stem cells as therapeutic agents. The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line has emerged as a valuable model to study the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell behavior. In this study, we describe a large-scale RNAi screen that identified kin-10, which encodes the β subunit of protein kinase CK2, as a novel factor regulating stem cell proliferation in the C. elegans germ line. While a loss of kin-10 in an otherwise wild-type background results in a decrease in the number of proliferative cells, loss of kin-10 in sensitized genetic backgrounds results in a germline tumor. Therefore, kin-10 is not only necessary for robust proliferation, it also inhibits the proliferative fate. We found that kin-10's regulatory role in inhibiting the proliferative fate is carried out through the CK2 holoenzyme, rather than through a holoenzyme-independent function, and that it functions downstream of GLP-1/Notch signaling. We propose that a loss of kin-10 leads to a defect in CK2 phosphorylation of its downstream targets, resulting in abnormal activity of target protein(s) that are involved in the proliferative fate vs. differentiation decision. This eventually causes a shift towards the proliferative fate in the stem cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Pratyush Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Jared Fairbanks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Dave Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
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13
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YE B, Dai Z, Liu B, Wang R, Li C, Huang G, Wang S, Xia P, Yang X, Kuwahara K, Sakaguchi N, Fan Z. Pcid2 Inactivates Developmental Genes in Human and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Sustain Their Pluripotency by Modulation of EID1 Stability. Stem Cells 2014; 32:623-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buqing YE
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Dai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Benyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Guanling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Nobuo Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
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Cunningham CN, Schmidt CA, Schramm NJ, Gaylord MR, Resendes KK. Human TREX2 components PCID2 and centrin 2, but not ENY2, have distinct functions in protein export and co-localize to the centrosome. Exp Cell Res 2013; 320:209-18. [PMID: 24291146 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
TREX-2 is a five protein complex, conserved from yeast to humans, involved in linking mRNA transcription and export. The centrin 2 subunit of TREX-2 is also a component of the centrosome and is additionally involved in a distinctly different process of nuclear protein export. While centrin 2 is a known multifunctional protein, the roles of other human TREX-2 complex proteins other than mRNA export are not known. In this study, we found that human TREX-2 member PCID2 but not ENY2 is involved in some of the same cellular processes as those of centrin 2 apart from the classical TREX-2 function. PCID2 is present at the centrosome in a subset of HeLa cells and this localization is centrin 2 dependent. Furthermore, the presence of PCID2 at the centrosome is prevalent throughout the cell cycle as determined by co-staining with cyclins E, A and B. PCID2 but not ENY2 is also involved in protein export. Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of PCID2 delayed the rate of nuclear protein export, a mechanism distinct from the effects of centrin 2, which when knocked down inhibits export. Finally we showed that co-depletion of centrin 2 and PCID2 leads to blocking rather than delaying nuclear protein export, indicating the dominance of the centrin 2 phenotype. Together these results represent the first discovery of specific novel functions for PCID2 other than mRNA export and suggest that components of the TREX-2 complex serve alternative shared roles in the regulation of nuclear transport and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey N Cunningham
- Westminster College, Department of Biology, 319 South Market Street, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA
| | - Casey A Schmidt
- Westminster College, Department of Biology, 319 South Market Street, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Schramm
- Westminster College, Department of Biology, 319 South Market Street, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA
| | - Michelle R Gaylord
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California - San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0347, La Jolla, CA 92093-0347, USA
| | - Karen K Resendes
- Westminster College, Department of Biology, 319 South Market Street, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA.
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15
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Rezano A, Kuwahara K, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Kitabatake M, Moolthiya P, Phimsen S, Suda T, Tone S, Yamamoto Y, Iwase H, Sakaguchi N. Breast cancers with high DSS1 expression that potentially maintains BRCA2 stability have poor prognosis in the relapse-free survival. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:562. [PMID: 24289229 PMCID: PMC4219476 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic BRCA2 insufficiency is associated with breast cancer development; however, in sporadic breast cancer cases, high BRCA2 expression is paradoxically correlated with poor prognosis. Because DSS1, a mammalian component of the transcription/RNA export complex, is known to stabilize BRCA2, we investigated how the expression of DSS1 is associated with clinical parameters in breast cancers. Methods DSS1 mRNA and p53 protein were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer specimens to classify DSS1high and DSS1low or p53high and p53low groups. Patient survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier method. DSS1high or DSS1low breast cancer cells were prepared by retroviral cDNA transfection or DSS1 siRNA on proliferation, cell cycle progression, and survival by flow cytometric analyses with or without anti-cancer drugs. Results In comparison to patients with low levels of DSS1, high-DSS1 patients showed a poorer prognosis, with respect to relapse-free survival period. The effect of DSS1 was examined in breast cancer cells in vitro. DSS1 high-expression reduces the susceptibility of MCF7 cells to DNA-damaging drugs, as observed in cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. DSS1 knockdown, however, increased the susceptibility to the DNA-damaging drugs camptothecin and etoposide and caused early apoptosis in p53 wild type MCF7 and p53-insufficient MDA-MB-231 cells. DSS1 knockdown suppresses the proliferation of drug-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, particularly effectively in combination with DNA-damaging agents. Conclusion Breast cancers with high DSS1 expression have worse prognosis and shorter relapse-free survival times. DSS1 is necessary to rescue cells from DNA damage, but high DSS1 expression increases drug resistance. We suggest that DSS1 expression could be a useful marker for drug resistance in breast cancers, and DSS1 knockdown can induce tumor apoptosis when used in combination with DNA-damaging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Rezano
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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Abstract
Megakaryopoiesis is the process by which bone marrow progenitor cells develop into mature megakaryocytes (MKs), which in turn produce platelets required for normal haemostasis. Over the past decade, molecular mechanisms that contribute to MK development and differentiation have begun to be elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of megakaryopoiesis and summarise the latest developments in this field. Specially, we focus on polyploidisation, a unique form of the cell cycle that allows MKs to increase their DNA content, and the genes that regulate this process. In addition, because MKs have an important role in the pathogenesis of acute megakaryocytic leukaemia and a subset of myeloproliferative neoplasms, including essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis, we discuss the biology and genetics of these disorders. We anticipate that an increased understanding of normal MK differentiation will provide new insights into novel therapeutic approaches that will directly benefit patients.
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Sakaguchi N, Maeda K, Kuwahara K. Molecular mechanism of immunoglobulin V-region diversification regulated by transcription and RNA metabolism in antigen-driven B cells. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:520-6. [PMID: 21388430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The immune system produces specific antibodies (Ab) against any antigens (Ag) of exogenous and endogenous origins with a diverse repertoire of V-region specificities. The primary V-region repertoire is created by the rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) V-region, D- and J-segments with the insertion of N- and P-sequences during early B cell differentiation. Recent studies revealed that secondary diversification of the IgV-region generated in the peripheral lymphoid organs plays a critical role in the generation of effective Ab production for protection from various pathogens. Naïve B cells that react with Ags initiate proliferation and differentiation in the follicular region and create the germinal centres (GCs), where activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent IgV-region somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination generate high-affinity and class-switched mature Ag-specific B cells. Our studies have discovered a 210-kDa nuclear protein, named GC-associated nuclear protein (GANP) that is up-regulated in GC B cells during the T cell-dependent (TD) immune responses. By studying mice with mutant forms of the ganp gene, we demonstrated that GANP is essential for the generation of high-affinity B cells against TD-Ag by affecting SHM at the IgV-regions. GANP is associated with AID in the cytoplasm and the GANP/AID complex is recruited to the nucleus, specifically, the chromatin, and targeted selectively to the IgV-region gene in B cells. GANP augments the access of AID towards IgV-regions in B cells. Here, we review the role of GANP in acquired immunity through the detailed analysis of the molecular mechanism generating SHM specifically at IgV-regions in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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