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Feng Y, Yang M, Wu H, Lu Q. The pathological role of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: From basic research to clinical. Autoimmunity 2019; 53:56-64. [PMID: 31876195 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that often occurs in females of child-bearing age. It involves multiple systems and severely threatens human life. One of the typical characteristics of SLE is the formation of immune complexes with autoantibodies produced by B cells that target various autoantigens, thus indicating the pivotal role of B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE. Increasing evidence has shown abnormal expression of B cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Moreover, numerous studies have shown that B cells in SLE patients are abnormally activated, as well as aberrantly differentiated, and are involved in the inflammatory cytokine milieu, abnormal transcription factor activity, and signalling pathways. Several biological therapies targeting B cells, such as anti-CD20 antibodies, have been intensively studied in preclinical and clinical trials. However, the results have not met expectations. Therefore, new therapies targeting B cells are in great need. This review will summarize the latest progress in basic research on B cells to better understand the pathogenesis of SLE and will discuss the outcomes of B-cell-targeting treatments that provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies for SLE. Studies have clarified high levels of IL-21 in serum from SLE patients and animal models. IL-21 promotes B cell differentiation, which results in antibodies accumulation leads to SLE. Therefore, further studies on IL-21 will give new perspectives on SLE treatments. In addition, the application of drugs targeting plasma cell depletion in SLE patients may also achieve satisfied results in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Simoni L, Delgado V, Ruer-Laventie J, Bouis D, Soley A, Heyer V, Robert I, Gies V, Martin T, Korganow AS, Reina-San-Martin B, Soulas-Sprauel P. Trib1 Is Overexpressed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, While It Regulates Immunoglobulin Production in Murine B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:373. [PMID: 29599769 PMCID: PMC5862796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe and heterogeneous autoimmune disease
with a complex genetic etiology, characterized by the production of various
pathogenic autoantibodies, which participate in end-organ damages. The majority of
human SLE occurs in adults as a polygenic disease, and clinical flares interspersed
with silent phases of various lengths characterize the usual evolution of the disease
in time. Trying to understand the mechanism of the different phenotypic traits of the
disease, and considering the central role of B cells in SLE, we previously performed
a detailed wide analysis of gene expression variation in B cells from quiescent SLE
patients. This analysis pointed out an overexpression of TRIB1.
TRIB1 is a pseudokinase that has been implicated in the development of leukemia and
also metabolic disorders. It is hypothesized that Trib1 plays an adapter or scaffold
function in signaling pathways, notably in MAPK pathways. Therefore, we planned to
understand the functional significance of TRIB1 overexpression in B
cells in SLE. We produced a new knock-in model with B-cell-specific overexpression of
Trib1. We showed that overexpression of Trib1
specifically in B cells does not impact B cell development nor induce any development
of SLE symptoms in the mice. By contrast, Trib1 has a negative regulatory function on
the production of immunoglobulins, notably IgG1, but also on the production of
autoantibodies in an induced model. We observed a decrease of Erk activation in
BCR-stimulated Trib1 overexpressing B cells. Finally, we searched
for Trib1 partners in B cells by proteomic analysis in order to explore the
regulatory function of Trib1 in B cells. Interestingly, we find an interaction
between Trib1 and CD72, a negative regulator of B cells whose deficiency in mice
leads to the development of autoimmunity. In conclusion, the overexpression of
Trib1 could be one of the molecular pathways implicated in the
negative regulation of B cells during SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Simoni
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginia Delgado
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Ruer-Laventie
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Bouis
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Soley
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Martin
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- CNRS UPR 3572 "Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry"/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,UFR Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UFR Sciences pharmaceutiques, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Akatsu C, Shinagawa K, Numoto N, Liu Z, Ucar AK, Aslam M, Phoon S, Adachi T, Furukawa K, Ito N, Tsubata T. CD72 negatively regulates B lymphocyte responses to the lupus-related endogenous toll-like receptor 7 ligand Sm/RNP. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2691-2706. [PMID: 27810925 PMCID: PMC5110020 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Akatsu and colleagues show that CD72 specifically recognizes Sm/RNP, a lupus-related self-antigen and an endogenous TLR7 ligand, and inhibits B cell responses to Sm/RNP. In mice, CD72 prevents production of anti-Sm/RNP antibodies crucial for lupus development. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) plays an essential role in development of systemic lupus erythematosus by co-stimulating B cells reactive to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/ribonucleoprotein (RNP), a crucial lupus self-antigen. However, how the TLR7-mediated autoimmune response is regulated is not yet known. In this study, we demonstrate that CD72, an inhibitory B cell co-receptor known to prevent development of lupus, recognizes Sm/RNP at the extracellular C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) and specifically inhibits B cell response to Sm/RNP. Moreover, the CTLD of CD72c, a lupus-susceptible allele, binds to Sm/RNP less strongly than that of lupus-resistant CD72a. Reduced binding of CD72c is supported by x-ray crystallographic analysis that reveals a considerable alteration in charge at the putative ligand-binding site. Thus, CD72 appears to specifically inhibit B cell response to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP through CTLD-mediated recognition of Sm/RNP, thereby preventing production of anti-Sm/RNP antibody crucial for development of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenro Shinagawa
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Ayse Konuskan Ucar
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shirly Phoon
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Xu M, Hou R, Sato-Hayashizaki A, Man R, Zhu C, Wakabayashi C, Hirose S, Adachi T, Tsubata T. Cd72(c) is a modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5436-45. [PMID: 23616572 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although modifier genes are extensively studied in various diseases, little is known about modifier genes that regulate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune disease caused by the Fas(lpr) mutation depends on the genetic background of mouse strains, suggesting a crucial role of modifier genes. MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) and AKR/lpr mice develop severe and mild lupus-like autoimmune disease, respectively, whereas this mutation does not cause disease on C57BL/6 (B6) or C3H background. Both MRL and AKR carry the same haplotype of the Cd72 gene encoding an inhibitory BCR coreceptor (CD72(c)), and CD72(c) contains several amino acid substitutions and a deletion in the extracellular region compared with CD72(a) and CD72(b). To address the role of Cd72(c) locus in the regulation of Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease, we generated B6.CD72(c)/lpr and MRL.CD72(b)/lpr congenic mice. Introduction of the chromosomal interval containing Cd72(c) did not cause disease in B6 mice by itself, but caused development of lupus-like disease in the presence of Fas(lpr) on B6 background, clearly demonstrating that this interval contains the modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. Conversely, MRL.CD72(b)/lpr congenic mice showed milder disease compared with MRL/lpr mice. We further demonstrated that Cd72(c) is a hypofunctional allele in BCR signal inhibition and that CD72 deficiency induces severe autoimmune disease in the presence of Fas(lpr). These results strongly suggest that the Cd72(c) is a crucial modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease due to its reduced activity of B cell signal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miduo Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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