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Yu X, Qian J, Ding L, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Galectin-1: A Traditionally Immunosuppressive Protein Displays Context-Dependent Capacities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076501. [PMID: 37047471 PMCID: PMC10095249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside binding site, translates glycoconjugate recognition into function. That galectin-1 is demonstrated to induce T cell apoptosis has led to substantial attention to the immunosuppressive properties of this protein, such as inducing naive immune cells to suppressive phenotypes, promoting recruitment of immunosuppressing cells as well as impairing functions of cytotoxic leukocytes. However, only in recent years have studies shown that galectin-1 appears to perform a pro-inflammatory role in certain diseases. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory function of galectin-1 and its possible mechanisms and summarize the existing therapies and preclinical efficacy relating to these agents. In the meantime, we also discuss the potential causal factors by which galectin-1 promotes the progression of inflammation.
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Maged LA, Saeed S, Abdelfattah W, Gaber W. Clinical significance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-4 in rheumatoid arthritis patients and their potential role as diagnostic markers. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Galectokines: The Promiscuous Relationship between Galectins and Cytokines. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091286. [PMID: 36139125 PMCID: PMC9496209 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, are well-known for their role in shaping the immune microenvironment. They can directly affect the activity and survival of different immune cell subtypes. Recent evidence suggests that galectins also indirectly affect the immune response by binding to members of another immunoregulatory protein family, i.e., cytokines. Such galectin-cytokine heterodimers, here referred to as galectokines, add a new layer of complexity to the regulation of immune homeostasis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge with regard to galectokine formation and function. We describe the known and potential mechanisms by which galectokines can help to shape the immune microenvironment. Finally, the outstanding questions and challenges for future research regarding the role of galectokines in immunomodulation are discussed.
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Martin-Saldaña S, Chevalier MT, Pandit A. Therapeutic potential of targeting galectins – A biomaterials-focused perspective. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Corrêa MP, Correia-Silva RD, Sasso GRS, D'Ávila SCGP, Greco KV, Oliani SM, Gil CD. Expression Pattern and Immunoregulatory Roles of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1133-1145. [PMID: 35031944 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (Ps) overlaps, particularly the activation of the immune response and tissue damage. Here, we evaluated galectin (Gal)-1 and Gal-3 levels, which are beta-galactoside-binding proteins with immunomodulatory functions and examined their effects on human keratinocytes stimulated with either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-17A. Skin biopsies from AD, Ps, and control patients were evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Six studies containing publicly available transcriptome data were individually analyzed using the GEO2R tool to detect Gal-1 and Gal-3 mRNA levels. In vitro, IL-4- or IL-17A-stimulated keratinocytes were treated with or without Gal-1 or Gal-3 to evaluate cytokine release and migration. Our findings showed different patterns of expression for Gal-1 and Gal-3 in AD and Ps skins. Densitometric analysis in skin samples showed a marked increase in the protein Gal-1 levels in Ps epidermis and in both AD and Ps dermis compared to controls. Protein and mRNA Gal-3 levels were downregulated in AD and Ps lesional skin compared with the control samples. In vitro, both galectins addition abrogated the release of IL-8 and RANTES in IL-17-stimulated keratinocytes after 24 h, whereas IL-6 release was downregulated by Gal-3 and Gal-1 in IL-4- and IL-17-stimulated cells, respectively. Administration of both galectins also increased the rate of keratinocyte migration under IL-4 or IL-17 stimulation conditions compared with untreated cells. Altogether, the immunoregulatory and migration effects of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on keratinocytes under inflammatory microenvironment make them interesting targets for future therapies in cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mab P Corrêa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca D Correia-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres - 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Gisela R Silva Sasso
- Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres - 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Solange C G P D'Ávila
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Forense, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin V Greco
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Griffin Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane D Gil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres - 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil.
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6
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He YS, Hu YQ, Xiang K, Chen Y, Feng YT, Yin KJ, Huang JX, Wang J, Wu ZD, Wang GH, Pan HF. Therapeutic potential of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in autoimmune diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:36-45. [PMID: 34579628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210927164935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a highly conserved protein family that binds to β-galactosides. Different members of this family play a variety of biological functions in physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activity, and cell adhesion. Galectins are widely distributed and play a vital role both inside and outside cells. It can regulate homeostasis and immune function in vivo through mechanisms such as apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that galectins exhibit pleiotropic roles in inflammation. Furthermore, emerging studies have found that galectins are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by regulating cell adhesion, apoptosis, and other mechanisms. This review will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of the two most widely expressed and extensively explored members of the galectin family, galectin-1 and galectin-3, as well as their pathogenetic and therapeutic roles in autoimmune diseases. These information may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kang-Jia Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ji-Xiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Gui-Hong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
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7
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Fernandez-Perez R, Lopez-Santalla M, Sánchez-Domínguez R, Alberquilla O, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Juarranz Y, Bueren JA, Garin MI. Enhanced Susceptibility of Galectin-1 Deficient Mice to Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687443. [PMID: 34262567 PMCID: PMC8273429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin, ubiquitously expressed in stromal, epithelial, and different subsets of immune cells. Galectin-1 is the prototype member of the galectin family which shares specificity with β-galactoside containing proteins and lipids. Immunomodulatory functions have been ascribed to endogenous galectin-1 due to its induction of T cell apoptosis, inhibitory effects of neutrophils and T cell trafficking. Several studies have demonstrated that administration of recombinant galectin-1 suppressed experimental colitis by modulating adaptive immune responses altering the fate and phenotype of T cells. However, the role of endogenous galectin-1 in intestinal inflammation is poorly defined. In the present study, the well-characterized acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model of ulcerative colitis was used to study the function of endogenous galectin-1 during the development of intestinal inflammation. We found that galectin-1 deficient mice (Lgals1-/- mice) displayed a more severe intestinal inflammation, characterized by significantly elevated clinical scores, than their wild type counterparts. The mechanisms underlying the enhanced inflammatory response in colitic Lgals1-/- mice involved an altered Th17/Th1 profile of effector CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, increased frequencies of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells in colon lamina propria in Lgals1-/- mice were found. Strikingly, the exacerbated intestinal inflammatory response observed in Lgals1-/- mice was alleviated by adoptive transfer of wild type Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells at induction of colitis. Altogether, these data highlight the importance of endogenous galectin-1 as a novel determinant in regulating T cell reactivity during the development of intestinal inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Dextran Sulfate
- Disease Models, Animal
- Galectin 1/deficiency
- Galectin 1/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandez-Perez
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Lopez-Santalla
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sánchez-Domínguez
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Omaira Alberquilla
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Bueren
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina I. Garin
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Huang AF. Emerging role of galectin family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102847. [PMID: 33971347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectin family is a group of glycan-binding proteins. Members in this family are expressed in different tissues, immune or non-immune cells. These molecules are important regulators in innate and adaptive immune response, performing significantly in a broad range of cellular and pathophysiological functions, such as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Findings have shown that expression of galectins is abnormal in many inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis. Galectins also function as intracellular and extracellular disease regulators mainly through the binding of their carbohydrate recognition domain to glycoconjugates. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the role that different galectin family members play in immune cells, contributing to the complex inflammatory diseases. Hopefully collection of the information will provide a preliminary theoretical basis for the exploration of new targets for treatment of the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Cutine AM, Bach CA, Veigas F, Merlo JP, Laporte L, Manselle Cocco MN, Massaro M, Sarbia N, Perrotta RM, Mahmoud YD, Rabinovich GA. Tissue-specific control of galectin-1-driven circuits during inflammatory responses. Glycobiology 2021; 31:891-907. [PMID: 33498084 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of glycan-binding protein in immune tolerance and inflammation has been well established, mainly by studies of C-type lectins, siglecs and galectins both in experimental models and patient samples. Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved lectins, are characterized by sequence homology in the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), atypical secretion via an ER-Golgi-independent pathway and the ability to recognize β-galactoside-containing saccharides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family displays mainly anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, although, similar to many cytokines and growth factors, it may also trigger paradoxical pro-inflammatory effects under certain circumstances. These dual effects could be associated to tissue-, time- or context-dependent regulation of galectin expression and function, including particular pathophysiologic settings and/or environmental conditions influencing the structure of this lectin, as well as the availability of glycosylated ligands in immune cells during the course of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss the tissue-specific role of Gal-1 as a master regulator of inflammatory responses across different pathophysiologic settings, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target. Further studies designed at analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that control Gal-1 expression and function in different tissue microenvironments may contribute to design tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at positively or negatively modulate this glycan-binding protein in pathologic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela M Cutine
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila A Bach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Veigas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín P Merlo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Laporte
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Sarbia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro M Perrotta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamil D Mahmoud
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Laboratorios de Inmunopatología, Glicómica Funcional e Inmuno-Oncología Translacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Characterisation of endogenous Galectin-1 and -9 expression in monocyte and macrophage subsets under resting and inflammatory conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Suppression of age-related salivary gland autoimmunity by glycosylation-dependent galectin-1-driven immune inhibitory circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6630-6639. [PMID: 32161138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922778117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging elicits quantitative and qualitative changes in different immune components, leading to disruption of tolerogenic circuits and development of autoimmune disorders. Galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, has emerged as a regulator of immune cell homeostasis by shaping the fate of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Here, we demonstrate that aged Gal1-null mutant (Lgals1 -/- ) mice develop a spontaneous inflammatory process in salivary glands that resembles Sjögren's syndrome. This spontaneous autoimmune phenotype was recapitulated in mice lacking β1,6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5), an enzyme responsible for generating β1,6-branched complex N-glycans, which serve as a major ligand for this lectin. Lack of Gal1 resulted in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) with higher immunogenic potential, lower frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and increased number of CD8+ T cells with greater effector capacity. Supporting its tolerogenic activity, Gal1 expression decreased with age in autoimmunity-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Treatment with recombinant Gal1 restored tolerogenic mechanisms and reduced salivary gland inflammation. Accordingly, labial biopsies from primary Sjögren's syndrome patients showed reduced Gal1 expression concomitant with higher number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Thus, endogenous Gal1 serves as a homeostatic rheostat that safeguards immune tolerance and prevents age-dependent development of spontaneous autoimmunity.
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12
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Ye Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Peng Y, Liu Y, Yu S, Chen Q, Geng L, Zhou L, Xie H, Lai M, Yu J, Zheng S. Galectin-1 attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105997. [PMID: 31761683 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a primary cause of organ dysfunction occurring during liver resection surgery and transplantation. Galectin-1, an endogenous lectin expressed on lymphoid organs, plays an important role in governing innate and adaptive immunity. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic role of galectin-1 and underlying mechanism in hepatic IRI. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion with or without treatment with recombinant galectin-1 (rGal-1) or neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody. Mice were sacrificed at 6 and 24 h following reperfusion. Liver damage related enzymes were determined and cytokines/chemokines were measured by qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS Administration of rGal-1 significantly attenuated hepatic IRI, including a remarkable reduction in serum ALT/AST levels and an improved liver histology score compared to controls. rGal-1 treatment reduced TUNEL positive apoptotic hepatocytes, attenuated proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-17) and chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-10) levels, but upregulated IL-10 expression, compared with controls. In addition, rGal-1 increased the production of IL-10 in hepatic macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Blockade of IL-10 using neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody reversed the protection of galectin-1 in hepatic IRI in mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that galectin-1 may attenuate hepatic IRI via an IL-10-dependent mechanism, which is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Ningbo First Hospital (Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University), Ningbo, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingchun Lai
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Mendez-Huergo SP, Hockl PF, Stupirski JC, Maller SM, Morosi LG, Pinto NA, Berón AM, Musuruana JL, Nasswetter GG, Cavallasca JA, Rabinovich GA. Clinical Relevance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Differential Regulation and Correlation With Disease Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3057. [PMID: 30687310 PMCID: PMC6333668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of animal lectins, play central roles in immune system regulation, shaping both innate and adaptive responses in physiological and pathological processes. These include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory responses that affects both articular and extra-articular tissues. Galectins have been reported to play central roles in RA and its experimental animal models. In this perspective article we present new data highlighting the regulated expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in sera from RA patients under disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and/or corticoid treatment in the context of a more comprehensive discussion that summarizes the roles of galectins in joint inflammation. We found that Gal-1 levels markedly increase in sera from RA patients and positively correlate with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) and disease activity score 28 (DAS-28) parameters. On the other hand, Gal-3 is downregulated in RA patients, but positively correlates with health assessment questionnaire parameter (HAQ). Finally, by generating receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves, we found that Gal-1 and Gal-3 serum levels constitute good parameters to discriminate patients with RA from healthy individuals. Our findings uncover a differential regulation of Gal-1 and Gal-3 which might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects elicited by DMARDs and corticoid treatment in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago P Mendez-Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo F Hockl
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C Stupirski
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A Pinto
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Berón
- División Reumatología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Musuruana
- Sección de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital "José Bernardo Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Nasswetter
- División Reumatología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier A Cavallasca
- Sección de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital "José Bernardo Iturraspe", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Reesink HL, Nixon AJ, Su J, Liu S, Sutton RM, Mann S, Watts AE, Peterson RP. Galectins-1 and-3 Increase in Equine Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:288. [PMID: 30525048 PMCID: PMC6256174 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are potent regulators of cell adhesion, growth and apoptosis in diverse cell types, including chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Elevations in synovial fluid galectin-3 have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and experimental inflammatory arthritis in animal models, whereas galectin-1 is thought to be protective. Less is known about galectins-1 and-3 in osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was: (1) to determine whether galectin-1 and-3 synovial fluid concentrations and synovial membrane and cartilage histochemical staining were altered following osteochondral injury in an experimental equine osteoarthritis (OA) model and (2) to measure galectin-1 and-3 mRNA expression and synovial fluid concentrations in naturally occurring equine carpal OA. Synovial fluid galectin-1 and-3 concentrations were quantified using custom ELISAs in two research horse cohorts undergoing experimental OA induction (n = 5 and 4) and in a cohort of horses with naturally occurring carpal OA (n = 57). Galectin mRNA expression in synovial membrane and cartilage tissue obtained from carpal joints of horses with naturally occurring OA was measured using RT-qPCR, and galectin immunostaining was assessed in synovial membrane and osteochondral tissues in the experimental model (n = 5). Synovial fluid galectin-1 and-3 concentrations increased following experimental carpal osteochondral fragmentation. Cartilage galectin-1 mRNA expression increased with OA severity in naturally occurring disease. The superficial zone of healthy articular cartilage stained intensely for galectin-3 in sham-operated joints, whereas galectin-1 staining was nearly absent. Chondrocyte galectin-1 and-3 immunoreactivity increased following cartilage injury, particularly in galectin-1 positive chondrones. Galectins-1 and-3 are present in healthy equine synovial fluid and increase following post-traumatic OA. Healthy superficial zone chondrocytes express galectin-3, whereas galectin-1 chondrocyte staining is limited predominantly to chondrones and injured cartilage. Further work is needed to clarify the functions of galectins-1 and-3 in healthy and OA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alan J. Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sherry Liu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ryan M. Sutton
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ashlee E. Watts
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ryan P. Peterson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Corapi E, Carrizo G, Compagno D, Laderach D. Endogenous Galectin-1 in T Lymphocytes Regulates Anti-prostate Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2190. [PMID: 30319642 PMCID: PMC6169479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of effective new therapies for prostate cancer (PCa) requires a better understanding of the multiple molecular interactions between tumor cells and their associated microenvironment. In this context, galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a key molecule in the determination of the prostatic carcinoma microenviroment; therefore, it is essential to understand all the molecular processes in which this protein is involved. Most of the previous studies found in the literature have focused on the microenvironment remodeling properties of tumor-secreted Gal-1, through its interactions with the glyco-receptors at the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix. This report shows original aspects of the lectin by focusing on the role of lymphocyte endogenous Gal-1 in controlling anti-prostate tumor immunity. Using a murine preclinical model of prostate cancer, our results demonstrate that endogenous Gal-1 in lymphocytes modulates their proliferative rate and cytotoxic function in conditions of high extracellular Gal-1 concentration, mainly derived from tumor cells. In such conditions, the absence of Gal-1 in T lymphocytes potentiates anti-tumor immune responses. Further studies demonstrated that endogenous Gal-1 in CD4+, but mainly in CD8+T cells, acts as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity. In conclusion, prostate tumors require Gal-1 in lymphocytes to evade immune responses. This report lays the foundation for an original immunotherapy strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Corapi
- Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Carrizo
- Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Laderach
- Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Frizziero A, Fini M. Role and translational implication of galectins in arthritis pathophysiology and treatment: A systematic literature review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1588-1605. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy
| | - Antonio Frizziero
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy
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Toscano MA, Martínez Allo VC, Cutine AM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Untangling Galectin-Driven Regulatory Circuits in Autoimmune Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:348-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Sundblad V, Morosi LG, Geffner JR, Rabinovich GA. Galectin-1: A Jack-of-All-Trades in the Resolution of Acute and Chronic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3721-3730. [PMID: 29158348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory signals provide negative input to immunological networks promoting resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, displays broad anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities by targeting multiple immune cell types. Within the innate immune compartment, Gal-1 acts as a resolution-associated molecular pattern by counteracting the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting neutrophil trafficking, targeting eosinophil migration and survival, and suppressing mast cell degranulation. Likewise, this lectin controls T cell and B cell compartments by modulating receptor clustering and signaling, thus serving as a negative-regulatory checkpoint that reprograms cellular activation, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we discuss the central role of Gal-1 in regulatory programs operating during acute inflammation, autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation, pregnancy, cancer, and infection. Therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting Gal-1-glycan interactions will contribute to overcome cancer immunosuppression and reinforce antimicrobial immunity, whereas stimulation of Gal-1-driven immunoregulatory circuits will help to mitigate exuberant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R Geffner
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina; and.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Regan-Komito D, Valaris S, Kapellos TS, Recio C, Taylor L, Greaves DR, Iqbal AJ. Absence of the Non-Signalling Chemerin Receptor CCRL2 Exacerbates Acute Inflammatory Responses In Vivo. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1621. [PMID: 29209334 PMCID: PMC5702352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a chemotactic protein that induces migration of several immune cells including macrophages, immature dendritic cells, and NK cells. Chemerin binds to three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including CCRL2. The exact function of CCRL2 remains unclear. CCRL2 expression is rapidly upregulated during inflammation, but it lacks the intracellular DRYLAIV motif required for classical GPCR downstream signalling pathways, and it has not been reported to internalise chemerin upon binding. The aim of this study was to investigate what role if any CCRL2 plays during acute inflammation. Using the zymosan- and thioglycollate-induced murine models of acute inflammation, we report that mice deficient in the Ccrl2 gene display exaggerated local and systemic inflammatory responses, characterised by increased myeloid cell recruitment. This amplified myeloid cell recruitment was associated with increased chemerin and CXCL1 levels. Furthermore, we report that the inflammatory phenotype observed in these mice is dependent upon elevated levels of endogenous chemerin. Antibody neutralisation of chemerin activity in Ccrl2-/- mice abrogated the amplified inflammatory responses. Importantly, chemerin did not directly recruit myeloid cells but rather increased the production of other chemotactic proteins such as CXCL1. Administration of recombinant chemerin to wild-type mice before inflammatory challenge recapitulated the increased myeloid cell recruitment and inflammatory mediator production observed in Ccrl2-/- mice. We have demonstrated that the absence of CCRL2 results in increased levels of local and systemic chemerin levels and exacerbated inflammatory responses during acute inflammatory challenge. These results further highlight the importance of chemerin as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan-Komito
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Valaris
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore S. Kapellos
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carlota Recio
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Taylor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J. Iqbal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Reesink HL, Sutton RM, Shurer CR, Peterson RP, Tan JS, Su J, Paszek MJ, Nixon AJ. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the effect of inflammation on MSC motility. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 29096716 PMCID: PMC5667510 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used intra-articularly to quell inflammation and promote cartilage healing; however, mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate joint disease remain poorly understood. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, regulate inflammation, adhesion and cell migration in diverse cell types. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are proposed to be important intra-articular modulators of inflammation in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we asked whether equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) express higher levels of galectin-1 and -3 relative to synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes and if an inflammatory environment affects BMSC galectin expression and motility. Methods Equine galectin-1 and -3 gene expression was quantified using qRT-PCR in cultured BMSCs, synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes, in addition to synovial membrane and articular cartilage tissues. Galectin gene expression, protein expression, and protein secretion were measured in equine BMSCs following exposure to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β 5 and 10 ng/mL, TNF-α 25 and 50 ng/mL, or LPS 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 μg/mL). BMSC focal adhesion formation was assessed using confocal microscopy, and BMSC motility was quantified in the presence of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β or TNF-α) and the pan-galectin inhibitor β-lactose (100 and 200 mM). Results Equine BMSCs expressed 3-fold higher galectin-1 mRNA levels as compared to cultured synovial fibroblasts (p = 0.0005) and 30-fold higher galectin-1 (p < 0.0001) relative to cultured chondrocytes. BMSC galectin-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased as compared to carpal synovial membrane and articular cartilage tissues (p < 0.0001). IL-1β and TNF-α treatments decreased BMSC galectin gene expression and impaired BMSC motility in dose-dependent fashion but did not alter galectin protein expression. β-lactose abrogated BMSC focal adhesion formation and inhibited BMSC motility. Conclusions Equine BMSCs constitutively express high levels of galectin-1 mRNA relative to other articular cell types, suggesting a possible mechanism for their intra-articular immunomodulatory properties. BMSC galectin expression and motility are impaired in an inflammatory environment, which may limit tissue repair properties following intra-articular administration. β-lactose-mediated galectin inhibition also impaired BMSC adhesion and motility. Further investigation into the effects of joint inflammation on BMSC function and the potential therapeutic effects of BMSC galectin expression in OA is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0691-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan M Sutton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ryan P Peterson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julie S Tan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alan J Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Anti-inflammatory effect of galectin-1 in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1005-1015. [PMID: 28664215 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is caused by both dysregulated immune responses and an impaired skin barrier. Although beta-galactoside-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal-1) has immunomodulatory effects in several inflammatory disorders, therapeutic strategies based on its anti-inflammatory properties have not been explored in AD. Thus, we evaluate pharmacological treatment with Gal-1 in the progression of an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AD-like skin lesions. The skin of OVA-immunized male BALB/c mice was challenged with drops containing OVA on days 11, 14-18 and 21-24. Additionally, in the last week, a subset of animals was treated intraperitoneally with recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) or dexamethasone (Dex). Treatment with rGal-1 decreased the clinical signs of dermatitis in BALB/c mice and diminished local eotaxin and IFN-γ levels. The treatment also suppressed the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells, which was verified by reduced expression of mouse mast cell protease 6 (mMCP6) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX). These localized effects are associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and downregulation of endogenous Gal-1. The inhibition of disease progression induced by rGal-1 was also correlated with reduced plasma IL-17 levels. Our results demonstrate that rGal-1 is an effective treatment for allergic skin inflammation in AD and may impact the development of novel strategies for skin inflammatory diseases. KEY MESSAGES Pharmacological treatment with rGal-1 reduces clinical signs of atopic dermatitis. Systemic treatment with rGal-1 inhibits eosinophil and mast cell influx in the skin of AD animals. rGal-1 reduced local eotaxin levels and systemic IL-17 levels. The inhibition of disease progression induced by rGal-1 was correlated with upregulation of phosphorylated ERK.
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit the Function of Dendritic Cells by Secreting Galectin-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3248605. [PMID: 28713822 PMCID: PMC5497648 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3248605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can inhibit function of dendritic cells (DCs) by secreting Galectin-1 (Gal-1). BM-MSCs have been shown to inhibit the maturation and function of DCs, further inhibiting the activation and proliferation of T cells. However, the detailed mechanism remains unknown. In this current study, MSCs and DCs derived from mouse bone marrow were cocultured using Transwell culture plates under different in vitro conditions. The results showed that as the ratio of MSC to DC of the coculture system increased and the coculture time of the two cells prolonged, the concentrations of Gal-1, interleukin- (IL-) 10, and IL-12 in the supernatants were increased and the protein expression of Gal-1 on and within DCs was also enhanced. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in DCs was boosted, whereas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylation was weakened. Meanwhile, the expression of costimulatory molecules on the surface of DCs was decreased, and the proliferative effect of DCs on allogeneic T cells was also decreased. Therefore, this present study indicated that Gal-1 secreted from MSCs upregulated expression of Gal-1 and stimulated formation of tolerance immunophenotype on DCs, where the underlying mechanism was the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in DCs, thereby inhibiting the function of DCs.
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Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed major advancements in the clinical management of inflammatory arthritis, with new treatment strategies in some cases providing a marked improvement in patient outcomes. However, it is widely accepted that current strategies do not provide the 'total therapeutic solution', in view of the proportion of patients who do not respond to therapy, the important incidence of adverse effects and the development of an immune response against antibodies or fusion proteins used therapeutically. Moreover, although some therapeutic approaches can effectively bring about an end to inflammation, mechanisms to promote the recovery and/or repair of damage are required. Harnessing the concepts and mechanisms of the resolution of inflammation is a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory pathologies; this approach could help address the unmet need for new therapeutic approaches that not only control but also revert the course of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Galectin-3 Induces a Pro-degradative/inflammatory Gene Signature in Human Chondrocytes, Teaming Up with Galectin-1 in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39112. [PMID: 27982117 PMCID: PMC5159921 DOI: 10.1038/srep39112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory chemo- and cytokines and matrix-degrading proteases underlie the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Aiming to define upstream regulators for these disease markers, we pursued initial evidence for an upregulation of members of the adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin family. Immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in sections of human cartilage with increasing levels of degeneration revealed a linear correlation reaching a chondrocyte positivity of 60%. Presence in situ was cytoplasmic, the lectin was secreted from OA chondrocytes in culture and binding of Gal-3 yielded lactose-inhibitable surface staining. Exposure of cells to the lectin led to enhanced gene expression and secretion of functional disease markers. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis broadened this result to reveal a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature under the control of NF-κB. Fittingly, targeting this route of activation by inhibitors impaired the unfavourable response to Gal-3 binding, as also seen by shortening the lectin’s collagen-like repeat region. Gal-3’s activation profile overlaps with that of homodimeric galectin-1 (Gal-1) and also has distinctive (supplementing) features. Tested at subsaturating concentrations in a mixture, we found cooperation between the two galectins, apparently able to team up to promote OA pathogenesis. In summary, our results suggest that a network of endogenous lectins is relevant for initiating this process cascade.
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Toegel S, Weinmann D, André S, Walzer SM, Bilban M, Schmidt S, Chiari C, Windhager R, Krall C, Bennani-Baiti IM, Gabius HJ. Galectin-1 Couples Glycobiology to Inflammation in Osteoarthritis through the Activation of an NF-κB-Regulated Gene Network. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1910-21. [PMID: 26792806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that ranks among the leading causes of adult disability. Mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis pathogenesis are not yet fully elucidated, putting limits to current disease management and treatment. Based on the phenomenological evidence for dysregulation within the glycome of chondrocytes and the network of a family of adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins, that is, galectins, we tested the hypothesis that Galectin-1 is relevant for causing degeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis substantiated that Galectin-1 upregulation is associated with osteoarthritic cartilage and subchondral bone histopathology and severity of degeneration (p < 0.0001, n = 29 patients). In vitro, the lectin was secreted and it bound to osteoarthritic chondrocytes inhibitable by cognate sugar. Glycan-dependent Galectin-1 binding induced a set of disease markers, including matrix metalloproteinases and activated NF-κB, hereby switching on an inflammatory gene signature (p < 10(-16)). Inhibition of distinct components of the NF-κB pathway using dedicated inhibitors led to dose-dependent impairment of Galectin-1-mediated transcriptional activation. Enhanced secretion of effectors of degeneration such as three matrix metalloproteinases underscores the data's pathophysiological relevance. This study thus identifies Galectin-1 as a master regulator of clinically relevant inflammatory-response genes, working via NF-κB. Because inflammation is critical to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, this report reveals an intimate relation of glycobiology to osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Core Facility Genomics, Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Chiari
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Krall
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Pérez CV, Gómez LG, Gualdoni GS, Lustig L, Rabinovich GA, Guazzone VA. Dual roles of endogenous and exogenous galectin-1 in the control of testicular immunopathology. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26223819 PMCID: PMC4519738 DOI: 10.1038/srep12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of galectin family, is highly expressed in immune privileged sites, including the testis. However, in spite of considerable progress the relevance of endogenous and exogenous Gal-1 in testis pathophysiology have not yet been explored. Here we evaluated the in vivo roles of Gal-1 in experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), a well-established model of autoimmune testicular inflammation associated with subfertility and infertility. A significant reduction in the incidence and severity of EAO was observed in mice genetically deficient in Gal-1 (Lgals1−/−) versus wild-type (WT) mice. Testicular histopathology revealed the presence of multifocal testicular damage in WT mice characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and different degrees of germ cell sloughing of seminiferous tubules. TUNEL assay and assessment of active caspase-3 expression, revealed the prevalence of apoptotic spermatocytes mainly localized in the adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules in EAO mice. A significant increased number of TUNEL-positive germ cells was detected in EAO testis from WT compared with Lgals1−/− mice. In contrast, exogenous administration of recombinant Gal-1 to WT mice undergoing EAO attenuated the severity of the disease. Our results unveil a dual role of endogenous versus exogenous Gal-1 in the control of autoimmune testis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia G Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela S Gualdoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- 1] Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina [2] Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa A Guazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Thiemann S, Man JH, Chang MH, Lee B, Baum LG. Galectin-1 regulates tissue exit of specific dendritic cell populations. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26216879 PMCID: PMC4566239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, dendritic cells emigrate from inflamed tissue across the lymphatic endothelium into the lymphatic vasculature and travel to regional lymph nodes to initiate immune responses. However, the processes that regulate dendritic cell tissue egress and migration across the lymphatic endothelium are not well defined. The mammalian lectin galectin-1 is highly expressed by vascular endothelial cells in inflamed tissue and has been shown to regulate immune cell tissue entry into inflamed tissue. Here, we show that galectin-1 is also highly expressed by human lymphatic endothelial cells, and deposition of galectin-1 in extracellular matrix selectively regulates migration of specific human dendritic cell subsets. The presence of galectin-1 inhibits migration of immunogenic dendritic cells through the extracellular matrix and across lymphatic endothelial cells, but it has no effect on migration of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The major galectin-1 counter-receptor on both dendritic cell populations is the cell surface mucin CD43; differential core 2 O-glycosylation of CD43 between immunogenic dendritic cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells appears to contribute to the differential effect of galectin-1 on migration. Binding of galectin-1 to immunogenic dendritic cells reduces phosphorylation and activity of the protein-tyrosine kinase Pyk2, an effect that may also contribute to reduced migration of this subset. In a murine lymphedema model, galectin-1(-/-) animals had increased numbers of migratory dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, specifically dendritic cells with an immunogenic phenotype. These findings define a novel role for galectin-1 in inhibiting tissue emigration of immunogenic, but not tolerogenic, dendritic cells, providing an additional mechanism by which galectin-1 can dampen immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Jeanette H Man
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Margaret H Chang
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | - Benhur Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and the Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Linda G Baum
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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Deák M, Hornung Á, Novák J, Demydenko D, Szabó E, Czibula Á, Fajka-Boja R, Kriston-Pál É, Monostori É, Kovács L. Novel role for galectin-1 in T-cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Immunobiology 2015; 220:483-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zouali M. Transcriptional and metabolic pre-B cell receptor-mediated checkpoints: implications for autoimmune diseases. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:315-20. [PMID: 24602812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
At the pre-B cell stage of lymphocyte development, immunoglobulin light-chains are not yet produced, and heavy-chains are covalently linked to surrogate light-chains composed of VpreB and λ5 to form the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) in a non-covalent association with signal-transducing modules. Even tough the pre-BCR does not have the potential to bind conventional antigens, accumulating evidence indicates that pre-BCR-mediated checkpoints are important both for negative and positive selection of self-reactivity, and that defects in these regulatory nodes may be associated with autoimmune disease. Thus, the transcription factor BACH2, which represents a susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis, has recently emerged as a crucial mediator of negative selection at a pre-BCR checkpoint. The lysosome-associated protein LAPTM5, which is highly expressed in an animal model of Sjögren's syndrome, plays a role in down-modulation of the pre-BCR. Studies of copy number variation in rheumatoid arthritis suggest that a reduced dosage of the VPREB1 gene is involved in disease pathogenesis. Notably, animal models of autoimmune disease exhibit defects in pre-B to naïve B cell checkpoints. Administration of a pre-BCR ligand, which also plays a role in anergy both in human and murine B lymphocytes, ameliorates disease in experimental models of autoimmunity. Further investigation is required to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms of pre-BCR-mediated checkpoints and to determine their relevance to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Zouali
- Inserm, UMR 1132, F-75475 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbone Paris Cité, F-75475 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex and common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia. Multiple proteins, cells, and pathways have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. Galectins are a group of lectins that bind to β-galactoside carbohydrates on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. They are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and organs with the highest expression in the immune system. Galectins are potent immune regulators and modulate a range of pathological processes, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that several family members of galectins play positive or negative roles in the disease development of RA, through their effects on T and B lymphocytes, myeloid lineage cells, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In this review, we will summarize the function of different galectins in immune modulation and their distinct roles in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christopher D Koehn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA ; The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA ; The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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