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Barron MR, Cieza RJ, Hill DR, Huang S, Yadagiri VK, Spence JR, Young VB. The Lumen of Human Intestinal Organoids Poses Greater Stress to Bacteria Compared to the Germ-Free Mouse Intestine: Escherichia coli Deficient in RpoS as a Colonization Probe. mSphere 2020; 5:e00777-20. [PMID: 33177212 PMCID: PMC7657587 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00777-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem-cell-derived human intestinal organoids (HIOs) are three-dimensional, multicellular structures that model a naive intestinal epithelium in an in vitro system. Several published reports have investigated the use of HIOs to study host-microbe interactions. We recently demonstrated that microinjection of the nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain ECOR2 into HIOs induced morphological and functional maturation of the HIO epithelium, including increased secretion of mucins and cationic antimicrobial peptides. In the current work, we use ECOR2 as a biological probe to further characterize the environment present in the HIO lumen. We generated an isogenic mutant in the general stress response sigma factor RpoS and employed this mutant to compare challenges faced by a bacterium during colonization of the HIO lumen relative to the germ-free mouse intestine. We demonstrate that the loss of RpoS significantly decreases the ability of ECOR2 to colonize HIOs, although it does not prevent colonization of germ-free mice. These results indicate that the HIO lumen is a more restrictive environment to E. coli than the germ-free mouse intestine, thus increasing our understanding of the HIO model system as it pertains to studying the establishment of intestinal host-microbe symbioses.IMPORTANCE Technological advancements have driven and will continue to drive the adoption of organotypic systems for investigating host-microbe interactions within the human intestinal ecosystem. Using E. coli deficient in the RpoS-mediated general stress response, we demonstrate that the type or severity of microbial stressors within the HIO lumen is more restrictive than those of the in vivo environment of the germ-free mouse gut. This study provides important insight into the nature of the HIO microenvironment from a microbiological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Barron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto J Cieza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Veda K Yadagiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Moshkovskaya M, Vakhrusheva T, Rakitina D, Baykova J, Panasenko O, Basyreva L, Gusev S, Gusev A, Mikhalchik E, Smolina N, Dobretsov G, Scherbakov P, Parfenov A, Fadeeva N, Pobeguts O, Govorun V. Neutrophil activation by Escherichia coli isolates from human intestine: effects of bacterial hydroperoxidase activity and surface hydrophobicity. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:414-426. [PMID: 31961067 PMCID: PMC7050253 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful colonization of the intestine requires that bacteria interact with the innate immune system and, in particular, neutrophils. Progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is associated with alterations in gut microbiota, and dysbiosis in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients is often associated with an expansion of Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated the ability of such E. coli isolates to avoid neutrophil activation and to utilize reactive oxygen species. Neutrophil activation was detected in vitro in normal human blood via luminol chemiluminescence (CL) induced by reactive oxygen and halogen species generated by neutrophils. No significant difference in neutrophil activation in vitro was detected between isolates from inflamed (23 isolates) vs healthy intestines (5 isolates), with 10‐fold variation within both groups (2.9–61.2 mV). CL activity of isolates from the same patient differed by 1.5–5 times. Twenty‐four isolates from ileal aspirate, biopsy, and feces of seven patients with CD and one patient with no intestine inflammation were tested for extracellular peroxidase and catalase activity and cell surface hydrophobicity. Average values between patients varied from 26 ± 3 to 73 ± 18 µmol·g−1 of air dry weight for peroxidase activity, from 15 ± 2 to 189 ± 56 mmol·g−1 of air dry weight for catalase activity, and from 5 ± 3 to 105 ± 9 a.u. for the hydrophobic probe fluorescence. Extracellular peroxidase activity and hydrophobicity of bacterial cell surface correlated negatively with stimulated neutrophil CL. The ability of some isolates to avoid neutrophil activation and to utilize reactive oxygen species may provide a strategy to survive assault by the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Moshkovskaya
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vakhrusheva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Rakitina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Baykova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Basyreva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Gusev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Mikhalchik
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Smolina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennadiy Dobretsov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Scherbakov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Central Scientific Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asfold Parfenov
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Central Scientific Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Fadeeva
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Central Scientific Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Pobeguts
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
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Shiratsuchi A, Nitta M, Kuroda A, Komiyama C, Gawasawa M, Shimamoto N, Tuan TQ, Morita T, Aiba H, Nakanishi Y. Inhibition of Phagocytic Killing of Escherichia coli in Drosophila Hemocytes by RNA Chaperone Hfq. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1298-307. [PMID: 27357148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An RNA chaperone of Escherichia coli, called host factor required for phage Qβ RNA replication (Hfq), forms a complex with small noncoding RNAs to facilitate their binding to target mRNA for the alteration of translation efficiency and stability. Although the role of Hfq in the virulence and drug resistance of bacteria has been suggested, how this RNA chaperone controls the infectious state remains unknown. In the present study, we addressed this issue using Drosophila melanogaster as a host for bacterial infection. In an assay for abdominal infection using adult flies, an E. coli strain with mutation in hfq was eliminated earlier, whereas flies survived longer compared with infection with a parental strain. The same was true with flies deficient in humoral responses, but the mutant phenotypes were not observed when a fly line with impaired hemocyte phagocytosis was infected. The results from an assay for phagocytosis in vitro revealed that Hfq inhibits the killing of E. coli by Drosophila phagocytes after engulfment. Furthermore, Hfq seemed to exert this action partly through enhancing the expression of σ(38), a stress-responsive σ factor that was previously shown to be involved in the inhibition of phagocytic killing of E. coli, by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Our study indicates that the RNA chaperone Hfq contributes to the persistent infection of E. coli by maintaining the expression of bacterial genes, including one coding for σ(38), that help bacteria evade host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; and
| | - Mao Nitta
- School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; and
| | - Ayumi Kuroda
- School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; and
| | - Chiharu Komiyama
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Gawasawa
- School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; and
| | - Naoto Shimamoto
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tran Quoc Tuan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Teppei Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Sciences, Suzuka, Mie 513-0816, Japan
| | - Hiroji Aiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Sciences, Suzuka, Mie 513-0816, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; and
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Kong Q, Nakai Y, Kuroda N, Shiratsuchi A, Nagaosa K, Nakanishi Y. Peptidoglycan recognition protein-triggered induction of Escherichia coli gene in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biochem 2015; 157:507-17. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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