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Kida M, Nakamura T, Fujiwara Y, Nakamura M, Murata T. PGD 2 /CRTH2 signaling promotes acquired immunity against bee venom by enhancing IgE production. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21616. [PMID: 33978990 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002748rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
IgE-dependent/independent activation of mast cell (MC) has been assumed to play a host defensive role against venom injection in skin. However, its detailed mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the contribution of MC-derived prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 )-mediated signaling in host defense against bee venom (BV). To achieve this, we utilized gene-deficient mice of a PGD2 receptor, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). We first confirmed that subcutaneous injection of BV produced PGD2 equally in wild-type (WT) and CRTH2-deficient (Crth2-/- ) mice skins. The BV injection dropped body temperature and impaired kidney equally in both lines of mice. In WT mice, pre-injection of BV (3 weeks) significantly inhibited the hypothermia and kidney impairment caused by second BV injection. In contrast, this pre-injection was not effective for the second BV injection in Crth2-/- mice. We also found that BV injections increased serum BV-specific IgE levels in WT mice, and its serum transfused mice improved the BV-induced hypothermia in naïve WT mice. In contrast, serum BV-specific IgE level was significantly lower in Crth2-/- mice. FACS analysis showed the BV injection stimulate migration of dendritic cells (DCs) into regional lymph nodes in WT mice. In Crth2-/- mice, its number was significantly smaller than that of WT mice. In conclusion, PGD2 /CRTH2 signaling plays defensive role against second BV injection. This signaling promotes BV-specific IgE production at least partially by promoting DCs migration into regional lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Kida
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Higher PGD 2 production by synovial mast cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with osteoarthritis patients via miR-199a-3p/prostaglandin synthetase 2 axis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5738. [PMID: 33707464 PMCID: PMC7952410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that synovial mast cells (MCs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) produced TNF-α in response to immune complexes via FcγRI and FcγRIIA. However, the specific functions of synovial MCs in RA remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate those functions. Synovial tissues and fluid were obtained from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Synovium-derived, cultured MCs were generated by culturing dispersed synovial cells with stem cell factor. We performed microarray-based screening of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA), followed by quantitative RT-PCR-based verification. Synovial MCs from RA patients showed significantly higher prostaglandin systhetase (PTGS)1 and PTGS2 expression compared with OA patients' MCs, and they produced significantly more prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) following aggregation of FcγRI. PGD2 induced IL-8 production by human group 2 innate lymphoid cells, suggesting that PGD2-producing MCs induce neutrophil recruitment into the synovium of RA patients. PTGS2 mRNA expression in RA patients' MCs correlated inversely with miRNA-199a-3p expression, which down-regulated PTGS2. RA patients' synovial fluid contained significantly more PGD2 compared with OA patients' fluid. Synovial MCs might regulate inflammation in RA through hyper-production of PGD2 following FcRγ aggregation. Our findings indicate functional heterogeneity of human MCs among diseases.
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3
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Contribution of FP receptors in M1 macrophage polarization via IL-10-regulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Ueda S, Fukunaga K, Takihara T, Shiraishi Y, Oguma T, Shiomi T, Suzuki Y, Ishii M, Sayama K, Kagawa S, Hirai H, Nagata K, Nakamura M, Miyasho T, Betsuyaku T, Asano K. Deficiency of CRTH2, a Prostaglandin D 2 Receptor, Aggravates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:289-298. [PMID: 30326727 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0397oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractant receptor homologous with T-helper cell type 2 cells (CRTH2), a receptor for prostaglandin D2, is preferentially expressed on T-helper cell type 2 lymphocytes, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, and basophils, and elicits the production of type 2 cytokines, including profibrotic IL-13. We hypothesized that lack of CRTH2 might protect against fibrotic lung disease, and we tested this hypothesis using a bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis model in CRTH2-deficient (CRTH2-/-) or wild-type BALB/c mice. Compared with wild-type mice, CRTH2-/- mice treated with bleomycin exhibited significantly higher mortality, enhanced accumulation of inflammatory cells 14-21 days after bleomycin injection, reduced pulmonary compliance, and increased levels of collagen and total protein in the lungs. These phenotypes were associated with decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A in BAL fluid. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from wild-type, but not CRTH2-/-, mice 2 days before injection of bleomycin resolved the sustained inflammation as well as the increased collagen and protein accumulation in the lungs of CRTH2-/- mice. We consider that the disease model is driven by γδT cells that express CRTH2; thus, the adoptive transfer of γδT cells could ameliorate bleomycin-induced alveolar inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ueda
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Takihara
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shiraishi
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Oguma
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiomi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sayama
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- 3 Department of Advanced Medicine and Development, Bio Medical Laboratories, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kinya Nagata
- 3 Department of Advanced Medicine and Development, Bio Medical Laboratories, Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- 4 Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Taku Miyasho
- 5 Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Diwakar BT, Yoast R, Nettleford S, Qian F, Lee TJ, Berry S, Huffnagle I, Rossi RM, Trebak M, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Crth2 receptor signaling down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in murine macrophages via changes in intracellular calcium. FASEB J 2019; 33:12838-12852. [PMID: 31518163 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802608r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 and its cyclopentenone metabolites [cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs)], Δ12prostaglandin J2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, act through 2 GPCRs, d-type prostanoid 1 and the chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on type 2 T-helper cells (Crth2). In addition to its role in allergy and asthma, the role of Crth2 in the resolution of inflammation, to mediate the proresolving functions of endogenous CyPGs, is not well understood. We investigated the regulation of LPS or zymosan-induced inflammatory response by signals from the Crth2 receptor in macrophages that lack Crth2 expression [knockout (KO)]. Increased expression of proinflammatory genes, including Tnf-α, was observed in Crth2 KO cells. Targeting the endogenous biosynthetic pathway of CyPGs with indomethacin or HQL79, which inhibit cyclooxygenases or hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, respectively, or use of Crth2 antagonists recapitulated the proinflammatory phenotype as in Crth2 KO cells. Ligand-dependent activation of Crth2 by 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2 increased Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) accompanied by the up-regulation of stromal interaction molecule 1 and calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 expression, suggesting that the proresolution effects of CyPG-dependent activation of SOCE could be mediated by Crth2 during inflammation. Interestingly, Crth2 signaling down-regulated the Ca2+-regulated heat stable protein 1 that stabilizes Tnf-α mRNA via the increased expression of microRNA 155 to dampen inflammatory responses triggered through the TNF-α-NF-κB axis. In summary, these studies present a novel regulatory role for Crth2 during inflammatory response in macrophages.-Diwakar, B. T., Yoast, R., Nettleford, S., Qian, F., Lee, T.-J., Berry, S., Huffnagle, I., Rossi, R. M., Trebak, M., Paulson, R. F., Prabhu, K. S. Crth2 receptor signaling down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in murine macrophages via changes in intracellular calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastihalli T Diwakar
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaneice Nettleford
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tai-Jung Lee
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svanjita Berry
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Huffnagle
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randall M Rossi
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Tsubosaka Y, Maehara T, Imai D, Nakamura T, Kobayashi K, Nagata N, Fujii W, Murata T. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase–derived prostaglandin D
2
ameliorates adjuvant‐induced joint inflammation in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:6829-6837. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802153r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsubosaka
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Toko Maehara
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Daiki Imai
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Nanae Nagata
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Department of Applied GeneticsGraduate School of Agriculture and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal RadiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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7
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Okamura Y, Mishima S, Kashiwakura JI, Sasaki-Sakamoto T, Toyoshima S, Kuroda K, Saito S, Tokuhashi Y, Okayama Y. The dual regulation of substance P-mediated inflammation via human synovial mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Allergol Int 2017; 66S:S9-S20. [PMID: 28366675 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural pathways are thought to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although synovial mast cells (MCs) are activated by substance P (SP), the role of MCs in neural pathways in RA remains unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate 1) whether tachykinins are produced by synovial MCs and whether production differs in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 2) what is the responsible receptor for SP in synovial MCs. METHODS Synovial tissues were obtained from patients with RA or OA undergoing joint replacement surgery. Cultured synovium-derived MCs were generated by culturing dispersed synovial cells with stem cell factor. SP expression was investigated using immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays. Mas-related gene X2 (MrgX2) expression was reduced in human MCs using a lentiviral shRNA silencing technique. RESULTS SP expression was localized around the cell membrane in 41% (median) of the MCs in synovium from RA but in only 7% of that from OA, suggesting the activation of MCs. Synovial MCs expressed tachykinin (TAC) 1 mRNA, the expression of which was upregulated by the aggregation of FcɛRI or the addition of aggregated IgG. However, the released SP appeared to be rapidly degraded by MC chymase. Synovial MCs were activated with SP through MrgX2 to release histamine without producing proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Activated synovial MCs may rapidly degrade SP, which may downregulate the SP-mediated activation of synoviocytes in RA. On the other hand, SP activates MCs to induce inflammatory mediators, suggesting the dual regulation of SP-mediated inflammation by MCs in RA.
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8
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Jandl K, Heinemann A. The therapeutic potential of CRTH2/DP2 beyond allergy and asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:42-48. [PMID: 28818625 PMCID: PMC7612073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 has been in the focus of research for quite a long time, but its biological effects and its roles in human disease are still not fully characterized. When in 2001 a second major PGD2 receptor termed chemoattractant receptor homologue expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2; alternative name DP2) was discovered, diverse investigations started to shed more light on the complex and often controversial actions of the prostaglandin. With various immunomodulating effects, such as induction of migration, activation, and cytokine release of leukocytes observed both in vivo and in vitro, CRTH2 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of allergic diseases. However, with more and more research being performed on CRTH2, it has also become clear that its biological actions are far more diverse than expected at the beginning. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles that PGD2 - and CRTH2 in particular - might play in diseases of the central nervous system, kidney, intestine, lung, hair and skin, bone and cartilage, and in cancer. Based on current data we propose that blocking CRTH2 might be a potential therapeutic approach to numerous conditions beyond classical allergic diseases and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria.
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9
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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10
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Radnai B, Sturm EM, Stančić A, Jandl K, Labocha S, Ferreirós N, Grill M, Hasenoehrl C, Gorkiewicz G, Marsche G, Heinemann Á, Högenauer C, Schicho R. Eosinophils Contribute to Intestinal Inflammation via Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells, CRTH2, in Experimental Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1087-95. [PMID: 26928963 PMCID: PMC4892354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prostaglandin [PG] D2 activates two receptors, DP and CRTH2. Antagonism of CRTH2 has been shown to promote anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether CRTH2 may play a role in Crohn's disease [CD], focusing on eosinophils which are widely present in the inflamed mucosa of CD patients and express both receptors. METHODS Using the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid [TNBS]-induced colitis model, involvement of CRTH2 in colitis was investigated by pharmacological antagonism, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunoassay, and leukocyte recruitment. Chemotactic assays were performed with isolated human eosinophils. Biopsies and serum samples of CD patients were examined for presence of CRTH2 and ligands, respectively. RESULTS High amounts of CRTH2-positive cells, including eosinophils, are present in the colonic mucosa of mice with TNBS colitis and in human CD. The CRTH2 antagonist OC-459, but not the DP antagonist MK0524, reduced inflammation scores and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as compared with control mice. OC-459 inhibited recruitment of eosinophils into the colon and also inhibited CRTH2-induced chemotaxis of human eosinophils in vitro. Eosinophil-depleted ΔdblGATA knockout mice were less sensitive to TNBS-induced colitis, whereas IL-5 transgenic mice with lifelong eosinophilia were more severely affected than wild types. In addition, we show that serum levels of PGD2 and Δ(12)-PGJ2 were increased in CD patients as compared with control individuals. CONCLUSIONS CRTH2 plays a pro-inflammatory role in TNBS-induced colitis. Eosinophils contribute to the severity of the inflammation, which is improved by a selective CRTH2 antagonist. CRTH2 may, therefore, represent an important target in the pharmacotherapy of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Radnai
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Stančić
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Labocha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Magdalena Grill
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Carina Hasenoehrl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ákos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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