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Delgado M, Martinez C, Pozo D, Calvo JR, Leceta J, Ganea D, Gomariz RP. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activation Polypeptide (PACAP) Protect Mice from Lethal Endotoxemia Through the Inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.2.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) down-regulate cytokine production. Because human septic shock involves excessive cytokine production, the effect of VIP/PACAP was investigated in a high endotoxemia murine model. Both peptides protect against endotoxin-induced lethality and prevent septic shock-associated histopathological alterations. VIP/PACAP reduce serum and peritoneal TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting that the protective effect is exerted by inhibiting the production of endogenous TNF-α/IL-6. Consistent with this mechanism, VIP does not protect against septic shock induced by exogenous TNF-α. The immunomodulatory role of VIP in vivo is supported by the appearance of high levels of VIP in serum and peritoneal fluid following LPS administration. Thus, the neuropeptides VIP/PACAP protect from the lethal effect of high endotoxemia, presumably by down-regulating TNF-α and IL-6 production, and may offer an alternative in the treatment of human septic shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Delgado
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Carmen Martinez
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- †Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Sevilla, Spain; and
| | - Juan R. Calvo
- †Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Sevilla, Spain; and
| | - Javier Leceta
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Doina Ganea
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Rosa P. Gomariz
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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