1
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Zhang Y, Sui P, Zhong C, Liu J. Development and Validation of the novel Cuproptosis- and Immune-related Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:2260-2275. [PMID: 38495502 PMCID: PMC10937287 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma often results in late-stage diagnosis, leading to decreased treatment success. To improve prognosis, this study integrates cuproptosis with immune risk scoring models for HCC patients. Method: We identified differentially expressed genes connected to cuproptosis and immune responses using Pearson correlation. A risk signature was then constructed via LASSO regression, and its robustness was validated in the International Cancer Genome Consortium dataset. Additionally, qPCR confirmed findings in tumor and normal tissues. Results: Eight genes emerged as key prognostic markers from the 110 differentially expressed genes linked to cuproptosis and immunity. A risk-scoring model was developed using gene expression, effectively categorizing patients into low- or high-risk groups. Validated in the ICGC dataset, high-risk patients had significantly reduced survival times. Multivariate Cox regression affirmed the risk signature's independent predictive capability. A clinical nomogram based on the risk signature was generated. Notably, low-risk patients might benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibitors. qPCR and western blotting results substantiated our bioinformatics findings. Conclusions: The genetic risk signature linked to cuproptosis and immunity holds potential as a vital prognostic biomarker for Hepatocellular carcinoma, providing avenues for tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ping Sui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The first clinical medical college of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 515000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jinan University, Jiangmen, 52900, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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2
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Jiang H, Li L, Ma T, Wang R, Chen X, Xu K, Chen C, Liu Z, Wang H, Huang L. Serine/Threonine Kinase (STK) 33 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via inflammation-related pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155154. [PMID: 38286054 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase (STK) 33 plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Abnormal STK33 expression is closely related to malignancy of numerous cancers. This study suggests the important role of STK33 in the pathogenesis and metastatic progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). STK33 expression in human ESCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Further, we analyzed the relationship between STK33 and clinical and pathological factors as well as the prognosis of patients. ECa109 cell line was cultured and transfected with STK33-RNAi lentiviral vector to perform Hochest33342 & PI and metastasis experiments. The TCGA database was used to analyze the STK33 expression level in ESCC. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 23.0 software. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. In human ESCC specimens, STK33 was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis. Silencing STK33 expression suppressed ESCC proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. STK33 also mediated angiogenesis, TGFβ, and inflammatory response in ESCC. Mechanistic investigations revealed that STK33 regulates ESCC through multiple complex pathways. Dysregulated STK33 signaling promotes ESCC growth and progression. Thus, our findings identified STK33 as a candidate treatment target that improves ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Liping Li
- Public Health and Management College in Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Armed Police Corps, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Cheeloo Healthy Science Center, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- Clinical Medical College in Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
| | - Lingyan Huang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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3
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Luo J, Zhang L, Shen F, Luo L, Chen L, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Blood transcriptome analysis revealing aging gene expression profiles in red panda. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13743. [PMID: 35898935 PMCID: PMC9310792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The red panda is an endangered forest species distributed on the edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The species has been conserved in ex-situ in many countries and its survival is threatened by many diseases. Its immune system is vulnerable to age-associated alterations, which accumulate and result in a progressive deterioration that leads to an increased incidence of diseases. We identified 2,219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between geriatric (11-16 years) and adult individuals (4-8 years), and 1690 DEGs between adults and juveniles (1 year). The gene expression and functional annotation results showed that the innate immunity of red pandas increases significantly in geriatric individuals, whereas its change remains unclear when comparing adults and juveniles. We found that the adaptive immunity of red pandas first increased and then decreased with age. We identified CXCR3, BLNK, and CCR4 as the hub genes in the age-related protein-protein interaction network, which showed their central role in age-related immune changes. Many DNA repair genes were down-regulated in geriatric red pandas, suggesting that the DNA repair ability of the blood tissue in geriatric red pandas is significantly reduced. The significantly up-regulated TLR5 in geriatric individuals also suggests the possibility of enhancing the vaccination immune response by incorporating flagellin, which could be used to address decreased vaccine responses caused by age-related declines in immune system function. This work provides an insight into gene expression changes associated with aging and paves the way for effective disease prevention and treatment strategies for red pandas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Fujun Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Luo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Palomero L, Galván-Femenía I, de Cid R, Espín R, Barnes DR, Cimba, Blommaert E, Gil-Gil M, Falo C, Stradella A, Ouchi D, Roso-Llorach A, Violan C, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J, Extremera AI, García-Valero M, Herranz C, Mateo F, Mereu E, Beesley J, Chenevix-Trench G, Roux C, Mak T, Brunet J, Hakem R, Gorrini C, Antoniou AC, Lázaro C, Pujana MA. Immune Cell Associations with Cancer Risk. iScience 2020; 23:101296. [PMID: 32622267 PMCID: PMC7334419 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper immune system function hinders cancer development, but little is known about whether genetic variants linked to cancer risk alter immune cells. Here, we report 57 cancer risk loci associated with differences in immune and/or stromal cell contents in the corresponding tissue. Predicted target genes show expression and regulatory associations with immune features. Polygenic risk scores also reveal associations with immune and/or stromal cell contents, and breast cancer scores show consistent results in normal and tumor tissue. SH2B3 links peripheral alterations of several immune cell types to the risk of this malignancy. Pleiotropic SH2B3 variants are associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. A retrospective case-cohort study indicates a positive association between blood counts of basophils, leukocytes, and monocytes and age at breast cancer diagnosis. These findings broaden our knowledge of the role of the immune system in cancer and highlight promising prevention strategies for individuals at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Palomero
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Ivan Galván-Femenía
- GCAT-Genomes for Life, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Catalonia 08916, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- GCAT-Genomes for Life, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Catalonia 08916, Spain
| | - Roderic Espín
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Cimba
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Eline Blommaert
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Miguel Gil-Gil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Catalina Falo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Jordi Gol University Institute for Research Primary Healthcare (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Catalonia 08007, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08913, Spain
| | - Albert Roso-Llorach
- Jordi Gol University Institute for Research Primary Healthcare (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Catalonia 08007, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08913, Spain
| | - Concepció Violan
- Jordi Gol University Institute for Research Primary Healthcare (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Catalonia 08007, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08913, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), CIBERER, INB-ELIXIR-es, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), CIBERER, INB-ELIXIR-es, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Extremera
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Mar García-Valero
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Carmen Herranz
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Francesca Mateo
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Mereu
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Cecilia Roux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tak Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia 17190, Spain
| | - Razq Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08908, Spain.
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5
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Russell Knode LM, Park HS, Maul RW, Gearhart PJ. B cells from young and old mice switch isotypes with equal frequencies after ex vivo stimulation. Cell Immunol 2019; 345:103966. [PMID: 31447053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether old B cells have the same capacity to switch isotypes as young cells, we purified splenic follicular, marginal zone, and age-associated B cell subsets from C57BL/6 mice. Cells were stimulated in culture with interleukin 4 and either lipopolysaccharide or anti-CD40, and switching to IgG1 was measured by flow cytometry of surface immunoglobulin. The results show that switching was robust in follicular and marginal zone B cells from old mice and was comparable to their young counterparts. However, age-associated B cells from old mice switched poorly relative to the other subsets. Expression of activation-induced deaminase, which initiates switching, was quantified by qPCR of mRNA, and it was equal between young and old follicular B cells. Thus, in this ex vivo system, the follicular and marginal zone cells from young and old mice behaved similarly, showing that the molecular machinery to perform switching is intact in old B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Russell Knode
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Han-Sol Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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6
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McRae KM, Rowe SJ, Baird HJ, Bixley MJ, Clarke SM. Genome-wide association study of lung lesions and pleurisy in New Zealand lambs. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4512-4520. [PMID: 30099550 PMCID: PMC6247835 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is an important issue for sheep production, leading to reduced growth rate and a predisposition to pleurisy. The objective of this study was to identify loci associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in New Zealand progeny test lambs. The lungs from 3,572 progeny-test lambs were scored for presence and severity of pneumonic lesions and pleurisy at slaughter. Animals were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 markers). The heritability of lung lesion score and pleurisy were calculated using the genomic relationship matrix, and genome-wide association analyses were conducted using EMMAX and haplotype trend regression. At slaughter, 35% of lambs had pneumonic lesions, with 9% showing lesions on more than half of any individual lobe. The number of lambs recorded as having pleurisy by the processing plants was 9%. Heritability estimates for pneumonic lesions and pleurisy scores adjusted for heteroscedasticity (CPSa and PLEURa) were 0.16 (± 0.03) and 0.05 (± 0.02), respectively. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with pneumonic lesions at the genome-wide level, and additional 37 SNPs were suggestively significant. Four SNPs were significantly associated with pleurisy, with an additional 11 SNPs reaching the suggestive level of significance. There were no regions that overlapped between the 2 traits. Multiple SNPs were in regions that contained genes involved in either the DNA damage response or the innate immune response, including several that had previously been reported to have associations with respiratory disease. Both EMMAX and HTR analyses of pleurisy data showed a significant peak on chromosome 2, located downstream from the transcription factor SP3. SP3 activates or suppresses the expression of numerous genes, including several genes with known functions in the immune system. This study identified several SNPs associated with genes involved in both the innate immune response and the response to DNA damage that are associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in lambs at slaughter. Additionally, the identification in sheep of several SNPs within genes that have previously been associated with the respiratory system in cattle, pigs, rats, and mice indicates that there may be common pathways that underlie the response to invasion by respiratory pathogens in multiple species.
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7
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Castiblanco DP, Maul RW, Russell Knode LM, Gearhart PJ. Co-Stimulation of BCR and Toll-Like Receptor 7 Increases Somatic Hypermutation, Memory B Cell Formation, and Secondary Antibody Response to Protein Antigen. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1833. [PMID: 29312329 PMCID: PMC5742111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of immunization is to produce both a flood of antibodies to neutralize antigen and memory cells to accelerate the secondary response. To enhance the generation of memory B cells, we examined the effect of co-engaging BCR and toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 receptors by immunizing mice with a hapten-protein antigen, NP-CGG, and a ligand, R837 (imiquimod). During the early and late primary responses, there was no augmentation with R837 on the number of germinal center B cells or serum antibody. However, in the niche of germinal centers, R837 increased somatic hypermutation in the canonical VH1-72 gene that encodes NP-specific antibody. Increased mutation was not due to enhanced expression of activation-induced deaminase, but was likely a result of selection for high-affinity B cells with altered codons in the gene. This correlated with the appearance of antigen-specific B cells with a memory phenotype, which was intrinsic to TLR7 on B cells. To determine if these memory cells produced a recall response after a secondary challenge, spleen cells from mice that were immunized with NP-CGG and R837 were adoptively transferred into muMT recipients, and boosted with NP-CGG. Cells from mice that initially received both antigen and R837 generated a robust increase in germinal center B cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, and serum antibody, compared with their cohorts who received antigen alone. These results support the use of co-immunization with TLR7 ligands to promote vigorous memory B cell responses to protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Castiblanco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M Russell Knode
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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8
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Kelch BA. Review: The lord of the rings: Structure and mechanism of the sliding clamp loader. Biopolymers 2017; 105:532-46. [PMID: 26918303 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sliding clamps are ring-shaped polymerase processivity factors that act as master regulators of cellular replication by coordinating multiple functions on DNA to ensure faithful transmission of genetic and epigenetic information. Dedicated AAA+ ATPase machines called clamp loaders actively place clamps on DNA, thereby governing clamp function by controlling when and where clamps are used. Clamp loaders are also important model systems for understanding the basic principles of AAA+ mechanism and function. After nearly 30 years of study, the ATP-dependent mechanism of opening and loading of clamps is now becoming clear. Here I review the structural and mechanistic aspects of the clamp loading process, as well as comment on questions that will be addressed by future studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 532-546, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Kelch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
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9
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Russell Knode LM, Naradikian MS, Myles A, Scholz JL, Hao Y, Liu D, Ford ML, Tobias JW, Cancro MP, Gearhart PJ. Age-Associated B Cells Express a Diverse Repertoire of V H and Vκ Genes with Somatic Hypermutation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1921-1927. [PMID: 28093524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The origin and nature of age-associated B cells (ABCs) in mice are poorly understood. In this article, we show that their emergence required MHC class II and CD40/CD40L interactions. Young donor B cells were adoptively transferred into congenic recipients and allowed to remain for 1 mo in the absence of external Ag. B cells expressing the T-bet transcription factor, a marker for ABCs, were generated after multiple cell divisions from C57BL/6 donors but not from MHC class II- or CD40-deficient donors. Furthermore, old CD154 (CD40L)-deficient mice did not accrue ABCs, confirming that they arise primarily through T-dependent interactions. To determine what Igs ABCs express, we sequenced VH and Vκ rearranged genes from unimmunized 22-mo-old C57BL/6 mice and showed that they had a heterogeneous repertoire, which was comparable to that seen in old follicular and marginal zone B cell subsets. However, in contrast to the follicular and marginal zone cells, ABCs displayed significant somatic hypermutation. The mutation frequency was lower than found in germinal center cells after deliberate immunization, suggesting that ABCs have undergone mild stimulation from endogenous Ags over time. These observations show that quiescent ABCs are Ag-experienced cells that accumulate during T cell-dependent responses to diverse Ags during the life of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Russell Knode
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Martin S Naradikian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Arpita Myles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jean L Scholz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Danya Liu
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Molecular Profiling Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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10
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Maul RW, MacCarthy T, Frank EG, Donigan KA, McLenigan MP, Yang W, Saribasak H, Huston DE, Lange SS, Woodgate R, Gearhart PJ. DNA polymerase ι functions in the generation of tandem mutations during somatic hypermutation of antibody genes. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1675-83. [PMID: 27455952 PMCID: PMC4995076 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase ι (Pol ι) is an attractive candidate for somatic hypermutation in antibody genes because of its low fidelity. To identify a role for Pol ι, we analyzed mutations in two strains of mice with deficiencies in the enzyme: 129 mice with negligible expression of truncated Pol ι, and knock-in mice that express full-length Pol ι that is catalytically inactive. Both strains had normal frequencies and spectra of mutations in the variable region, indicating that loss of Pol ι did not change overall mutagenesis. We next examined if Pol ι affected tandem mutations generated by another error-prone polymerase, Pol ζ. The frequency of contiguous mutations was analyzed using a novel computational model to determine if they occur during a single DNA transaction or during two independent events. Analyses of 2,000 mutations from both strains indicated that Pol ι-compromised mice lost the tandem signature, whereas C57BL/6 mice accumulated significant amounts of double mutations. The results support a model where Pol ι occasionally accesses the replication fork to generate a first mutation, and Pol ζ extends the mismatch with a second mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Thomas MacCarthy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Ekaterina G Frank
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Katherine A Donigan
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Mary P McLenigan
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - William Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Huseyin Saribasak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Donald E Huston
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Sabine S Lange
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
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