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Chi H, Wei C, Ma L, Yu Y, Zhang T, Shi W. The ocular immunological alterations in the process of high-risk corneal transplantation rejection. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109971. [PMID: 38871165 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to reveal the immunopathogenesis of the high-risk corneal transplantation using a comparative proteomic approach. METHODS The immunological properties of ocular tissues (including corneal grafts, aqueous humour, and iris-ciliary body) were analysed using a high-risk rabbit corneal transplantation model employing a comparative proteomic approach. RESULTS The corneal grafts revealed a dramatic increase in the immune response both at the early (postoperative day 7) and rejection stages, along with the appearance of transplantation stress-induced cellular senescence in the early stage. The aqueous humour (AH) displayed persistent pathological alterations, indicated by the significant enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades pathway in the early stage and interleukin (IL)-17 signalling pathway in the rejection stage. More surprisingly, the pronounced elevation of immune response was also observed in the iris-ciliary body (I-CB) tissues at the early and rejection stages. The enriched immune-related pathways were associated with antigen processing and presentation, complement and coagulation cascades, and IL-17 signalling pathway. Furthermore, proteomic analysis revealed that the implantation of Cyclosporine A drug delivery system (CsA-DDS) into the anterior chamber obviously mitigated corneal transplantation rejection by inhibiting immunoreaction both in the corneal grafts and I-CB tissues. CONCLUSION The results highlighted the involvement of intraocular immunity both in the grafts and I-CB tissues during corneal transplantation rejection, further suggesting the anterior chamber as an optimal drug-delivery site for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yaoyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Weiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Rubino G, Yörük E. Immunosenescence, immunotolerance and rejection: clinical aspects in solid organ transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2024; 86:102068. [PMID: 38844001 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
As a consequence of increased lifespan and rising number of elderly individuals developing end-stage organ disease, the higher demand for organs along with a growing availability for organs from older donors pose new challenges for transplantation. During aging, dynamic adaptations in the functionality and structure of the biological systems occur. Consistently, immunosenescence (IS) accounts for polydysfunctions within the lymphocyte subsets, and the onset of a basal but persistent systemic inflammation characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. There is an emerging consensus about a causative link between such hallmarks and increased susceptibility to morbidities and mortality, however the role of IS in solid organ transplantation (SOT) remains loosely addressed. Dissecting the immune-architecture of immunologically-privileged sites may prompt novel insights to extend allograft survival. A deeper comprehension of IS in SOT might unveil key standpoints for the clinical management of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Rubino
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Efdal Yörük
- Berit Klinik, Gastrointestinal Center, Florastrasse 1, 9403 Goldach, Switzerland; University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Ophthalmology, Elfriede-Alhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Li S, Zhang P, Li A, Bao J, Pan Z, Jie Y. Rho-kinase inhibitor alleviates CD4 +T cell mediated corneal graft rejection by modulating its STAT3 and STAT5 activation. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109857. [PMID: 38479724 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Penetrating keratoplasty remains the most common treatment to restore vision for corneal diseases. Immune rejection after corneal transplantation is one of the major causes of graft failure. In recent years, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have been found to be associated with the activation of the STATs pathway and are widely studied in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it may be possible that the ROCK inhibitors also participate in the local and systemic immune regulation in corneal transplantation through activation of the STATs pathway and affect the CD4+ T cell differentiation. This study aimed to explore the role of ROCK-STATs pathway in the occurrence of immune rejection in corneal transplantation by applying Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, to the recipient mice and peripheral CD4+ T cells. We found that Y27632 significantly up-regulated the phosphorylation level of STAT5 in both spleen and lymph nodes, down-regulated the phosphorylation level of STAT3 in the CD4+ T cells in the spleen. It also increased the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Helios+ Tregs while decreased CD4+IL17A+ -Th17 cells. Moreover, Y27632 also reduced the proportion of dendritic cells in both spleen and lymph nodes, as well as the expression level of CD86 on their surfaces in the spleen, while the proportion of macrophages was not affected. The expression levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, CD11c and IL-17A mRNA were also found to be low in the graft tissue while the expression of Helios was upregulated. Rho-kinase inhibitor can modulate the balance of Tregs/Th17 by regulating the phosphorylation levels of both STAT3 and STAT5, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of immune rejection in allogeneic corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Bao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China.
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4
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Yin XT, Hartman A, Sirajuddin N, Shukla D, St Leger A, Keadle TL, Stuart PM. UV-B induced HSV-1 reactivation leads to infectious virus in the corneas of virtually all latently infected mice and requires an intact STING to develop herpetic stromal keratitis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3097720. [PMID: 37502845 PMCID: PMC10371093 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3097720/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of latent herpes simplex type 1 results in virus returning to the cornea leading to recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis (rHSK). We compare two competing models to reactivate viruses from latency, UV-B irradiation and cyclophosphamide. Results revealed that while both result in corneal recrudescence, only UV-B irradiation results in rHSK. To better understand the dynamics of reactivation, we analyzed corneas for both the presence of infectious viruses and the dynamics of exposure to multiple reactivations using UV-B. We noted that multiple reactivations result in progressively worse corneal disease. We also noted that expression of IFNα and STING, surragate markers for the presence of virus, are induced by the presence of reactivated virus. Studies to determine the importance of STING to the development of HSK revealed that in the absence of STING, mice do not develop significant HSK and the magnitude of the infiltrate of CD45 + cells in these corneas is significantly reduced. The resulting paucity of CD45 + CD11b + GR-1 + F4/80-neutrophils, and to a lesser extent CD45 + CD11b + GR-1-F4/80 + macrophages in B6-STING KO mice following reactivation is likely the underlying cause for lack of rHSK as has been noted by ourselves and others. These results underscore the critical importance of STING's role in developing rHSK.
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Lin W, Singh V, Springer R, Choonoo G, Gupta N, Patel A, Frleta D, Zhong J, Owczarek T, Decker C, Macdonald L, Murphy A, Thurston G, Mohrs M, Ioffe E, Lu YF. Human CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediate potent tumor control in humanized immune system mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:447. [PMID: 37185301 PMCID: PMC10130128 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancers can be limited by CD8 T cell dysfunction or HLA-I down-regulation. Tumor control mechanisms independent of CD8/HLA-I axis would overcome these limitations. Here, we report potent CD4 T cell-mediated tumor regression and memory responses in humanized immune system (HIS) mice implanted with HT-29 colorectal tumors. The regressing tumors showed increased CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration and enhanced tumor HLA-II expression compared to progressing tumors. The intratumoral CD4 T cell subset associated with tumor regression expressed multiple cytotoxic markers and exhibited clonal expansion. Notably, tumor control was abrogated by depletion of CD4 but not CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells derived from tumor-regressing mice exhibited HLA-II-dependent and tumor-specific killing ex vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrates a critical role of human CD4 CTLs in mediating tumor clearance independent of CD8 T cells and provides a platform to study human anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Varan Singh
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Raynel Springer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Gabrielle Choonoo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Namita Gupta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Aditi Patel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Davor Frleta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Tomasz Owczarek
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Corinne Decker
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Lynn Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Markus Mohrs
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Ella Ioffe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Lu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
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Sirajuddin N, Yin XT, Stuart PM. Role of NK T cells in transplantation with particular emphasis on corneal transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2022; 75:101727. [PMID: 36183944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are a unique subset of the immune system that possess characteristics of both an innate and adaptive immune response. This study reviews the reported roles of NKT cells in different solid transplantations such as cardiac, skin, liver, and corneal grafts as well as investigates a novel role of NKT cells in steroid-resistant corneal rejections. It is unknown why there is late corneal graft rejection despite being treated with immunosuppression. Our experimental data suggests NKT cells are playing a crucial part in steroid-resistant late graft rejections. While the pathophysiology of acute rejection is better understood, the process of chronic graft rejection is much less clear. Our data suggests NKT cells as a potential therapeutic target to prevent chronic transplant rejection which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sirajuddin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiao-Tang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick M Stuart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Liu R, Yi R, Chen X, Yi G, Fu M. Lentivirus-mediated PD-L1 overexpression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induces immune tolerance in a rat keratoplasty model. Transpl Immunol 2022; 74:101654. [PMID: 35777615 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The side effects of immune suppressants on immune rejection have become increasingly apparent after keratoplasty. To find out new alternative immunotherapy strategies, we studied the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) co-stimulatory pathway in inducing immune tolerance of rat keratoplasty. METHODS The PD-L1 protein was constitutively overexpressed via lentiviral transduction in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from rats, then infused via the tail vein into rats before undergoing keratoplasty. Western blot analysis of PD-L1 protein confirmed the effectiveness of lentivirus-mediated. The phenotype of immature BMDC was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis with CD80, CD86, CD11c and MHC-II antibodies. To investigate the mechanism of the immune tolerance induced by BMDCs transfusion, PD-L1, IFN-γ and IL-17 in serum and cell culture supernatant were assessed by ELISA and qPCR. RESULTS After LPS stimulation, immature dendritic cells with over-expression of PD-L1 still showed high expression of PD-L1(p < 0.001), and low expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ (p < 0.001), which reduced neovascularization (p < 0.05), and prolonged the survival after corneal implants. CONCLUSION Immature DC cells with overexpression of PD-L1 have low ability to activate T cells,which is a potential treatment for avoiding graft rejection by promoting natural immunosuppression. This cellular treatment is expected to reduce the use of immune suppressants and the occurrence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Liu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwen Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xinglu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Th17 Activation and Th17/Treg Imbalance in Prolonged Anterior Intraocular Inflammation after Ocular Alkali Burn. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137075. [PMID: 35806082 PMCID: PMC9266712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular alkali burn (OAB) is a sight-threatening disease with refractory ocular inflammation causing various blinding complications. Th17 lymphocytes account for the pathogeneses of the autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation, but their role in prolonged anterior intraocular inflammation after OAB is still unknown. A rat OAB model was established for this purpose. Anterior intraocular inflammation was observed in both the acute and late phases of OAB, and histological examination confirmed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrin exudation in the anterior segment. Luminex xMAP technology and qPCR were used to evaluate the intraocular levels of cytokines. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly elevated during the acute phase. The expression of IL-17A gradually increased from day 7 onwards and remained at a relatively high level. Immunofluorescence was performed to identify Th17 cells. CD4 and IL-17A double positive cells were detected in the anterior chamber from days 7 to 28. Flow cytometry showed that the frequency of Th17 cells increased in both lymph nodes and spleen, while the frequency of Treg cells remained unchanged, resulting in an elevated Th17/Treg ratio. The present study suggests that Th17 activation and Th17/Treg imbalance account for prolonged anterior intraocular inflammation after OAB.
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JAK2 gene knockout inhibits corneal allograft rejection in mice by regulating dendritic cell-induced T cell immune tolerance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:289. [PMID: 35710633 PMCID: PMC9203759 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal allograft rejection can be seen in some patients after corneal transplantation. The present study intends to investigate whether JAK2 gene knockout affects corneal allograft rejection through regulation of dendritic cells (DCs)-induced T cell immune tolerance. In order to identify the target gene related to corneal allograft rejection, high-throughput mRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. JAK2 knockout mice were constructed and subjected to corneal allograft transplantation. The incidence of immune rejection was observed, the percentage of CD4+ T cells was detected, and the expression of Th1 cytokine interferon γ (IFN-γ) was determined. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to analyze the effects of JAK2 gene knockout on bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). JAK2 was the target gene related to corneal allograft rejection. JAK2 gene knockout contributed to significantly prolonged survival time of corneal grafts in mice and inhibited corneal allograft rejection. The in vitro cell experiment further confirmed that JAK2 gene knockout contributed to the inactivation of CD4+ T cells and induced IFN-γ expression, accompanied by inhibition of DC immune function, development, maturation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, JAK2 gene knockout inactivates CD4+ T cells to decrease IFN-γ expression, as well as inhibits DC development, maturation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing corneal allograft rejection.
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Valdivia E, Bertolin M, Breda C, Carvalho Oliveira M, Salz AK, Hofmann N, Börgel M, Blasczyk R, Ferrari S, Figueiredo C. Genetic Modification of Limbal Stem Cells to Decrease Allogeneic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747357. [PMID: 34956181 PMCID: PMC8696204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cell (LSC) transplantation is the only efficient treatment for patients affected by LSC deficiency (LSCD). Allogeneic LSC transplantation is one of the most successful alternative for patients with bilateral LSCD. Nevertheless, the high variability of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) remains a relevant obstacle to long-term allogeneic graft survival. This study characterized the immunologic properties of LSCs and proposed a genetic engineering strategy to reduce the immunogenicity of LSCs and of their derivatives. Hence, LSC HLA expression was silenced using lentiviral vectors encoding for short hairpin (sh) RNAs targeting β2-microglobulin (β2M) or class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA) to silence HLA class I and II respectively. Beside the constitutive expression of HLA class I, LSCs showed the capability to upregulate HLA class II expression under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, LSCs demonstrated the capability to induce T-cell mediated immune responses. LSCs phenotypical and functional characteristics are not disturbed after genetic modification. However, HLA silenced LSC showed to prevent T cell activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity in comparison to fully HLA-expressing LSCs. Additionally; HLA-silenced LSCs were protected against antibody-mediated cellular-dependent cytotoxicity. Our data is a proof-of-concept of the feasibility to generate low immunogenic human LSCs without affecting their typical features. The use of low immunogenic LSCs may support for long-term survival of LSCs and their derivatives after allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Valdivia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Breda
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Hofmann
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Börgel
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Zhu Z, Peng R, Shen H, Zhong L, Song S, Wang T, Ling S. Treatment With Melatonin After Corneal Graft Attenuates Rejection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778892. [PMID: 34737710 PMCID: PMC8560893 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunologic graft rejection is the main complication of corneal transplants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) on the rejection of corneal transplantation. Methods: Corneal allografts were performed by grafting corneas from BALB/C mice to C57BL/6 hosts. MT (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the hosts every day from the day of transplantation. The survival of grafts was observed by slit lamp biomicroscopy, and inflammatory cell infiltration was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The balance of Teff and Treg immune cells in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines related to the grafts and DLNs were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Additionally, we used the mouse macrophage line RAW264.7 to study the effect of MT on the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory body. Results: MT treatment improved the graft survival rate, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the graft, decreased the percentage of Th1/Th17 cells in the DLNs, and increased the percentage of Treg cells. Melatonin inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby reducing the expression of IL-1β and other related proinflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1, NLRP3, ASC, TNF-a and VEGF-A (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that MT promotes the survival of mouse corneal grafts by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated immune regulation, reducing immune cell activation and cell migration, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory-related cytokines. Treatment with MT might provide a potential clinical therapeutic target for corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Cao Q, Li Y, Li Y, Li L. Loss of miR-673-5p expression in the cornea promotes rat corneal allograft rejection by promoting Th17 cell differentiation mediated by JAK2/STAT3. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1409. [PMID: 34733961 PMCID: PMC8506749 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) T cells play an important role in corneal graft rejection, especially the dynamic balance between regulatory T cells and helper T cells. This study aims to explore the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of Th17 cell differentiation-mediated corneal allograft rejection. Methods By establishing rat corneal allograft transplantation model, transcriptome analysis was carried out to screen the differentially expressed genes related to T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation, and then cell experiments were used to verify the effect of miR-673-5p/Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) signal on naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation and the proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Finally, the role of miR-673-5p/JAK2 signal in corneal allograft rejection was verified by animal model in vivo. Results The results showed that JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation-mediated Th17 cell differentiation was significantly up-regulated during corneal allograft rejection, and miR-673-5p expression was down-regulated after corneal allograft rejection. Low expression of miR-673-5p promoted Th17 cell differentiation by up-regulating JAK2, and then promoted placental growth factor (PLGF)mediated corneal neovascularization (CNV). Conclusions The results of this study suggested that low expression of miR-673-5p is a promoter of corneal allograft rejection. Overexpression of miR-673-5p can improve the survival rate of corneal allografts by inhibiting the differentiation and maturation of Th17 cells mediated by JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhu J, Inomata T, Di Zazzo A, Kitazawa K, Okumura Y, Coassin M, Surico PL, Fujio K, Yanagawa A, Miura M, Akasaki Y, Fujimoto K, Nagino K, Midorikawa-Inomata A, Hirosawa K, Kuwahara M, Huang T, Shokirova H, Eguchi A, Murakami A. Role of Immune Cell Diversity and Heterogeneity in Corneal Graft Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204667. [PMID: 34682792 PMCID: PMC8537034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is one of the most successful forms of solid organ transplantation; however, immune rejection is still a major cause of corneal graft failure. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in allograft tolerance. Therefore, immune cells, cytokines, and signal-transduction pathways are critical therapeutic targets. In this analysis, we aimed to review the current literature on various immunotherapeutic approaches for corneal-allograft rejection using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Retrievable data for meta-analysis were screened and assessed. The review, which evaluated multiple immunotherapeutic approaches to prevent corneal allograft rejection, showed extensive involvement of innate and adaptive immunity components. Understanding the contribution of this immune diversity to the ocular surface is critical for ensuring corneal allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1228
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.D.Z.); (M.C.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Koji Kitazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6020841, Japan;
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.D.Z.); (M.C.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.D.Z.); (M.C.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Ai Yanagawa
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
| | - Akie Midorikawa-Inomata
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Mizu Kuwahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsuko Eguchi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (K.N.); (A.M.-I.); (A.E.)
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (M.M.); (Y.A.); (K.H.); (M.K.); (T.H.); (H.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
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Narimatsu A, Hattori T, Usui Y, Ueno H, Funaki T, Komatsu H, Nakagawa H, Akiba H, Goto H. Blockade of costimulatory CD27/CD70 pathway promotes corneal allograft survival. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108190. [PMID: 32798537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the CD27/CD70 pathway plays a significant role in corneal allograft rejection by investigating the effect of blocking the CD27/CD70 pathway by anti-CD70 antibody on corneal allograft survival. METHODS Orthotopic penetrating keratoplasty was performed using C57BL/6 donor grafts and BALB/c recipients. Expression of CD27 and CD70 on rejected cornea was examined by immunohistochemistry. Corneal transplant recipients received intraperitoneal injection of anti-CD70 antibody (FR70) or control rat IgG. Alloreactivity was measured by mixed lymphoid reaction (MLR) in recipients administered control rat IgG and those administered anti-CD70 antibody. Corneal expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 was also examined in both groups. Graft opacity was assessed over an 8-week period and graft survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Proportion of CD4+CD44+ memory T cells in lymph nodes was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD4+CD27+ cells and CD11c+CD70+ cells were present in rejected cornea. Anti-CD70 antibody administration suppressed alloreactivity in corneal allograft recipients, and inhibited IFN-γ expression in recipient cornea (p < 0.05). Anti-CD70 antibody suppressed opacity score of recipient cornea and prolonged corneal allograft survival (p < 0.05). Proportion of CD4+CD44+ memory T cells in recipient lymph nodes was reduced by anti-CD70 antibody treatment. CONCLUSION The CD27/CD70 pathway plays a significant role in corneal allograft rejection by initiating alloreactive Th1 cells and preserving memory T cells. Anti-CD70 antibody administration prolongs corneal allograft survival indicating the potential therapeutic effect of CD27/CD70 pathway blockade on corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitomo Narimatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hattori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueno
- Department of Immunology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshinari Funaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Komatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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Katayama H. Anti-interleukin-17A and anti-interleukin-23 antibodies may be effective against Alzheimer's disease: Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01504. [PMID: 31849180 PMCID: PMC6955921 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the remarkable progress achieved in the research on Alzheimer's disease (AD), its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood and effective therapies do not currently exist. In order to find effective therapy for AD, I ranged extensively over the literature and found an important paper by Tiffany and colleagues. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a possible cause or driving force of AD. The discovery by Tiffany et al. that amyloid β (Aβ) is a formylpeptide receptor 2 agonist indicated that Aβ is a potent chemoattractant for phagocytic leukocytes. Therefore, in all likelihood Aβ attracts peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, as well as microglia cells in brain parenchyma, and activates them. However, the role of microglia cells and their precursor monocytes in AD pathogenesis remains elusive. Recently, neutrophils were found to be present in areas with Aβ deposits in AD brain and in transgenic AD model mice. Because brain is vulnerable to the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophils secrete a large amount of ROS, neutrophils look like a driving force of AD. Therefore, a possibility arises that anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-23 antibodies are effective against AD, because these antibodies can be thought to interfere with neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow to the blood circulation and thus inhibit neutrophil infiltration into AD brain. Clinical studies using anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-23 antibodies in patients with AD are required.
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16
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Kinetics of Tear Fluid Proteins after Endothelial Keratoplasty and Predictive Factors for Recovery from Corneal Haze. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010063. [PMID: 31888042 PMCID: PMC7019256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is less invasive with faster recovery as compared to conventional penetrating keratoplasty, however, it relies on the clarity of the host corneal stroma. Corneal transplantation involves the induction of immune tolerance for allogeneic tissues as well as the corneal wound healing process, in which coordinated interactions between cytokines and growth factors are critical. In this study, we profiled the expression of 51 soluble factors in the tear fluid over the course of EK and have provided evidence of dynamic changes in cytokine expression in the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. Cluster analyses classified the cytokine expression kinetics into five groups. Group 1 proteins included TGF-b1, IL-1b, and innate proinflammatory cytokines, which bilaterally increased after surgery, despite the use of topical corticosteroid in the transplanted eyes. Local corticosteroids suppressed cytokines involved in adaptive immunity in the transplanted eyes but not in the contralateral eyes. We found tear protein expression at baseline and one week post-surgery to be a potential predictive biomarker of delayed recovery after EK in terms of the corneal haze and visual acuity. Furthermore, Group 1 tear proteins were most associated with persistent corneal haze pre-surgery as well as visual acuity at one month-post transplant.
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17
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Wu XS, Lu XL, Wu J, Ma M, Yu J, Zhang ZY. Tocilizumab promotes corneal allograft survival in rats by modulating Treg-Th17 balance. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1823-1831. [PMID: 31850163 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the therapeutic effects of tocilizumab on experimental corneal transplantation and its effect on Treg/Th17 balance. METHODS Allograft corneal graft was performed between host Sprague Dawley and Wistar donor rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal, autograft, allograft, and allograft treated with tocilizumab. Kaplan-Meier was performed to draw the survival curve. The protein levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) were measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of IL-17A, VEGF, retinoid-related orphan receptor gammat (RORγt), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Foxp3 were detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The Treg and Th17 cells were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The survival time of tocilizumab group was (24±1.27d) longer than that of allograft group (10±0.55d). Moreover, immunohistochemical examination revealed that IL-17A and VEGF protein levels in the allograft group were significantly higher than that of tocilizumab group (P<0.01), while Foxp3 levels in the allograft group was significantly lower than that of the tocilizumab treated group (P<0.001). Flow cytometry showed that the number of Th17 cells in allograft group was significantly higher than that in tocilizumab group (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the number of Tregs was significantly lower than in tocilizumab group (P<0.001). Simultaneously, Foxp3 mRNA expression level in corneal tissues of tocilizumab treated group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that tocilizumab may promote corneal allograft survival, possibly by modulating Treg-Th17 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Huiqiao Building, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Women And Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China
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18
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Wang H, Zhao Q, Luo D, Yin Y, Li T, Zhao M. Resolvin E1 Inhibits Corneal Allograft Rejection in High-Risk Corneal Transplantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3911-3919. [PMID: 30073362 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on corneal allograft rejection in a high -risk corneal allograft transplantation model. Methods High-risk corneal beds were created via placement of intrastromal sutures in the corneas of BALB/c mice for 2 weeks. Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed by transplanting corneas of C57BL/6 mice onto BALB/c hosts. RvE1 or normal saline (control) was subconjunctivally injected. Allograft survival was observed by slit lamp biomicroscope, and inflammatory cell infiltration was detected by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. The percentage of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17-associated cytokines in the grafts were measured by cytometric bead array and real-time PCR. Results RvE1 treatment significantly improved allograft survival compared to the control group. After RvE1 treatment, the infiltration of neutrophils and CD4+ T (Th1/Th17) cells were decreased in corneal grafts, and the percentage of Th1/Th17 cells in DLNs were reduced. In addition, RvE1 treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the graft including IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 as well as the protein level of the proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, TNF, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17. However, RvE1 treatment did not alter the percentage of Treg cells in DLNs and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Conclusions RvE1 treatment improves allogeneic corneal graft survival in a high-risk corneal transplantation model via inhibiting the Th1/Th17-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhou Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
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19
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Wang H, Fan H, Tao J, Shao Q, Ding Q. MicroRNA-21 silencing prolongs islet allograft survival by inhibiting Th17 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 66:274-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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The Effects of Anti-LAP Monoclonal Antibody Down-regulation of CD4+LAP+ T Cells on Allogeneic Corneal Transplantation in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8021. [PMID: 29789580 PMCID: PMC5964070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ T cells are a newly discovered T cell subset with suppressive function on immune responses. In this study, we investigate the role of CD4+LAP+ T cells on mice corneal allograft survival by down-regulating their expression using anti-LAP mAb. We show that a blockage of LAP leads to a decrease in the percentage of T cells expressing CD4+Foxp3+, CD4+GARP+, CD4+LAP+ and CD4+IL-10+ in the lymph nodes and spleens of mice undergoing orthotopic penetrating transplantation of corneal allograft, without affecting corneal graft survival. In addition, higher percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-17A+ T cells in the lymph nodes and spleens, as well as TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-6 levels in the aqueous humor, significantly increase in mice with rejected corneal grafts. The expression of TGF-β1 decreases in corneal grafts during corneal rejection period. It is therefore possible that anti-LAP mAb can down-regulate the regulatory T cell subsets with its immunosuppressive effects. The rejection of corneal grafts seems to mainly be associated with the up-regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell subsets in peripheral lymph nodes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of dry eye disease (DED) in graft donors on dendritic cell (DC) maturation, host T-cell sensitization, and corneal allograft rejection. METHODS Corneas of control (healthy donor) and DED mice (C57BL/6) were transplanted onto fully allogeneic naive BALB/c recipients (n = 10 mice/group). Long-term allograft survival was evaluated for 8 weeks. Corneas and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were harvested at posttransplantation day 14 (n = 5 mice/group). The frequencies of MHCII CD11c DCs in the donor corneas and host dLNs and the frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 CD4 T cells and Foxp3 expression by Tregs in host dLNs were investigated using flow cytometry. The enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to assess host T-cell allosensitization through direct and indirect pathways (n = 3/group). RESULTS Recipients of DED donor corneas showed significantly reduced graft survival (10%) compared with control mice (50% survival, P = 0.022), and had significantly increased frequencies of mature DCs in the grafted cornea (DED donor 44.0% ± 0.36% vs. healthy donor 35.4 ± 0.5%; P < 0.0001) and host dLNs (DED donor 25.1% ± 0.66% vs. healthy donor 13.7% ± 1.6%; P = 0.005). Frequencies of IFN-γ and IL-17 T cells were increased in the dLNs of recipients of DED corneas, whereas the expression (mean fluorescence intensity) of Foxp3 in Tregs was decreased significantly in these mice (DED donor 6004 ± 193 vs. healthy donor 6806 ± 81; P = 0.0002). Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis showed that the direct pathway of allosensitization was significantly amplified in recipients of grafts with DED (P = 0.0146). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DED in the donor is a significant risk factor for subsequent corneal allograft rejection.
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The Balance of Th1/Th2 and LAP+Tregs/Th17 Cells Is Crucial for Graft Survival in Allogeneic Corneal Transplantation. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:5404989. [PMID: 29576879 PMCID: PMC5822769 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5404989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose CD4+LAP+ T cells are newly discovered regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study is to investigate the balance of Th1/Th2 and LAP+Tregs/Th17 in mice after allogeneic corneal transplantation. Methods A total of 65 mice received orthotopic penetrating transplantation. According to the survival scores of the grafts, the mice were divided into the rejection group and the survival group 3 weeks after transplantation. Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells in the ipsilateral drainage lymph nodes and spleens were measured with flow cytometry. The related cytokines in aqueous humor were also analyzed. Results The frequencies of Foxp3+Tregs, GARP+Tregs, and LAP+Tregs in the survival group were significantly higher than those in the rejection group. And the expression trend of CD4+LAP+ T cells and CD4+GARP+ T cells was consistent. The level of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, and IL-17A markedly increased in aqueous humor during corneal allograft rejection. The ratio of Th1/Th2 and Th17/LAP+Tregs significantly increased in the rejection group at the 3rd week after corneal transplantation. Conclusion LAP+Tregs might be regarded as substitute for Foxp3+Tregs. The balance of Th1/Th2 and LAP+Tregs/Th17 is crucial for corneal allograft survival.
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23
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Tahvildari M, Amouzegar A, Foulsham W, Dana R. Therapeutic approaches for induction of tolerance and immune quiescence in corneal allotransplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1509-1520. [PMID: 29307015 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is the most commonly transplanted tissue in the body. Corneal grafts in low-risk recipients enjoy high success rates, yet over 50% of high-risk grafts (with inflamed and vascularized host beds) are rejected. As our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways that mediate rejection has deepened, a number of novel therapeutic strategies have been unveiled. This manuscript reviews therapeutic approaches to promote corneal transplant survival through targeting (1) corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis, (2) antigen presenting cells, (3) effector and regulatory T cells, and (4) mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tahvildari
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Afsaneh Amouzegar
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Foulsham
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Morrison MI, Pither TL, Fisher AJ. Pathophysiology and classification of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4084-4097. [PMID: 29268419 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term primary graft dysfunction (PGD) incorporates a continuum of disease severity from moderate to severe acute lung injury (ALI) within 72 h of lung transplantation. It represents the most significant obstacle to achieving good early post-transplant outcomes, but is also associated with increased incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) subsequently. PGD is characterised histologically by diffuse alveolar damage, but is graded on clinical grounds with a combination of PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) and the presence of radiographic infiltrates, with 0 being absence of disease and 3 being severe PGD. The aetiology is multifactorial but commonly results from severe ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), with tissue-resident macrophages largely responsible for stimulating a secondary 'wave' of neutrophils and lymphocytes that produce severe and widespread tissue damage. Donor history, recipient health and operative factors may all potentially contribute to the likelihood of PGD development. Work that aims to minimise the incidence of PGD in ongoing, with techniques such as ex vivo perfusion of donor lungs showing promise both in research and in clinical studies. This review will summarise the current clinical status of PGD before going on to discuss its pathophysiology, current therapies available and future directions for clinical management of PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvern Isabel Morrison
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Leonard Pither
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew John Fisher
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Hou A, Tong L. Expression, Regulation, and Effects of Interleukin-17f in the Human Ocular Surface. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:1069-1077. [PMID: 28537453 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1316411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the basal and possibly stimulated expression of interleukin (IL)-17 in the context of the ocular surface and potential downstream effects. METHODS Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate IL-17F expression in human cornea/conjunctival tissues and cornea epithelial cell line. Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) transcripts were quantified by qPCR. IL-17F effects on NF-κB were investigated by the secretary alkaline phosphatase assay. RESULTS IL-17F was expressed in the cytoplasm of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial tissues. In the corneal cell line, exogenous IL-17F did not increase the NF-κB activity, but Pam3CSK4 increased IL-17F transcripts. IL-17F stimulated MMP-9 activity, promoted IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α transcripts levels, and depressed monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, but did not affect transforming growth factor beta-1 transcript levels. CONCLUSIONS Normal corneal/conjunctival epithelial cells express IL-17F. Microbial agents may stimulate IL-17F via the NF-κB pathway. Matrix dissolution stimulated by IL-17F may have a role in the melting and necrosis of cornea in severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Hou
- a Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- a Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,b Corneal and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Center , Singapore.,c Duke-National University of Singapore Gradate Medical School , Singapore.,d Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Abstract
The development of post-transplantation antibodies against non-HLA autoantigens is associated with rejection and decreased long-term graft survival. Although our knowledge of non-HLA antibodies is incomplete, compelling experimental and clinical findings demonstrate that antibodies directed against autoantigens such as angiotensin type 1 receptor, perlecan and collagen, contribute to the process of antibody-mediated acute and chronic rejection. The mechanisms that underlie the production of autoantibodies in the setting of organ transplantation is an important area of ongoing investigation. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury, surgical trauma and/or alloimmune responses can result in the release of organ-derived autoantigens (such as soluble antigens, extracellular vesicles or apoptotic bodies) that are presented to B cells in the context of the transplant recipient's antigen presenting cells and stimulate autoantibody production. Type 17 T helper cells orchestrate autoantibody production by supporting the proliferation and maturation of autoreactive B cells within ectopic tertiary lymphoid tissue. Conversely, autoantibody-mediated graft damage can trigger alloimmunity and the development of donor-specific HLA antibodies that can act in synergy to promote allograft rejection. Identification of the immunologic phenotypes of transplant recipients at risk of non-HLA antibody-mediated rejection, and the development of targeted therapies to treat such rejection, are sorely needed to improve both graft and patient survival.
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Yang J, Feng S, Yi G, Wu W, Yi R, Lu X, Xu W, Qiu H. Inhibition of RelA expression via RNA interference induces immune tolerance in a rat keratoplasty model. Mol Immunol 2016; 73:88-97. [PMID: 27062711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jize Yang
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Songfu Feng
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Ruiwen Yi
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Haijiang Qiu
- Department of Ophtalmology, Guangzhou first people's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
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Yu T, Rajendran V, Griffith M, Forrester JV, Kuffová L. High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge. World J Transplant 2016; 6:10-27. [PMID: 27011902 PMCID: PMC4801785 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in “low-risk” settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in “low-risk” recipients is favourable, the prognosis in “high-risk” recipients for corneal graft is poor. In “high-risk” grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of “high-risk” recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in “high-risk” recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicine may be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation: (1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and (2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem of corneal blindness in both “low-risk” and “high-risk” hosts.
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