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Mourtada J, Thibaudeau C, Wasylyk B, Jung AC. The Multifaceted Role of Human Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) in Development, Immune Modulation and Cancer. Cells 2023; 13:75. [PMID: 38201279 PMCID: PMC10778571 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human Dickkopf (DKK) family includes four main secreted proteins, DKK-1, DKK-2, DKK-3, and DKK-4, as well as the DKK-3 related protein soggy (Sgy-1 or DKKL1). These glycoproteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, and especially modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. DKK-3 is distinct, with its multifaceted roles in development, stem cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Intriguingly, DKK-3 appears to have immunomodulatory functions and a complex role in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, depending on the context. DKK-3 is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target that can be modulated by epigenetic reactivation, gene therapy and DKK-3-blocking agents. However, further research is needed to optimize DKK-3-based therapies. In this review, we comprehensively describe the known functions of DKK-3 and highlight the importance of context in understanding and exploiting its roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mourtada
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (J.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratoire STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), INSERM U1113 IRFAC, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloé Thibaudeau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (J.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratoire STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), INSERM U1113 IRFAC, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U 1258, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (J.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratoire STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), INSERM U1113 IRFAC, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Kang L, Wang X, Wang J, Guo J, Zhang W, Lei R. NRF1 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammatory injury by upregulating DKK3 and inhibiting the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:120-129. [PMID: 37402316 PMCID: PMC10711350 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory injury is the main cause of the incidence of severe neonatal pneumonia (NP) and associated deaths. Although dickkopf-3 (DKK3) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in numerous pathological processes, its role in NP is still unknown. In this study, human embryonic lung WI-38 and MRC-5 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory injury of NP in vitro. The expression of DKK3 was downregulated in LPS-stimulated WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. DKK3 overexpression decreased LPS-induced inhibition of cell viability, and reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. DKK3 overexpression also reduced LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors such as ROS, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α. Nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF1) knockdown was found to upregulate DKK3 and inactivate the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in LPS-injured WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. NRF1 knockdown also suppressed LPS-induced inhibition on cell viability, repressed LPS-induced apoptosis, and inhibited the accumulation of ROS, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in LPS-injured WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. DKK3 knockdown or re-activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway reversed the inhibitory effects of NRF1 knockdown on LPS-induced inflammatory injury. In conclusion, NRF1 knockdown can alleviate LPS-triggered inflammatory injury by regulating DKK3 and the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruirui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
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Zuo Z, Kania AK, Patterson DG, Hicks SL, Maurer J, Gupta M, Boss JM, Scharer CD. CRISPR/Cas9 editing reveals IRF8 regulated gene signatures restraining plasmablast differentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17527. [PMID: 37416674 PMCID: PMC10320122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is involved in maintaining B cell identity. However, how IRF8 regulates T cell independent B cell responses are not fully characterized. Here, an in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 system was optimized to generate Irf8-deficient murine B cells and used to determine the role of IRF8 in B cells responding to LPS stimulation. Irf8-deficient B cells more readily formed CD138+ plasmablasts in response to LPS with the principal dysregulation occurring at the activated B cell stage. Transcriptional profiling revealed an upregulation of plasma cell associated genes prematurely in activated B cells and a failure to repress the gene expression programs of IRF1 and IRF7 in Irf8-deficient cells. These data expand on the known roles of IRF8 in regulating B cell identity by preventing premature plasma cell formation and highlight how IRF8 helps evolve TLR responses away from the initial activation towards those driving humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Current Address: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Anna K. Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dillon G. Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sakeenah L. Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey Maurer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Al Shareef Z, Ershaid MNA, Mudhafar R, Soliman SSM, Kypta RM. Dickkopf-3: An Update on a Potential Regulator of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235822. [PMID: 36497305 PMCID: PMC9738550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in cancer is context-dependent, with elevated expression associated with tumor promotion and suppression in different settings. The receptors and effectors that mediate the diverse effects of Dkk-3 have not been characterized in detail, contributing to an ongoing mystery of its mechanism of action. This review compares the various functions of Dkk-3 in the tumor microenvironment, where Dkk-3 has been found to be expressed by subpopulations of fibroblasts, endothelial, and immune cells, in addition to epithelial cells. We also discuss how the activation or inhibition of Dkk-3, depending on tumor type and context, might be used to treat different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7250
| | - Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rula Mudhafar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert M. Kypta
- CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Kano J, Wang H, Zhang H, Noguchi M. Roles of DKK3 in cellular adhesion, motility, and invasion through extracellular interaction with TGFBI. FEBS J 2022; 289:6385-6399. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan
| | - Han Zhang
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Japan
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Sciascia S, Barinotti A, Radin M, Cecchi I, Menegatti E, Terzolo E, Rossi D, Baldovino S, Fenoglio R, Roccatello D. Dickkopf Homolog 3 (DKK3) as a Prognostic Marker in Lupus Nephritis: A Prospective Monocentric Experience. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11112977. [PMID: 35683365 PMCID: PMC9181809 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) is still represented by renal biopsy, and serological prognostic biomarkers are still lacking. Dickkopf homolog-3 (DKK3) has been suggested as a marker of tissue fibrosis in different conditions; however, its role in autoimmune diseases needs to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the prognostic role of DKK3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without LN, assessing its changes in relation to kidney function, flares, and interstitial fibrosis. Methods: Overall, 132 SLE patients (57 with LN) were included and prospectively followed up for at least 36 months. DKK3 was measured in serum at baseline. Biopsies were evaluated for glomerular involvement, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Results: Patients with biopsy-proven LN had significantly higher levels of DKK3 than those without (median [min−max]: 215 ng/mL [81−341] vs. 21.1 ng/mL [1−69], p < 0.01). DKK3 levels were associated with prevalent chronic kidney diseases (OR: 4.31 [C.I. 2.01−6.61] per DKK3 doubling, p < 0.01), higher chronicity index at biopsy (1.75 [1.51−2.77] per DKK3 doubling, p < 0.01), and flares rate (OR: 1.45 [C.I. 1.1−5.71] per DKK3 doubling, p < 0.044). Conclusions: While kidney biopsy still represents the gold standard for diagnostic and prognostic assessment in LN, DKK3 could represent an additional prognostic tool to monitor SLE patients and guide therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savino Sciascia
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0112-402-056; Fax: +39-0112-402-052
| | - Alice Barinotti
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Radin
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Cecchi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Edoardo Terzolo
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Kikuchi A, Matsumoto S, Sada R. Dickkopf signaling, beyond Wnt-mediated biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:55-65. [PMID: 34801396 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (DKK1) was originally identified as a secreted protein that antagonizes Wnt signaling. Although DKK1 is essential for the developmental process, its functions in postnatal and adult life are unclear. However, evidence is accumulating that DKK1 is involved in tumorigenesis in a manner unrelated to Wnt signaling. In addition, recent studies have revealed that DKK1 may control immune reactions, although the relationship of this to Wnt signaling is unknown. Other DKK family members, DKK2-4, are likely to have their own functions. Here, we review the possible novel functions of DKKs. We summarize the characteristics of receptors of DKKs and the signaling mechanisms through DKKs and their receptors, provide evidence showing that DKKs are involved in tumor aggressiveness independently of Wnt signaling, and emphasize promising cancer therapies targeting DKKs and receptors. Lastly, we discuss various physiological and pathological processes controlled by DKKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Sada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a novel biomarker for chronic GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2409-2417. [PMID: 32492155 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify plasma biomarkers associated with fibrotic mechanisms of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we used multiplex mass spectrometry with pooled samples for biomarker discovery in comparing proteomic profiles between patients with newly diagnosed sclerotic chronic GVHD (n = 21), those with newly diagnosed nonsclerotic chronic GVHD (n = 33), and those without chronic GVHD (n = 20). Immunoassay was used to measure protein concentrations of individual discovery samples and 186 independent verification samples. The discovery mass spectrometry analysis identified 2 candidate proteins with at least 1.5-fold difference in sclerotic GVHD: Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP). Analysis of individual discovery samples by immunoassay showed that DKK3, a modulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, was a biomarker for both sclerotic and nonsclerotic chronic GVHD. Verification analysis of 186 patients confirmed that elevated plasma DKK3 concentrations were associated with chronic GVHD, regardless of the presence or absence of sclerosis, and that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 for association of DKK3 concentrations with chronic GVHD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that chronic GVHD with or without steroid treatment and patient age were independently associated with DKK3 concentrations. Patients with high DKK3 concentrations had a higher nonrelapse mortality than those with low concentrations. The lower IL1RAP concentrations in patients with sclerotic GVHD compared with other conditions in the discovery cohort were not confirmed in the verification cohort. DKK3 is a novel biomarker for chronic GVHD. Further studies are needed to determine the biological functions of DKK3 in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD.
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Gondkar K, Sathe G, Joshi N, Nair B, Pandey A, Kumar P. Integrated Proteomic and Phosphoproteomics Analysis of DKK3 Signaling Reveals Activated Kinase in the Most Aggressive Gallbladder Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030511. [PMID: 33670899 PMCID: PMC7997438 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DKK3 is a secreted protein, which belongs to a family of Wnt antagonists and acts as a potential tumor suppressor in gallbladder cancer. To further understand its tumor suppressor functions, we overexpressed DKK3 in 3 GBC cell lines. We have employed high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass tag (TMT) multiplexing technology along with immobilized metal affinity chromatography to enrich phosphopeptides to check the downstream regulators. In this study, we reported for the first time the alteration in the phosphorylation of 14 kinases upon DKK3 overexpression. In addition, we observed DKK3 induced hyper phosphorylation of 2 phosphatases: PPP1R12A and PTPRA, which have not been reported previously. Canonical pathway analysis of altered molecules indicated differential enrichment of signaling cascades upon DKK3 overexpression in all the 3 cell lines. Protein kinase A signaling, Sirtuin signaling pathway, and Cell Cycle Control of Chromosomal Replication were observed to be differentially activated in the GBC cell lines. Our study revealed, DKK3 overexpression has differential effect based on the aggressive behavior of the cell lines. This study expands the understanding of DKK3-mediated signaling events and can be used as a primary factor for understanding the complex nature of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gondkar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (K.G.); (G.S.); (N.J.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (K.G.); (G.S.); (N.J.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (K.G.); (G.S.); (N.J.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (K.G.); (G.S.); (N.J.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
- Correspondence:
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10
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Fang X, Hu J, Chen Y, Shen W, Ke B. Dickkopf-3: Current Knowledge in Kidney Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:533344. [PMID: 33391006 PMCID: PMC7772396 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.533344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) is a secreted glycoprotein that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Recent evidence suggests that urinary DKK3 may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring kidney disease progression and assessing the effects of interventions. We review the biological role of DKK3 as an agonist in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and as an antagonist in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). In addition, we present the clinical applications of DKK3 in acute kidney disease and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, suggesting that urine DKK3 may be a potential biomarker for acute kidney disease and CKD. Further research into the mechanism of DKK3 and its use as a diagnostic tool, alone or in combination with other biomarkers, could prove clinically useful for better understanding the pathology of kidney diseases and improving early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ben Ke
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Galindo-Campos MA, Bedora-Faure M, Farrés J, Lescale C, Moreno-Lama L, Martínez C, Martín-Caballero J, Ampurdanés C, Aparicio P, Dantzer F, Cerutti A, Deriano L, Yélamos J. Coordinated signals from the DNA repair enzymes PARP-1 and PARP-2 promotes B-cell development and function. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2667-2681. [PMID: 30996287 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2 regulate the function of various DNA-interacting proteins by transferring ADP-ribose emerging from catalytic cleavage of cellular β-NAD+. Hence, mice lacking PARP-1 or PARP-2 show DNA perturbations ranging from altered DNA integrity to impaired DNA repair. These effects stem from the central role that PARP-1 and PARP-2 have on the cellular response to DNA damage. Failure to mount a proper response culminates in cell death. Accordingly, PARP inhibitors are emerging as promising drugs in cancer therapy. However, the full impact of these inhibitors on immunity, including B-cell antibody production, remains elusive. Given that mice carrying dual PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency develop early embryonic lethality, we crossed PARP-1-deficient mice with mice carrying a B-cell-conditional PARP-2 gene deletion. We found that the resulting dually PARP-1 and PARP-2-deficient mice had perturbed bone-marrow B-cell development as well as profound peripheral depletion of transitional and follicular but not marginal zone B-cells. Of note, bone-marrow B-cell progenitors and peripheral mature B-cells were conserved in mice carrying either PARP-1 or PARP-2 deficiency. In dually PARP-1 and PARP-2-deficient mice, B-cell lymphopenia was associated with increased DNA damage and accentuated death in actively proliferating B-cells. Moreover, dual PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency impaired antibody responses to T-independent carbohydrate but not to T-dependent protein antigens. Notwithstanding the pivotal role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in DNA repair, combined PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency did not perturb the DNA-editing processes required for the generation of a protective antibody repertoire, including Ig V(D)J gene recombination and IgM-to-IgG class switching. These findings provide key information as to the potential impact of PARP inhibitors on humoral immunity, which will facilitate the development of safer PARP-targeting regimens against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Galindo-Campos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Bedora-Faure
- Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Immunology, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jordi Farrés
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chloé Lescale
- Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Immunology, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Moreno-Lama
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, IMIB-LAIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Coral Ampurdanés
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Aparicio
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, UMR7242-CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludovic Deriano
- Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Immunology, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Zhou L, Husted H, Moore T, Lu M, Deng D, Liu Y, Ramachandran V, Arumugam T, Niehrs C, Wang H, Chiao P, Ling J, Curran MA, Maitra A, Hung MC, Lee JE, Logsdon CD, Hwang RF. Suppression of stromal-derived Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) inhibits tumor progression and prolongs survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaat3487. [PMID: 30355799 PMCID: PMC6752716 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, and it is unclear whether its stromal infiltrate contributes to its aggressiveness. Here, we demonstrate that Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is produced by pancreatic stellate cells and is present in most human PDAC. DKK3 stimulates PDAC growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy with both paracrine and autocrine mechanisms through NF-κB activation. Genetic ablation of DKK3 in an autochthonous model of PDAC inhibited tumor growth, induced a peritumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and more than doubled survival. Treatment with a DKK3-blocking monoclonal antibody inhibited PDAC progression and chemoresistance and prolonged survival. The combination of DKK3 inhibition with immune checkpoint inhibition was more effective in reducing tumor growth than either treatment alone and resulted in a durable improvement in survival, suggesting that DKK3 neutralization may be effective as a single targeted agent or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy for PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Autocrine Communication/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neutralization Tests
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Paracrine Communication/drug effects
- Survival Analysis
- Gemcitabine
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongmei Husted
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Todd Moore
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mason Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Defeng Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vijaya Ramachandran
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thiruvengadam Arumugam
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Ling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Yoo HN, Park KH, Jung EY, Kim YM, Kook SY, Jeon SJ. Non-invasive prediction of preterm birth in women with cervical insufficiency or an asymptomatic short cervix (≤25 mm) by measurement of biomarkers in the cervicovaginal fluid. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180878. [PMID: 28700733 PMCID: PMC5507270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether various proteins in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) known to be involved in immune regulation, alone or in combination with clinical risk factors, can predict spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) in women with cervical insufficiency or a short cervix (≤25 mm). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 62 asymptomatic women with cervical insufficiency (n = 27) or an asymptomatic short cervix (n = 35) at 18-27 weeks. CVF swab samples were taken for assays of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), interleukin (IL)-8, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) before cervical examination, and maternal blood was collected for the determination of the C-reactive protein (CRP) level. The primary outcome measurement was SPTD at <32 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS The rate of SPTD at <32 weeks was 40.3% (25/62). The CVF levels of VDBP, TIMP-1, and DKK3, but not IL-8 and MMP-9, were significantly higher in the women who had SPTD at <32 weeks than in those who did not deliver spontaneously at <32 weeks. The women who had SPTD at <32 weeks had a significantly more advanced cervical dilatation at presentation and a higher level of serum CRP. Using the stepwise regression analysis, a prediction model was developed by combining various proteins in the CVF and clinical factors, resulting in the inclusion of cervical dilatation, CVF VDBP, and use of corticosteroids (area under curve, 0.909). CONCLUSIONS In women with cervical insufficiency or a short cervix, VDBP, TIMP-1, and DKK3 in the CVF may be useful as non-invasive predictors of SPTD at <32 weeks. A combination of these markers and clinical factors appears to improve the predictability of SPTD compared with the markers alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Song Yi Kook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Jeong Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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14
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Gröne EF, Federico G, Nelson PJ, Arnold B, Gröne HJ. The hormetic functions of Wnt pathways in tubular injury. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:899-906. [PMID: 28685176 PMCID: PMC5541077 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic tubulointerstitial damage with tubular epithelial atrophy and interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a predictor for progression of CKD.Several experiments have now provided evidence that the Wnt signaling pathways are significantly contributing to atrophy and fibrosis; in contrast, it also has been shown that the Wnt system fosters regenerative processes in acute tubular injury.We now have demonstrated that Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) is an agonist for canonical Wnt signaling in CKD and fosters chronic fibrosing inflammation of the tubulointerstitial compartment. Genetic- and antibody-mediated inhibition of DKK3 leads to a pronounced improvement of tubular differentiation and a reduction in fibrosis.In addition, the secreted glycoprotein DKK3 can be used as a non-invasive urinary marker for the extent of CKD in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth F Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. h.-
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15
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Li Y, Liu H, Liang Y, Peng P, Ma X, Zhang X. DKK3 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts via TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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16
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Ferluga J, Kouser L, Murugaiah V, Sim RB, Kishore U. Potential influences of complement factor H in autoimmune inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Mol Immunol 2017; 84:84-106. [PMID: 28216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement system homeostasis is important for host self-protection and anti-microbial immune surveillance, and recent research indicates roles in tissue development and remodelling. Complement also appears to have several points of interaction with the blood coagulation system. Deficiency and altered function due to gene mutations and polymorphisms in complement effectors and regulators, including Factor H, have been associated with familial and sporadic autoimmune inflammatory - thrombotic disorders, in which autoantibodies play a part. These include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome, anti-phospholipid syndrome and age-related macular degeneration. Such diseases are generally complex - multigenic and heterogeneous in their symptoms and predisposition/susceptibility. They usually need to be triggered by vascular trauma, drugs or infection and non-complement genetic factors also play a part. Underlying events seem to include decline in peripheral regulatory T cells, dendritic cell, and B cell tolerance, associated with alterations in lymphoid organ microenvironment. Factor H is an abundant protein, synthesised in many cell types, and its reported binding to many different ligands, even if not of high affinity, may influence a large number of molecular interactions, together with the accepted role of Factor H within the complement system. Factor H is involved in mesenchymal stem cell mediated tolerance and also contributes to self-tolerance by augmenting iC3b production and opsonisation of apoptotic cells for their silent dendritic cell engulfment via complement receptor CR3, which mediates anti-inflammatory-tolerogenic effects in the apoptotic cell context. There may be co-operation with other phagocytic receptors, such as complement C1q receptors, and the Tim glycoprotein family, which specifically bind phosphatidylserine expressed on the apoptotic cell surface. Factor H is able to discriminate between self and nonself surfaces for self-protection and anti-microbe defence. Factor H, particularly as an abundant platelet protein, may also modulate blood coagulation, having an anti-thrombotic role. Here, we review a number of interaction pathways in coagulation and in immunity, together with associated diseases, and indicate where Factor H may be expected to exert an influence, based on reports of the diversity of ligands for Factor H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Ferluga
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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17
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Role of Polycomb RYBP in Maintaining the B-1-to-B-2 B-Cell Lineage Switch in Adult Hematopoiesis. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:900-12. [PMID: 26711264 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00869-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb chromatin modifiers regulate hematopoietic pluripotent stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and expansion. Polycomb complex redundancy and biochemical heterogeneity complicate the unraveling of the functional contributions of distinct components. We have studied the hematopoietic activity of RYBP, a direct interactor and proposed modulator of RING1A/RING1B-dependent histone H2A monoubiquitylation (H2AUb). Using a mouse model to conditionally inactivate Rybp in adult hematopoiesis, we have found that RYBP deletion results in a reversion of B-1-to-B-2 B-cell progenitor ratios, i.e., of the innate (predominantly fetal) to acquired (mostly adult) immunity precursors. Increased numbers of B-1 progenitors correlated with a loss of pre-proB cells, the B-2 progenitors. RYBP-deficient stem and progenitor cell populations (LKS) and isolated common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) gave rise to increased numbers of B-1 progenitors in vitro. Rybp inactivation, however, did not result in changes of global H2AUb and did not interact genetically with Ring1A or Ring1B deletions. These results show that a sustained regulation of the B-1-to-B-2 switch is needed throughout adult life and that RYBP plays an important role in keeping B-2 dominance, most likely independently of its Polycomb affiliation.
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18
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Lu KH, Tounsi A, Shridhar N, Küblbeck G, Klevenz A, Prokosch S, Bald T, Tüting T, Arnold B. Dickkopf-3 Contributes to the Regulation of Anti-Tumor Immune Responses by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:645. [PMID: 26734010 PMCID: PMC4689786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to limit immune responses in vivo by multiple soluble factors. Dickkopf-3 (DKK3), a secreted glycoprotein, has recently been identified as a novel immune modulator. Since DKK3 has been reported to be produced by MSCs, we investigated whether DKK3 contributes to the immune suppression of anti-tumor responses by MSCs. Whereas wild-type MSCs inhibited immune responses against two different transplantation tumors, DKK3-deficient MSCs did not affect the rejection process. Increased CD8+ T cell and reduced M2-type macrophages infiltration was observed in tumors inoculated together with DKK3-deficient MSCs. Thus, DKK3 could alter the composition of the tumor stroma, thereby supporting the MSCs-mediated suppression of immune responses against these tumor transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hui Lu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Amel Tounsi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Naveen Shridhar
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Günter Küblbeck
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alexandra Klevenz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sandra Prokosch
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
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19
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Bruggink KA, Kuiperij HB, Gloerich J, Otte-Höller I, Rozemuller AJM, Claassen JAHR, Küsters B, Verbeek MM. Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a potential Aβ-associated protein in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1152-62. [PMID: 26119087 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the most prominent protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques. In addition, Aβ interacts with a variety of Aβ-associated proteins (AAPs), some of which can form complexes with Aβ and influence its clearance, aggregation or toxicity. Identification of novel AAPs may shed new light on the pathophysiology of AD and the metabolic fate of Aβ. In this study, we aimed to identify new AAPs by searching for proteins that may form soluble complexes with Aβ in CSF, using a proteomics approach. We identified the secreted Wnt pathway protein Dickkopf-related protein 3 (Dkk-3) as a potential Aβ-associated protein. Using immunohistochemistry on human AD brain tissue, we observed that (i) Dkk-3 co-localizes with Aβ in the brain, both in diffuse and classic plaques. (ii) Dkk-3 is expressed in neurons and in blood vessel walls in the brain and (iii) is secreted by leptomeningeal smooth muscle cells in vitro. Finally, measurements using ELISA revealed that (iv) Dkk-3 protein is abundantly present in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum, but its levels are similar in non-demented controls and patients with AD, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Our study demonstrates that Dkk-3 is a hitherto unidentified Aβ-associated protein which, given its relatively high cerebral concentrations and co-localization with Aβ, is potentially involved in AD pathology. In this study, we propose that Dickkopf-related protein-3 (Dkk-3) might be a novel Amyloid-β (Aβ) associated protein. We demonstrate that Dkk-3 is expressed in the brain, especially in vessel walls, and co-localizes with Aβ in senile plaques. Furthermore, Dkk-3 levels in cerebrospinal fluid strongly correlate with Aβ40 levels, but were not suitable to discriminate non-demented controls and patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Bruggink
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Otte-Höller
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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