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Wang X, Wu H, Fang C, Li Z. Insights into innate immune cell evasion by Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1289644. [PMID: 38333214 PMCID: PMC10850350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1289644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather than CD8+ T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that C. trachomatis faces is the innate immune response. As the "sentry" of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove C. trachomatis. Dendritic cells present antigen of C. trachomatis to the "commanders" (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body's "combat troops" and produce immunity against C. trachomatis in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of C. trachomatis. The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, C. trachomatis has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how C. trachomatis evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Mayavannan A, Shantz E, Haidl ID, Wang J, Marshall JS. Mast cells selectively produce inflammatory mediators and impact the early response to Chlamydia reproductive tract infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166068. [PMID: 37138882 PMCID: PMC10150091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that causes reproductive tract complications in women, including ectopic pregnancies and tubal factor infertility. We hypothesized that mast cells, which are common at mucosal barriers, may contribute to responses to Chlamydia infection and aimed to define human mast cell responses to C. trachomatis. Methods Human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMCs) were exposed to C. trachomatis to assess bacterial uptake, mast cell degranulation, gene expression, and production of inflammatory mediators. The role of formyl peptide receptors and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors and soluble TLR2. Mast cell-deficient mice and littermate controls were used to examine the in vivo role of mast cells in influencing the immune response to Chlamydia infection in the female reproductive tract. Results C. trachomatis bacteria were taken up by human mast cells but did not replicate efficiently inside CBMCs. C. trachomatis-activated mast cells did not degranulate but maintained viability and exhibited cellular activation with homotypic aggregation and upregulation of ICAM-1. However, they significantly enhanced the gene expression of IL1B, CCL3, NFKB1, CXCL8, and IL6. Inflammatory mediators were produced, including TNF, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, GM-CSF, IL-23, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8. Endocytic blockade resulted in reduced gene expression of IL6, IL1B, and CCL3, suggesting C. trachomatis induced mast cell activation in both extracellular and intracellular locations. The IL-6 response to C. trachomatis was reduced when CBMCs were treated with C. trachomatis coated with soluble TLR2. Mast cells derived from TLR2-deficient mice also demonstrated a reduced IL-6 response to C. muridarum. Five days following C. muridarum infection, mast cell-deficient mice showed attenuated CXCL2 production and significantly reduced numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, and B cells in the reproductive tract when compared with mast cell-containing littermates. Discussion Taken together, these data demonstrate that mast cells are reactive to Chlamydia spp. through multiple mechanisms that include TLR2-dependent pathways. Mast cells also play an important role in shaping in vivo immune responses in Chlamydia reproductive tract infection through both effector cell recruitment and modification of the chemokine microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animamalar Mayavannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily Shantz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ian D. Haidl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean S. Marshall,
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Muruganandah V, Kupz A. Immune responses to bacterial lung infections and their implications for vaccination. Int Immunol 2021; 34:231-248. [PMID: 34850883 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary immune system plays a vital role in protecting the delicate structures of gaseous exchange against invasion from bacterial pathogens. With antimicrobial resistance becoming an increasing concern, finding novel strategies to develop vaccines against bacterial lung diseases remains a top priority. In order to do so, a continued expansion of our understanding of the pulmonary immune response is warranted. Whilst some aspects are well characterised, emerging paradigms such as the importance of innate cells and inducible immune structures in mediating protection provide avenues of potential to rethink our approach to vaccine development. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of both the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in place to protect the pulmonary tissue from invading bacterial organisms. We use specific examples from several infection models and human studies to depict the varying functions of the pulmonary immune system that may be manipulated in future vaccine development. Particular emphasis has been placed on emerging themes that are less reviewed and underappreciated in vaccine development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Bini EI, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Espitia-Pinzón CI, Huerta-Yepez S, Bulfone-Paus S, Hernández-Pando R. Differential mast cell numbers and characteristics in human tuberculosis pulmonary lesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10687. [PMID: 34021178 PMCID: PMC8140073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health threat and primarily a lung disease. The innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is orchestrated by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells and apparently mast cells (MCs). MCs are located at mucosal sites including the lungs and contribute in host-defence against pathogens, but little is known about their role during Mtb infection. This study investigates the location and characteristics of MCs in TB lesions to assess their contribution to TB pathology. To this purpose, number, location and phenotype of MCs was studied in 11 necropsies of pulmonary TB and 3 necropsies of non-TB infected lungs that were used as controls. MCs were localised at pneumonic areas, in the granuloma periphery and particularly abundant in fibrotic tissue. Furthermore, MCs displayed intracellular Mtb and IL-17A and TGF-β immunostaining. These findings were validated by analysing, post-mortem lung tissue microarrays from 44 individuals with pulmonary TB and 25 control subjects. In affected lungs, increased numbers of MCs expressing intracellularly both tryptase and chymase were found at fibrotic sites. Altogether, our data suggest that MCs are recruited at the inflammatory site and that actively produce immune mediators such as proteases and TGF-β that may be contributing to late fibrosis in TB lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Magdalena Garcia-Rodriguez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón
- Departamento de Inmunologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico.
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Willows S, Kulka M. Harnessing the Power of Mast Cells in unconventional Immunotherapy Strategies and Vaccine Adjuvants. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122713. [PMID: 33352850 PMCID: PMC7766453 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are long-lived, granular, myeloid-derived leukocytes that have significant protective and repair functions in tissues. Mast cells sense disruptions in the local microenvironment and are first responders to physical, chemical and biological insults. When activated, mast cells release growth factors, proteases, chemotactic proteins and cytokines thereby mobilizing and amplifying the reactions of the innate and adaptive immune system. Mast cells are therefore significant regulators of homeostatic functions and may be essential in microenvironmental changes during pathogen invasion and disease. During infection by helminths, bacteria and viruses, mast cells release antimicrobial factors to facilitate pathogen expulsion and eradication. Mast cell-derived proteases and growth factors protect tissues from insect/snake bites and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Finally, mast cells release mediators that promote wound healing in the inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling stages. Since mast cells have such a powerful repertoire of functions, targeting mast cells may be an effective new strategy for immunotherapy of disease and design of novel vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we will examine how certain strategies that specifically target and activate mast cells can be used to treat and resolve infections, augment vaccines and heal wounds. Although these strategies may be protective in certain circumstances, mast cells activation may be deleterious if not carefully controlled and any therapeutic strategy using mast cell activators must be carefully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Willows
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada;
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-641-1687
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Opsonophagocytosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae by Human Monocytes and Neutrophils. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00087-20. [PMID: 32284372 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00087-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory tract pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae, which causes mild to severe infections, has been associated with the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. To understand the biology of C. pneumoniae infections, several studies have investigated the interaction between C. pneumoniae and professional phagocytes. However, these studies have been conducted under nonopsonizing conditions, making the role of opsonization in C. pneumoniae infections elusive. Thus, we analyzed complement and antibody opsonization of C. pneumoniae and evaluated how opsonization affects chlamydial infectivity and phagocytosis in human monocytes and neutrophils. We demonstrated that IgG antibodies and activation products of complement C3 and C4 are deposited on the surface of C. pneumoniae elementary bodies when incubated in human serum. Complement activation limits C. pneumoniae infectivity in vitro and has the potential to induce bacterial lysis by the formation of the membrane attack complex. Coculture of C. pneumoniae and freshly isolated human leukocytes showed that complement opsonization is superior to IgG opsonization for efficient opsonophagocytosis of C. pneumoniae in monocytes and neutrophils. Neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of C. pneumoniae was crucially dependent on opsonization, while monocytes retained minor phagocytic potential under nonopsonizing conditions. Complement opsonization significantly enhanced the intracellular neutralization of C. pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and neutrophils and almost abrogated the infectious potential of C. pneumoniae In conclusion, we demonstrated that complements limit C. pneumoniae infection in vitro by interfering with C. pneumoniae entry into permissive cells by direct complement-induced lysis and by tagging bacteria for efficient phagocytosis in both monocytes and neutrophils.
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Chlamydia pneumoniae Influence on Cytokine Production in Steroid-Resistant and Steroid-Sensitive Asthmatics. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020112. [PMID: 32054098 PMCID: PMC7167821 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medications for asthma management consisting of inhaled corticosteroids act by controlling symptoms. However, some patients do not respond to steroid treatment due to immunological factors at the cytokine level. Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection is strongly implicated in asthma pathogenesis, causing altered immune responses. We investigated the association of C. pneumoniae serostatus with the production of certain cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of steroid-resistant and -sensitive asthmatic patients. Our most important findings are the following: In the case of C. pneumoniae seropositive patients we detected pronounced spontaneous interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and, in the case of steroid-resistant patients, IL-10 secretion was at a significantly higher level as compared with in-sensitive patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, steroid-resistant seropositive patients produced a significantly higher level of IL-10 spontaneously and under antigen stimulation as compared with steroid-resistant seronegative individuals (p < 0.05). Concerning spontaneous TNF-α secretion by C. pneumoniae seropositive asthmatics, we observed that steroid-resistant patients produced significantly more of this cytokine than steroid-sensitive patients. In the steroid-resistant patients’ sera, a remarkably high MMP-9 concentration was associated with C. pneumoniae seronegativity. Our study revealed that the differences in the cytokine production in steroid-sensitive and -resistant asthmatic patients can be influenced by their C. pneumoniae serostatus.
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8
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Hsu CL, Chhiba KD, Krier-Burris R, Hosakoppal S, Berdnikovs S, Miller ML, Bryce PJ. Allergic inflammation is initiated by IL-33-dependent crosstalk between mast cells and basophils. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226701. [PMID: 31940364 PMCID: PMC6961911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE-primed mast cells in peripheral tissues, including the skin, lung, and intestine, are key initiators of allergen-triggered edema and inflammation. Particularly in severe forms of allergy, this inflammation becomes strongly neutrophil dominated, and yet how mast cells coordinate this type of response is unknown. We and others have reported that activated mast cells--a hematopoietic cell type--can produce IL-33, a cytokine known to participate in allergic responses but generally considered as being of epithelial origin and driving Type 2 immune responses (e.g., ILC2 and eosinophil activation). Using models of skin anaphylaxis, our data reveal that mast cell-derived IL-33 also initiates neutrophilic inflammation. We demonstrate a cellular crosstalk mechanism whereby activated mast cells crosstalk to IL-33 receptor-bearing basophils, driving these basophils to adopt a unique response signature rich in neutrophil-associated molecules. We further establish that basophil expression of CXCL1 is necessary for IgE-driven neutrophilic inflammation. Our findings thus unearth a new mechanism by which mast cells initiate local inflammation after antigen triggering and might explain the complex inflammatory phenotypes observed in severe allergic diseases. Moreover, our findings (i) establish a functional link from IL-33 to neutrophilic inflammation that extends IL-33-mediated biology well beyond that of Type 2 immunity, and (ii) demonstrate the functional importance of hematopoietic cell-derived IL-33 in allergic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Hsu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Krishan D. Chhiba
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shweta Hosakoppal
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mendy L. Miller
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Madissoon E, Wilbrey-Clark A, Miragaia RJ, Saeb-Parsy K, Mahbubani KT, Georgakopoulos N, Harding P, Polanski K, Huang N, Nowicki-Osuch K, Fitzgerald RC, Loudon KW, Ferdinand JR, Clatworthy MR, Tsingene A, van Dongen S, Dabrowska M, Patel M, Stubbington MJT, Teichmann SA, Stegle O, Meyer KB. scRNA-seq assessment of the human lung, spleen, and esophagus tissue stability after cold preservation. Genome Biol 2019; 21:1. [PMID: 31892341 PMCID: PMC6937944 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Cell Atlas is a large international collaborative effort to map all cell types of the human body. Single-cell RNA sequencing can generate high-quality data for the delivery of such an atlas. However, delays between fresh sample collection and processing may lead to poor data and difficulties in experimental design. RESULTS This study assesses the effect of cold storage on fresh healthy spleen, esophagus, and lung from ≥ 5 donors over 72 h. We collect 240,000 high-quality single-cell transcriptomes with detailed cell type annotations and whole genome sequences of donors, enabling future eQTL studies. Our data provide a valuable resource for the study of these 3 organs and will allow cross-organ comparison of cell types. We see little effect of cold ischemic time on cell yield, total number of reads per cell, and other quality control metrics in any of the tissues within the first 24 h. However, we observe a decrease in the proportions of lung T cells at 72 h, higher percentage of mitochondrial reads, and increased contamination by background ambient RNA reads in the 72-h samples in the spleen, which is cell type specific. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we present robust protocols for tissue preservation for up to 24 h prior to scRNA-seq analysis. This greatly facilitates the logistics of sample collection for Human Cell Atlas or clinical studies since it increases the time frames for sample processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD UK
| | - A. Wilbrey-Clark
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - R. J. Miragaia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - K. Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - K. T. Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - N. Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - P. Harding
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - K. Polanski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - N. Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - K. Nowicki-Osuch
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ UK
| | - R. C. Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ UK
| | - K. W. Loudon
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - J. R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - M. R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - A. Tsingene
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - S. van Dongen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - M. Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - M. Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - M. J. T. Stubbington
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
- 10x Genomics Inc., 6230 Stoneridge Mall Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA
| | - S. A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
| | - O. Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD UK
| | - K. B. Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA UK
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Liu C, Ouyang W, Xia J, Sun X, Zhao L, Xu F. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Required for Mast Cell-Mediated Host Immunity Against Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:64-74. [PMID: 29741644 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in immune process response to invading pathogens. Methods This study assessed the involvement of MCs in controlling Staphylococcus aureus infection in a cutaneous infection model of MC-deficient (KitW-sh/W-sh) mice. Results KitW-sh/W-sh mice developed significantly larger skin lesions after the cutaneous S. aureus challenge, when compared to wild-type (WT) mice, while MC dysfunction reduced the inflammation response to S. aureus. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in skin tissues were significantly decreased in KitW-sh/W-sh mice upon infection. Moreover, the exogenous administration of MCs or recombinant TNF-α effectively restored the immune response against S. aureus in KitW-sh/W-sh mice via the recruitment of neutrophils to the infected site. These results indicate that the effects of MC deficiency are largely attributed to the decrease in production of TNF-α in cutaneous S. aureus infection. In addition, S. aureus-induced MC activation was dependent on the c-kit receptor-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/P65-nuclear factor (NF-κB) pathway, which was confirmed by treatment with Masitinib (a c-kit receptor inhibitor), Wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (a NF-κB inhibitor), respectively. Conclusions The present study identifies the critical role of MCs in the host defense against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chen H, Wen Y, Li Z. Clear Victory for Chlamydia: The Subversion of Host Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1412. [PMID: 31333596 PMCID: PMC6619438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, members of the Chlamydia genera are the pivotal triggers for a wide range of infections, which can lead to blinding trachoma, pelvic inflammation, and respiratory diseases. Because of their restricted parasitism inside eukaryotic cells, the pathogens have to develop multiple strategies for adaptation with the hostile intracellular environment—intrinsically present in all host cells—to survive. The strategies that are brought into play at different stages of chlamydial development mainly involve interfering with diverse innate immune responses, such as innate immune recognition, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, as well as the manipulation of innate immune cells to serve as potential niches for chlamydial replication. This review will focus on the innate immune responses against chlamydial infection, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms used by the Chlamydia spp. to counteract host innate immune defenses. Insights into these subtle pathogenic mechanisms not only provide a rationale for the augmentation of immune responses against chlamydial infection but also open avenues for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms driving the survival of these clinically important pathogens in host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yating Wen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Yang J, Wang J, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Yan J, Sun S, He Y, Yin Y, Xu W. Mast cell degranulation impairs pneumococcus clearance in mice via IL-6 dependent and TNF-α independent mechanisms. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100028. [PMID: 31044024 PMCID: PMC6479162 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells participate in immune responses by releasing potent immune system modifiers via degranulation. Due to currently reported controversial roles of mast cells in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, this study aimed to determine the role and mechanism of mast cells in clearing S. pneumoniae in mice. Methods In vivo mouse model of mast cell degranulation established by administration of C48/80 was evaluated for the influences of mast cell degranulation on bacterial colonization and inflammation. In vitro model was established to observe the influences of mast cell degranulation on phagocytic and bactericidal functions of neutrophils and macrophages. IL-6 null and TNF-α null mice on the C57BL/6 background were used to investigate the effects of inflammatory factors released by mast cell degranulation on bacterial clearance. Results Mast cell degranulation increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels and immune cell numbers in nasal lavage fluid, and inhibited the bactericidal function of macrophages and neutrophils in vitro. It decreased the number of neutrophils and macrophages recruited to respiratory tract after S. pneumoniae challenge and inhibited the clearance of S. pneumoniae in mice. After pretreatment with C48/80, S. pneumoniae loads were significantly lower in IL-6 null mice than in wild type mice, while no differences were observed between TNF-α null and wild type mice. Conclusions Mast cell degranulation can cause inflammation and impair immune cell recruitment to respiratory tract after S. pneumoniae challenge. Products of mast cell degranulation including IL-6 decreased the bactericidal function of neutrophils and macrophages. Through these mechanisms, mast cell degranulation inhibited clearance of S. pneumoniae in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Hospital for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujuan He
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Xie Y, Zhang H, Liu S, Chen G, He S, Li Z, Wang L. Mast Cell Activation Protects Cornea by Promoting Neutrophil Infiltration via Stimulating ICAM-1 and Vascular Dilation in Fungal Keratitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8365. [PMID: 29849098 PMCID: PMC5976763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells (MCs) in fungal infection is largely unknown. This study was to explore a protective role and mechanism of MCs in fungal keratitis. Experimental fungal keratitis (FK) mouse model was developed. Mice untreated (UT) or receiving corneal wound without fungal infection (Mock) were used as controls. Large number of connective tissue MCs was found in normal mice. MC activation with degranulation was largely observed, and the percentage of degranulated/total cells was high in FK. Dilated limbal vasculature with increased permeability, as well as largely infiltrated neutrophils with stimulated ICAM-1 protein levels were observed in corneas of FK mice, when compared with Mock and UT mice. Interestingly, pretreatment with cromolyn sodium (Block) significantly blocked MC degranulation, dramatically suppressed vascular dilation and permeability, and markedly reduced neutrophil infiltration with lower ICAM-1 levels in FK mice at 6-24 hours. Furthermore, the Block mice manifested prolonged disease course, increased pathological damage, and vigorous fungus growth, with much higher corneal perforation rate than FK mice at 72 h. These findings reveal a novel phenomenon that MCs play a vital role in protecting cornea against fungal infection through degranulation that promotes neutrophil infiltration via stimulating ICAM-1 production and limbal vascular dilation and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Chen
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Wang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Campillo-Navarro M, Leyva-Paredes K, Donis-Maturano L, Rodríguez-López GM, Soria-Castro R, García-Pérez BE, Puebla-Osorio N, Ullrich SE, Luna-Herrera J, Flores-Romo L, Sumano-López H, Pérez-Tapia SM, Estrada-Parra S, Estrada-García I, Chacón-Salinas R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Catalase Inhibits the Formation of Mast Cell Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1161. [PMID: 29892297 PMCID: PMC5985745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs different strategies to evade and counterattack immune responses persisting for years. Mast cells are crucial during innate immune responses and help clear infections via inflammation or by direct antibacterial activity through extracellular traps (MCETs). Whether Mtb induce MCETs production is unknown. In this study, we report that viable Mtb did not induce DNA release by mast cells, but heat-killed Mtb (HK-Mtb) did. DNA released by mast cells after stimulation with HK-Mtb was complexed with histone and tryptase. MCETs induced with PMA and HK-Mtb were unable to kill live Mtb bacilli. Mast cells stimulated with HK-Mtb induced hydrogen peroxide production, whereas cells stimulated with viable Mtb did not. Moreover, MCETs induction by HK-Mtb was dependent of NADPH oxidase activity, because its blockade resulted in a diminished DNA release by mast cells. Interestingly, catalase-deficient Mtb induced a significant production of hydrogen peroxide and DNA release by mast cells, indicating that catalase produced by Mtb prevents MCETs release by degrading hydrogen peroxide. Our findings show a new strategy employed by Mtb to overcome the immune response through inhibiting MCETs formation, which could be relevant during early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Campillo-Navarro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Kahiry Leyva-Paredes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Gloria M Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Nahum Puebla-Osorio
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology, The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biological Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julieta Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Sumano-López
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México City, Mexico
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15
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Dey R, Joshi AB, Oliveira F, Pereira L, Guimarães-Costa AB, Serafim TD, de Castro W, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Bhattacharya P, Townsend S, Aslan H, Perkins A, Karmakar S, Ismail N, Karetnick M, Meneses C, Duncan R, Nakhasi HL, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S. Gut Microbes Egested during Bites of Infected Sand Flies Augment Severity of Leishmaniasis via Inflammasome-Derived IL-1β. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 23:134-143.e6. [PMID: 29290574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani parasites are the cause of visceral leishmaniasis and are transmitted by bites from phlebotomine sand flies. A prominent feature of vector-transmitted Leishmania is the persistence of neutrophils at bite sites, where they protect captured parasites, leading to enhanced disease. Here, we demonstrate that gut microbes from the sand fly are egested into host skin alongside Leishmania parasites. The egested microbes trigger the inflammasome, leading to a rapid production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which sustains neutrophil infiltration. Reducing midgut microbiota by pretreatment of Leishmania-infected sand flies with antibiotics or neutralizing the effect of IL-1β in bitten mice abrogates neutrophil recruitment. These early events are associated with impairment of parasite visceralization, indicating that both gut microbiota and IL-1β are important for the establishment of Leishmania infections. Considering that arthropods harbor a rich microbiota, its potential egestion after bites may be a shared mechanism that contributes to severity of vector-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadhir Dey
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Amritanshu B Joshi
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Lais Pereira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anderson B Guimarães-Costa
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Tiago D Serafim
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Waldionê de Castro
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Shannon Townsend
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Hamide Aslan
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Alec Perkins
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Nevien Ismail
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Morgan Karetnick
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Robert Duncan
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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16
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Conti P, Carinci F, Caraffa A, Ronconi G, Lessiani G, Theoharides TC. Link between mast cells and bacteria: Antimicrobial defense, function and regulation by cytokines. Med Hypotheses 2017; 106:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Chronic bacterial infection is implicated in both the development and severity of asthma. The atypical bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae have been identified in the airways of asthmatics and correlated with clinical features such as adult onset, exacerbation risks, steroid sensitivity, and symptom control. Asthmatic patients with evidence of bacterial infection may benefit from antibiotic treatment directed towards these atypical organisms. Examination of the airway microbiome may identify microbial communities that confer risk for or protection from severe asthma.
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18
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Fang Y, Xiang Z. Roles and relevance of mast cells in infection and vaccination. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:253-63. [PMID: 26565602 PMCID: PMC4946316 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their well-established role in allergy mast cells have been described as contributing to functional regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in host defense. Mast cells are of hematopoietic origin but typically complete their differentiation in tissues where they express immune regulatory functions by releasing diverse mediators and cytokines. Mast cells are abundant at mucosal tissues which are portals of entry for common infectious agents in addition to allergens. Here, we review the current understanding of the participation of mast cells in defense against infection. We also discuss possibilities of exploiting mast cell activation to provide adequate adjuvant activity that is needed in high-quality vaccination against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Research Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
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