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Casselli T, Tourand Y, Gura K, Stevenson B, Zückert WR, Brissette CA. Endogenous Linear Plasmids lp28-4 and lp25 Are Required for Infectivity and Restriction Protection in the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia mayonii. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006123. [PMID: 36853005 PMCID: PMC10016076 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00061-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Borrelia mayonii is a newly recognized causative agent of Lyme disease in the Upper Midwestern United States, with distinct clinical presentations compared to classical Lyme disease caused by other Lyme Borrelia species. However, little is known about the B. mayonii genetic determinants required for establishing infection or perpetuating disease in mammals. Extrachromosomal plasmids in Borrelia species often encode proteins necessary for infection and pathogenesis, and spontaneous loss of these plasmids can lead to the identification of virulence determinant genes. Here, we describe infection of Lyme disease-susceptible C3H mice with B. mayonii, and show bacterial dissemination and persistence in peripheral tissues. Loss of endogenous plasmids, including lp28-4, lp25, and lp36 correlated with reduced infectivity in mice. The apparent requirement for lp28-4 during murine infection suggests the presence of a novel virulence determinant, as this plasmid does not encode homologs of any known virulence determinant. We also describe transformation and stable maintenance of a self-replicating shuttle vector in B. mayonii, and show that loss of either lp25 or lp28-4 correlated with increased transformation competency. Finally, we demonstrate that linear plasmids lp25 and lp28-4 each encode functional restriction modification systems with distinct but partially overlapping target modification sequences, which likely accounts for the observed decrease in transformation efficiency when those plasmids are present. Taken together, this study describes a role for endogenous plasmids in mammalian infection and restriction protection in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia mayonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Casselli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yvonne Tourand
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Gura
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brian Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Wolfram R. Zückert
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Catherine A. Brissette
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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2
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Meng Q, Wu M, Shang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang R. Responsive gadolinium(III) complex-based small molecule magnetic resonance imaging probes: Design, mechanism and application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Li J, Ma Y, Paquette JK, Richards AC, Mulvey MA, Zachary JF, Teuscher C, Weis JJ. The Cdkn2a gene product p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF) is a critical regulator of IFNβ-mediated Lyme arthritis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010365. [PMID: 35324997 PMCID: PMC8946740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) has been identified in patients with Lyme disease, and its abundant expression in joint tissues of C3H mice precedes development of Lyme arthritis. Forward genetics using C3H mice with severe Lyme arthritis and C57BL/6 (B6) mice with mild Lyme arthritis identified the Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis-associated locus 1 (Bbaa1) on chromosome 4 (Chr4) as a regulator of B. burgdorferi-induced IFNβ expression and Lyme arthritis severity. B6 mice introgressed with the C3H allele for Bbaa1 (B6.C3-Bbaa1 mice) displayed increased severity of arthritis, which is initiated by myeloid lineage cells in joints. Using advanced congenic lines, the physical size of the Bbaa1 interval has been reduced to 2 Mbp, allowing for identification of potential genetic regulators. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing identified Cdkn2a as the gene responsible for Bbaa1 allele-regulated induction of IFNβ and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The Cdkn2a-encoded p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF) protein regulates IFNβ induction in BMDMs as shown by siRNA silencing and overexpression of ARF. In vivo studies demonstrated that p19ARF contributes to joint-specific induction of IFNβ and arthritis severity in B. burgdorferi-infected mice. p19ARF regulates B. burgdorferi-induced IFNβ in BMDMs by stabilizing the tumor suppressor p53 and sequestering the transcriptional repressor BCL6. Our findings link p19ARF regulation of p53 and BCL6 to the severity of IFNβ-induced Lyme arthritis in vivo and indicate potential novel roles for p19ARF, p53, and BCL6 in Lyme disease and other IFN hyperproduction syndromes. Lyme disease is caused by infection with the tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Although different isolates of B. burgdorferi have distinct potential for dissemination and tissue invasion, factors intrinsic to the infected host also play an important role in directing the severity of Lyme disease. In the animal model, infected C3H mice develop severe Lyme arthritis following elevation of type I IFN in joint tissue, while in C57BL/6 (B6) mice arthritis is mild and not associated with type I IFN. We demonstrated that the Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis-associated locus 1 (Bbaa1) on chromosome 4 (Chr4) intrinsically controls the magnitude of IFNβ production and the severity of Lyme arthritis in C3H vs B6 mice. The Cdkn2a gene was positionally identified as the regulator of IFNβ within Bbaa1, and determined to function through its protein product p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF). ARF regulates IFNβ expression and Lyme arthritis severity by modulating the activities of the tumor suppressor p53 and transcriptional repressor BCL6. Our study provides new insight and potential therapeutic targets for the investigation of type I IFN-dependent Lyme arthritis and other IFN-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jackie K. Paquette
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - James F. Zachary
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Janis J. Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Lyme arthritis: linking infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:449-461. [PMID: 34226730 PMCID: PMC9488587 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents can trigger autoimmune responses in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. Lyme arthritis, which is caused by the tick-transmitted spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi, is effectively treated in most patients with antibiotic therapy; however, in a subset of patients, arthritis can persist and worsen after the spirochaete has been killed (known as post-infectious Lyme arthritis). This Review details the current understanding of the pathogenetic events in Lyme arthritis, from initial infection in the skin, through infection of the joints, to post-infectious chronic inflammatory arthritis. The central feature of post-infectious Lyme arthritis is an excessive, dysregulated pro-inflammatory immune response during the infection phase that persists into the post-infectious period. This response is characterized by high amounts of IFNγ and inadequate amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The consequences of this dysregulated pro-inflammatory response in the synovium include impaired tissue repair, vascular damage, autoimmune and cytotoxic processes, and fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis. These synovial characteristics are similar to those in other chronic inflammatory arthritides, including rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, post-infectious Lyme arthritis provides a model for other chronic autoimmune or autoinflammatory arthritides in which complex immune responses can be triggered and shaped by an infectious agent in concert with host genetic factors.
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5
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Cheng J, Li X. Development and Application of Activity-based Fluorescent Probes for High-Throughput Screening. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1739-1756. [PMID: 34036907 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210525141728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening facilitates the rapid identification of novel hit compounds; however, it remains challenging to design effective high-throughput assays, partially due to the difficulty of achieving sensitivity in the assay techniques. Among the various analytical methods that are used, fluorescence-based assays dominate owing to their high sensitivity and ease of operation. Recent advances in activity-based sensing/imaging have further expanded the availability of fluorescent probes as monitors for high-throughput screening of result outputs. In this study, we have reviewed various activity-based fluorescent probes used in high-throughput screening assays, emphasizing their structure-related working mechanisms. Moreover, we have explored the possibility of the development of additional and better probes to boost hit identification and drug development against various targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Chen Y. Recent progress in natural product-based inhibitor screening with enzymatic fluorescent probes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1778-1787. [PMID: 33885636 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a complex process in which many challenges need to be overcome, from the discovery of a drug candidate to ensuring the efficacy and safety of the candidate in humans. Modern analytical methods allow tens of thousands of drug candidates to be screened for their inhibition of specific enzymes or receptors. In recent years, fluorescent probes have been used for the detection and diagnosis of human pathogens as well as high-throughput screening. This review focuses on recent progress in organic small-molecule based enzyme-activated fluorescent probes for screening of inhibitors from natural products. The contents include the construction of fluorescent probes, working mechanism and the process of inhibitor screening. The progress suggests that fluorescent probes are a vital and rapidly growing technology for inhibitor screening of enzymes, in particular, inhibitor screening in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Liu M, Yu J, Lv B, Hou Y, Liu X, Feng X, Li C. Improving the activity and thermostability of GH2 β-glucuronidases via domain reassembly. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1962-1972. [PMID: 33559890 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2) enzymes are generally composed of three domains: TIM-barrel domain (TIM), immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich domain (ISD), and sugar-binding domain (SBD). The combination of these three domains yields multiple structural combinations with different properties. Theoretically, the drawbacks of a given GH2 fold may be circumvented by efficiently reassembling the three domains. However, very few successful cases have been reported. In this study, we used six GH2 β-glucuronidases (GUSs) from bacteria, fungi, or humans as model enzymes and constructed a series of mutants by reassembling the domains from different GUSs. The mutants PGUS-At, GUS-PAA, and GUS-PAP, with reassembled domains from fungal GUSs, showed improved expression levels, activity, and thermostability, respectively. Specifically, compared to the parental enzyme, the mutant PGUS-At displayed 3.8 times higher expression, the mutant GUS-PAA displayed 1.0 time higher catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km ), and the mutant GUS-PAP displayed 7.5 times higher thermostability at 65°C. Furthermore, two-hybrid mutants, GUS-AEA and GUS-PEP, were constructed with the ISD from a bacterial GUS and SBD and TIM domain from fungal GUSs. GUS-AEA and GUS-PEP showed 30.4% and 23.0% higher thermostability than GUS-PAP, respectively. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to uncover the molecular reasons for the increased thermostability of the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China.,Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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8
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Louis C, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Yang Y, D'Silva D, Kratina T, Dagley L, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Rautela J, Masters SL, Davis MJ, Babon JJ, Ciric B, Vivier E, Alexander WS, Huntington ND, Wicks IP. NK cell-derived GM-CSF potentiates inflammatory arthritis and is negatively regulated by CIS. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133838. [PMID: 32097462 PMCID: PMC7201918 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition of the importance of GM-CSF in autoimmune disease, it remains unclear how GM-CSF is regulated at sites of tissue inflammation. Using GM-CSF fate reporter mice, we show that synovial NK cells produce GM-CSF in autoantibody-mediated inflammatory arthritis. Synovial NK cells promote a neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and persistent arthritis, via GM-CSF production, as deletion of NK cells, or specific ablation of GM-CSF production in NK cells, abrogated disease. Synovial NK cell production of GM-CSF is IL-18–dependent. Furthermore, we show that cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) is crucial in limiting GM-CSF signaling not only during inflammatory arthritis but also in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, a cellular cascade of synovial macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils mediates persistent joint inflammation via production of IL-18 and GM-CSF. Endogenous CIS provides a key brake on signaling through the GM-CSF receptor. These findings shed new light on GM-CSF biology in sterile tissue inflammation and identify several potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Damian D'Silva
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tobias Kratina
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laura Dagley
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Seth Lucian Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Marseille Immunopole, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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9
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Feng L, Yang Y, Huo X, Tian X, Feng Y, Yuan H, Zhao L, Wang C, Chu P, Long F, Wang W, Ma X. Highly Selective NIR Probe for Intestinal β-Glucuronidase and High-Throughput Screening Inhibitors to Therapy Intestinal Damage. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1727-1734. [PMID: 30149692 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GLU) as a vital factor in enterohepatic circulation and drug-inducing enteropathy has been given more and more attention in recent years. In this study, an off-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DDAO-glu) for selectively and sensitively sensing GLU was developed on the basis of its substrate preference. DDAO-glu can rapidly and selectively respond to bacterial GLU under physiological conditions for detecting the real-time intestinal GLU bioactivity of complex biological systems such as human feces in clinic. Meantime, DDAO-glu has been successfully applied for visualization of endogenous GLU in bacterial biofilm, thallus, and even in vivo. Using this NIR probe, we successfully visualized the real distribution of intestinal GLU in the enterohepatic circulation. Furthermore, a high-throughput screening method was successfully established by our probe, and a potent natural inhibitor of GLU was identified as (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) for effectively preventing NSAIDs-inducing enteropathy in vivo. DDAO-glu could serve as a powerful tool for exploring real physical functions of intestinal GLU in enterohepatic circulation, under physiological and pathological contexts, and developing the novel inhibitors of GLU to therapy acute drug-inducing enteropathy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- Bio/Medical Experiment Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feida Long
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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10
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Duarte S, Matian P, Ma S, Busuttil RW, Coito AJ. Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Impairs Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1820-1832. [PMID: 29870740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is abundantly expressed by infiltrating leukocytes and contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). On the other hand, its physiological inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), is available in insufficient levels to hamper MMP-9 activity during hepatic IRI. In this study, we generated recombinant adeno-associated virus type 8 vectors (rAAV8) encoding mouse TIMP-1 driven by a liver-specific thyroxine-binding globulin promoter as a strategy to increase the levels of TIMP-1 during liver IRI. Biodistribution analysis confirmed selective overexpression of TIMP-1 in livers of rAAV8-TIMP-1 vector treated C57BL/6 mice. rAAV8-TIMP-1-treated mice showed reduced MMP-9 activity, diminished leukocyte trafficking and activation, lowered transaminase levels, and improved histology after liver IRI. Moreover, the rAAV8-TIMP-1 vector therapy enhanced significantly the 7-day survival rate of TIMP-1-/- mice subjected to hepatic IRI. Neutrophils are the first cells recruited to inflamed tissues and, once activated, they release nuclear DNA-forming web-like structures, known as neutrophil extracellular traps. It was found that TIMP-1 has the ability to reduce formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and, consequently, limit the impact of neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated cytotoxicity in hepatic IRI. This is the first report demonstrating that TIMP-1 overexpression is hepatoprotective in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Hence, TIMP-1 may represent a promising molecule for drug development to treat liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Matian
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stacy Ma
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana J Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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11
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Lochhead RB, Strle K, Kim ND, Kohler MJ, Arvikar SL, Aversa JM, Steere AC. MicroRNA Expression Shows Inflammatory Dysregulation and Tumor-Like Proliferative Responses in Joints of Patients With Postinfectious Lyme Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1100-1110. [PMID: 28076897 DOI: 10.1002/art.40039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lyme arthritis (LA) is caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and usually resolves following spirochetal killing with antibiotics. However, in some patients, arthritis persists after antibiotic therapy. To provide insights into underlying pathogenic processes associated with antibiotic-refractory LA (postinfectious LA), we analyzed differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression between LA patients with active infection and those with postinfectious LA. METHODS MicroRNA expression was assayed in synovial fluid (SF) from LA patients before and after oral and intravenous antibiotic therapy, and in synovial tissue obtained months after antibiotic therapy from patients with postinfectious LA. SF and tissue from patients with other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis, were used for comparison. RESULTS SF from LA patients during active infection had marked elevations of white blood cells, particularly polymorphonuclear leukocytes, accompanied by elevated levels of microRNA-223 (miR-223). In contrast, SF from postantibiotic LA patients contained greater percentages of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells. SF from postantibiotic LA patients also exhibited marked inflammatory (miR-146a, miR-155), wound repair (miR-142), and proliferative (miR-17-92) miRNA signatures, and higher levels of these miRNAs correlated with longer arthritis duration. Levels of miR-146a, miR-155, miR-142, miR-223, and miR-17-92 were also elevated in synovial tissue in late postinfectious LA, and levels of let-7a were reduced, similar to RA. CONCLUSION During active infection, miRNA expression in SF reflected an immune response associated with bacterial killing, while in postinfectious LA, miRNA expression in SF and synovial tissue reflected chronic inflammation, synovial proliferation, and breakdown of wound repair processes, showing that the nature of the arthritis was altered after spirochetal killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Lochhead
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klemen Strle
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy D Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Minna J Kohler
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheila L Arvikar
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Aversa
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allen C Steere
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Hyde JA. Borrelia burgdorferi Keeps Moving and Carries on: A Review of Borrelial Dissemination and Invasion. Front Immunol 2017; 8:114. [PMID: 28270812 PMCID: PMC5318424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic, multistage, inflammatory infection resulting in patients experiencing cardiac, neurological, and arthritic complications when not treated with antibiotics shortly after exposure. The spirochetal bacterium transmits through the Ixodes vector colonizing the dermis of a mammalian host prior to hematogenous dissemination and invasion of distal tissues all the while combating the immune response as it traverses through its pathogenic lifecycle. The innate immune response controls the borrelial burden in the dermis, but is unable to clear the infection and thereby prevent progression of disease. Dissemination in the mammalian host requires temporal regulation of virulence determinants to allow for vascular interactions, invasion, and colonization of distal tissues. Virulence determinants and/or adhesins are highly heterogenetic among environmental B. burgdorferi strains with particular genotypes being associated with the ability to disseminate to specific tissues and the severity of disease, but fail to generate cross-protective immunity between borrelial strains. The unique motility of B. burgdorferi rendered by the endoflagella serves a vital function for dissemination and protection from immune recognition. Progress has been made toward understanding the chemotactic regulation coordinating the activity of the two polar localized flagellar motors and their role in borrelial virulence, but this regulation is not yet fully understood. Distinct states of motility allow for dynamic interactions between several B. burgdorferi adhesins and host targets that play roles in transendothelial migration. Transmigration across endothelial and blood-brain barriers allows for the invasion of tissues and elicits localized immune responses. The invasive nature of B. burgdorferi is lacking in proactive mechanisms to modulate disease, such as secretion systems and toxins, but recent work has shown degradation of host extracellular matrices by B. burgdorferi contributes to the invasive capabilities of the pathogen. Additionally, B. burgdorferi may use invasion of eukaryotic cells for immune evasion and protection against environmental stresses. This review provides an overview of B. burgdorferi mechanisms for dissemination and invasion in the mammalian host, which are essential for pathogenesis and the development of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Hyde
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center , Bryan, TX , USA
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