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Mencacci A, Cenci E, Sero GD, Fé d’Ostiani C, Mosci P, Trinchieri G, Adorini L, Romani L. IL-10 Is Required for Development of Protective Th1 Responses in IL-12-Deficient Mice upon Candida albicans Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.11.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12 is both required and prognostic for Th1 development in mice with Candida albicans infection. To delineate further the physiologic role of IL-12 in antifungal immunity, mice deficient for this cytokine were assessed for susceptibility to C. albicans infections, and for parameters of innate and adaptive immunity. IL-12-deficient mice were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection or to reinfection and showed elevated production of Candida-specific IgE and IL-4 and defective production of IFN-γ. The failure to mount protective Th1 responses occurred despite the presence of an unimpaired innate antifungal immune response, which correlated with unaltered IFN-γ production, but defective production of, and responsiveness to, inhibitory IL-10. IL-10 or IL-12 neutralization increased the innate antifungal resistance in wild-type mice. However, in IL-12-deficient mice, treatment with exogenous IL-12 or IL-10 impaired IL-4 production and increased resistance to infection, through a negative effect on the CTLA-4/B7-2 costimulatory pathway. These results confirm the obligatory role of IL-12 in the induction of anticandidal Th1 responses, and indicate the existence of a positive regulatory loop between IL-12 and IL-10 that may adversely affect the innate antifungal response, but is required for optimal costimulation of IL-12-dependent CD4+Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mencacci
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elio Cenci
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Del Sero
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiana Fé d’Ostiani
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Mosci
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigina Romani
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Lavigne LM, Schopf LR, Chung CL, Maylor R, Sypek JP. The Role of Recombinant Murine IL-12 and IFN-γ in the Pathogenesis of a Murine Systemic Candida albicans Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies on murine candidiasis suggest that resistance to disease is linked to a Th1 response and production of IFN-γ, while failure to elicit protection is associated with a Th2 response and production of IL-4 and IL-10. Experimental infection of C57BL/6 mice, IL-12 treatment of these mice, or both infection and IL-12 treatment resulted in a characteristic Th1 cytokine mRNA profile as measured by quantitative competitive PCR. Specifically, little or no IL-4 transcripts were detected, while IFN-γ message was elevated, particularly with IL-12 treatment. Despite its role in driving increased IFN-γ expression and production, IL-12 treatment, paradoxically, promoted disease progression in our model. Therefore, we examined the effect of IFN-γ neutralization on IL-12-induced susceptibility to infection. None of the systemically infected mice receiving IL-12 alone survived, while IL-12- and anti-IFN-γ-treated mice had a 70% survival rate, similar to that after infection alone. These results suggested that IFN-γ induced by IL-12 treatment contributed to lethality. However, in separate studies, IFN-γ knockout mice were more susceptible to infection than their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that IFN-γ is required for resistance. Nonetheless, infected IFN-γ knockout mice treated with recombinant murine IL-12 exhibited enhanced resistance, suggesting that the toxicities observed with IL-12 are directly attributable to IFN-γ and that an optimal immune response to Candida infections necessitates a finely tuned balance of IFN-γ production. Thus, we propose that although IFN-γ can drive resistance, the overproduction of IFN-γ during candidiasis, mediated by IL-12 administration, leads to enhanced susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz M. Lavigne
- Department of Preclinical Research and Development, Genetics Institute, Inc., Andover, MA 01810
| | - Lisa R. Schopf
- Department of Preclinical Research and Development, Genetics Institute, Inc., Andover, MA 01810
| | - Charles L. Chung
- Department of Preclinical Research and Development, Genetics Institute, Inc., Andover, MA 01810
| | - Rich Maylor
- Department of Preclinical Research and Development, Genetics Institute, Inc., Andover, MA 01810
| | - Joseph P. Sypek
- Department of Preclinical Research and Development, Genetics Institute, Inc., Andover, MA 01810
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