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Rollo EE, Kumar KP, Reich NC, Cohen J, Angel J, Greenberg HB, Sheth R, Anderson J, Oh B, Hempson SJ, Mackow ER, Shaw RD. The Epithelial Cell Response to Rotavirus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.8.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most important worldwide cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Intestinal epithelial cells are the principal targets of rotavirus infection, but the response of enterocytes to rotavirus infection is largely unknown. We determined that rotavirus infection of HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells results in prompt activation of NF-κB (<2 h), STAT1, and ISG F3 (3 h). Genetically inactivated rotavirus and virus-like particles assembled from baculovirus-expressed viral proteins also activated NF-κB. Rotavirus infection of HT-29 cells induced mRNA for several C-C and C-X-C chemokines as well as IFNs and GM-CSF. Mice infected with simian rotavirus or murine rotavirus responded similarly with the enhanced expression of a profile of C-C and C-X-C chemokines. The rotavirus-stimulated increase in chemokine mRNA was undiminished in mice lacking mast cells or lymphocytes. Rotavirus induced chemokines only in mice <15 days of age despite documented infection in older mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β and IFN-stimulated protein 10 mRNA responses occurred, but were reduced in p50−/− mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β expression during rotavirus infection localized to the intestinal epithelial cell in murine intestine. These results show that the intestinal epithelial cell is an active component of the host response to rotavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Rollo
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - K. Prasanna Kumar
- †Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Nancy C. Reich
- †Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Jean Cohen
- ‡Laboratoire de Virologie et d’Immunologie Moleculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, C. R. J. Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France; and
| | | | - Harry B. Greenberg
- §Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Riten Sheth
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - Joseph Anderson
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - Brian Oh
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - Scott J. Hempson
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - Erich R. Mackow
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
| | - Robert D. Shaw
- *Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768
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Thomas LH, Friedland JS, Sharland M, Becker S. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced RANTES Production from Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Dependent on Nuclear Factor-κB Nuclear Binding and Is Inhibited by Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Inhibitor of κBα. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.2.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness, the severity of which may be partly due to cellular recruitment. RSV infection activates chemokine secretion from airway epithelial cells by largely unknown mechanisms. We investigated the regulation of RSV-induced activation of the chemokine RANTES in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cultures. RANTES protein and mRNA were detected at 24 h and up until 72 h from cultures of BEAS-2B infected with replicating virus, but not with UV-inactivated RSV. RSV infection of BEAS-2B or normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells stimulated NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and binding to the RANTES-specific κB-binding sequences within 2 h, with levels peaking at 24 h. Supershift assays indicated that binding was due to p50/p65 heterodimers. BEAS-2B cells were transfected with a replication-deficient adenoviral vector, expressing a mutated, nondegradable form of IκBα. IκBα overexpression specifically blocked NF-κB translocation and inhibited mRNA accumulation and secretion of RANTES induced by RSV or TNF-α plus IFN-γ. Adenoviral transfection did not interfere with RSV replication or significantly induce apoptosis. Further, a control adenovirus, expressing the β-galactosidase gene, did not alter cellular functions. Thus, NF-κB nuclear translocation is a critical step in RSV induction of RANTES secretion. Elucidating the mechanisms of cellular activation by RSV and targeting specific areas may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. H. Thomas
- *Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine (Hammersmith Campus), and
| | - J. S. Friedland
- *Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine (Hammersmith Campus), and
| | - M. Sharland
- †Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - S. Becker
- ‡Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
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