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Fiske BE, Wemlinger SM, Crute BW, Getahun A. The Src-family kinase Lyn plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining B cell anergy by suppressing PI3K-dependent signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595208. [PMID: 38826354 PMCID: PMC11142063 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the Src family kinase (SFK) Lyn is known to be involved in induction and maintenance of peripheral B cell tolerance, the molecular basis of its action in this context remains unclear. This question has been approached using conventional as well as B cell-targeted knockouts of Lyn, with varied conclusions likely confused by collateral loss of Lyn functions in B cell and myeloid cell development and activation. Here we utilized a system in which Lyn gene deletion is tamoxifen inducible and B cell restricted. This system allows acute elimination of Lyn in B cells without off-target effects. This genetic tool was employed in conjunction with immunoglobulin transgenic mice in which peripheral B cells are autoreactive. DNA reactive Ars/A1 B cells require continuous inhibitory signaling, mediated by the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, to maintain an unresponsive (anergic) state. Here we show that Ars/A1 B cells require Lyn to establish and maintain B cell unresponsiveness. Lyn primarily functions by restricting PI3K-dependent signaling pathways. This Lyn-dependent mechanism complements the impact of reduced mIgM BCR expression to restrict BCR signaling in Ars/A1 B cells. Our findings suggest that a subset of autoreactive B cells requires Lyn to become anergic and that the autoimmunity associated with dysregulated Lyn function may, in part, be due to an inability of these autoreactive B cells to become tolerized.
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2
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Xu N, Lai C, He QM, Cai Y, Yu H, Zhong W, Chen S, Wu FC, Chen H. Integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses of esophageal cancer cells with different invasive abilities. Life Sci 2023; 332:122078. [PMID: 37734435 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the aggressive and lethal malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. It is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of ESCC invasion. MAIN METHODS We utilized high-throughput mass spectrometry to analyze the proteomes and phosphorylation profiles of two ESCC cell lines with differing invasion capacities (HK vs TE10). Differentially expressed proteins and phosphorites were identified, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analyses encompassing function and pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, hub gene identification, co-expression analysis, kinase-substrate prediction, and drug-target network analysis. CCK-8 assay, transwell examination, wound-healing assay, and western blot was used to validate the effects of fostamatinib on ESCC cells proliferation, invasion, migration, and LYN expression. KEY FINDINGS The Q4 cluster of differentially phosphorylated proteins was primarily associated with functions and pathways relevant to tumor metastasis. Phosphorylated hub proteins including ARHGAP35, CTNNA1, and SHC1 were identified through the analysis of PPI network, and their respective regulated kinases were predicted. Among the predicted kinases, LYN was validated to be associated with lymph node metastasis (N0 vs. N1-3) and prognosis in ESCC patients at mRNA levels using TGGA data and protein levels in ESCC tissues (p < 0.05). Validation experiments confirmed the inhibitory effects of fostamatinib on ESCC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and LYN expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our multi-omics analysis offers deeper perspectives on ESCC invasiveness and unveils new phosphorylated hub proteins with their regulatory kinase. This study also suggests that fostamatinib may be a potential agent for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Changchun Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Mei He
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yubo Cai
- Department of Pathology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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3
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Wu J, Nie Y, Wang J, Feng G, Hao L, Ma Y, Li Y, Liu Z. Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway was involved in phagocytosis of mIgM + B lymphocytes from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:128-140. [PMID: 36222291 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential for phagocytosis has been proven in teleost B cells, but the research on the regulatory mechanism of phagocytosis remains lacking. In this study, three largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (15 ± 5 g) were injected intraperitoneally with Nocardia seriolae (105 CFU/100 μl/fish) in vivo, and their spleen was collected at 72 h post-infection for mRNA-seq. After the de novo assembly of the paired-end reads, 73,622 unigenes were obtained. Gene expression profiling revealed that 2043 unigenes were differentially expressed after N. seriolae infection, comprising 1285 upregulated and 758 downregulated unigenes (q-value <0.05, log2FC > |2|) of which 181 genes were involved in phagocytosis. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that 12 differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with phagocytosis were enriched in the Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis signalling pathway. In vitro, the phagocytic ability of mIgM+ B lymphocytes was validated using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and fluorescence activating cell sorter (FACS), and the phagocytosis rates of the mIgM+ B lymphocytes incubated with a Lyn inhibitor had decreased from 18.533 ± 6.00% to 11.610 ± 4.236% compared with the unblocked group. These results suggested that the Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis signalling pathway had participated in the phagocytosis of B cells and provide further insight into the role of B cells in innate immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Nie
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS, China
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4
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Getahun A. Role of inhibitory signaling in peripheral B cell tolerance*. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:27-42. [PMID: 35128676 PMCID: PMC8986582 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At least 20% of B cells in the periphery expresses an antigen receptor with a degree of self-reactivity. If activated, these autoreactive B cells pose a risk as they can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. To prevent their activation, both B cell-intrinsic and extrinsic tolerance mechanisms are in place in healthy individuals. In this review article, I will focus on B cell-intrinsic mechanisms that prevent the activation of autoreactive B cells in the periphery. I will discuss how inhibitory signaling circuits are established in autoreactive B cells, focusing on the Lyn-SHIP-1-SHP-1 axis, how they contribute to peripheral immune tolerance, and how disruptions of these circuits can contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado SOM Aurora Colorado USA
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine National Jewish Health Denver Colorado USA
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5
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Sheng L, Cao X, Chi S, Wu J, Xing H, Liu H, Yang Z. Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1409-1422. [PMID: 32945349 PMCID: PMC7447306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of FcγRIIB on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, lentiviral vector carrying the membrane-bound type FcγRIIB gene (mFcγRIIB lentivirus) and soluble FcγRIIB (sFcγRIIB) protein were used to treat B cells from patients with SLE. The B cells were treated with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and anti-calf thymus DNA-immune complexes (anti-ctDNA-IC). mFcγRIIB lentivirus and sFcγRIIB protein were also injected into MRL/lpr SLE mice. The results revealed that anti-ctDNA-IC treatment significantly downregulated the IgG antibody secretion of B cells treated with mFcγRIIB lentivirus. mFcγRIIB and sFcγRIIB decreased the phosphorylation level of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in B cells, and increased the phosphorylation level of Lyn proto-oncogene (Lyn), docking protein 1 (DOK1) and inositol polyphosphate-5-phospha-tase D (SHIP). mFcγRIIB promoted the apoptosis of B cells. Following the treatment of MRL/lpr SLE mice with mFcγRIIB lentivirus, the levels of urinary protein, serum anti-nuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies were decreased, while the levels of mFcγRIIB in B cells were increased. mFcγRIIB ameliorated the pathologies of the kidneys, liver and lymph node tissues of the MRL/lpr SLE mice. Following treatment of the MRL/lpr SLE mice with sFcγRIIB, the levels of urinary protein, serum anti-dsDNA antibody and BTK and SHIP phosphorylation levels in B cells were decreased, while the serum sFcγRIIB and sFcγRIIB-IgG levels were increased. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that recombinant FcγRIIB inhibits the secretion of IgG antibody by B cells from patients with SLE, ameliorates the symptoms of SLE in mice, and alters the phosphorylation levels of downstream proteins of the FcγRIIB signaling pathway in B cells. These results suggest that FcγRIIB may play preventive and therapeutic roles in SLE by inhibiting B cell activation via the FcγRIIB signaling pathway, which provides a novel theory and strategy for the prevention and treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Chi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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6
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Effendi WI, Nagano T, Hasan H, Yudhawati R. Immunoregulatory Property of C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3665. [PMID: 32455964 PMCID: PMC7279300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system identifies exogenous threats or endogenous stress through germline-encoded receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate consecutive downstream signaling pathways to control immune responses. However, the contribution of the immune system and inflammation to fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD) remains poorly understood. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motif-bearing C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs) may interact with various immune cells during tissue injury and wound repair processes. Dectin-1 is a CTLR with dominant mechanisms manifested through its intracellular signaling cascades, which regulate fibrosis-promoting properties through gene transcription and cytokine activation. Additionally, immune impairment in ILD facilitates microbiome colonization; hence, Dectin-1 is the master protector in host pulmonary defense against fungal invasion. Recent progress in determining the signaling pathways that control the balance of fibrosis has implicated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motif-bearing CTLRs as being involved, either directly or indirectly, in the pathogenesis of fibrosing ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia; (H.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Helmia Hasan
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia; (H.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia; (H.H.); (R.Y.)
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7
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Pauls SD, Hou S, Marshall AJ. SHIP interacts with adaptor protein Nck and restricts actin turnover in B cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:207-212. [PMID: 32446368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase (SHIP) has critical functions in regulating signal transduction. In additional to its lipid phosphatase activity, SHIP engages in multiple protein-protein interactions, which can serve to localize either SHIP or its binding partners to a particular subcellular domain. Knock-out and knock-down studies have elucidated that SHIP negatively regulates the accumulation of F-actin in leukocytes, usually resulting in inhibition of actin dependent cellular activities such as spreading and migration. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of SHIP inhibits B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated cell spreading in murine and human B cell lines. B cell stimulation via the BCR or pervanadate induces an interaction between SHIP and Nck, an adaptor protein known to promote actin polymerization. Using a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay, we demonstrate that overexpression of SHIP slows F-actin dynamics in BCR-stimulated B cells and this can be overcome by co-overexpression of Nck. Our data supports a role for SHIP in limiting actin turnover and suggests it may do so in part by sequestering Nck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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8
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Lemm EA, Valle-Argos B, Smith LD, Richter J, Gebreselassie Y, Carter MJ, Karolova J, Svaton M, Helman K, Weston-Bell NJ, Karydis L, Williamson CT, Lenz G, Pettigrew J, Harwig C, Stevenson FK, Cragg M, Forconi F, Steele AJ, Cross J, Mackenzie L, Klener P, Packham G. Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel SHIP1 Phosphatase Activator for Inhibition of PI3K Signaling in Malignant B Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1700-1711. [PMID: 31831562 PMCID: PMC7124891 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K signaling is a common feature of B-cell neoplasms, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and PI3K inhibitors have been introduced into the clinic. However, there remains a clear need to develop new strategies to target PI3K signaling. PI3K activity is countered by Src homology domain 2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) and, here, we have characterized the activity of a novel SHIP1 activator, AQX-435, in preclinical models of B-cell malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro activity of AQX-435 was evaluated using primary CLL cells and DLBCL-derived cell lines. In vivo activity of AQX-435, alone or in combination with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, was assessed using DLBCL cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. RESULTS Pharmacologic activation of SHIP1 using AQX-435 was sufficient to inhibit anti-IgM-induced PI3K-mediated signaling, including induction of AKT phosphorylation and MYC expression, without effects on upstream SYK phosphorylation. AQX-435 also cooperated with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib to enhance inhibition of anti-IgM-induced AKT phosphorylation. AQX-435 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of CLL cells preferentially as compared with normal B cells, and overcame in vitro survival-promoting effects of microenvironmental stimuli. Finally, AQX-435 reduced AKT phosphorylation and growth of DLBCL in vivo and cooperated with ibrutinib for tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results using AQX-435 demonstrate that SHIP1 activation may be an effective novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of B-cell neoplasms, alone or in combination with ibrutinib.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Enzyme Activators/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/chemistry
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases/metabolism
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lemm
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Valle-Argos
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay D Smith
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Richter
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yohannes Gebreselassie
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Carter
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Karolova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and Charles University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Svaton
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and Charles University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Helman
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola J Weston-Bell
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Karydis
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T Williamson
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeremy Pettigrew
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis Harwig
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cragg
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Cross
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lloyd Mackenzie
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and Charles University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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9
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Sundaravel S, Kuo WL, Jeong JJ, Choudhary GS, Gordon-Mitchell S, Liu H, Bhagat TD, McGraw KL, Gurbuxani S, List AF, Verma A, Wickrema A. Loss of Function of DOCK4 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Stem Cells is Restored by Inhibitors of DOCK4 Signaling Networks. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5638-5649. [PMID: 31308061 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with deletion of chromosome 7q/7 [-7/(del)7q MDS] is associated with worse outcomes and needs novel insights into pathogenesis. Reduced expression of signaling protein dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) in patients with -7/(del)7q MDS leads to a block in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation. Identification of targetable signaling networks downstream of DOCK4 will provide means to restore hematopoietic differentiation in MDS.Experimental Design: We utilized phosphoproteomics approaches to identify signaling proteins perturbed as a result of reduced expression of DOCK4 in human HSCs and tested their functional significance in primary model systems. RESULTS We demonstrate that reduced levels of DOCK4 lead to increased global tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in primary human HSCs. LYN kinase and phosphatases INPP5D (SHIP1) and PTPN6 (SHP1) displayed greatest levels of tyrosine phosphorylation when DOCK4 expression levels were reduced using DOCK4-specific siRNA. Our data also found that increased phosphorylation of SHIP1 and SHP1 phosphatases were due to LYN kinase targeting these phosphatases as substrates. Increased migration and impediment of HSC differentiation were consequences of these signaling alterations. Pharmacologic inhibition of SHP1 reversed these functional aberrations in HSCs expressing low DOCK4 levels. In addition, differentiation block seen in DOCK4 haplo-insufficient [-7/(del)7q] MDS was rescued by inhibition of SHP1 phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS LYN kinase and phosphatases SHP1 and SHIP1 are perturbed when DOCK4 expression levels are low. Inhibition of SHP1 promotes erythroid differentiation in healthy HSCs and in -7/(del)7q MDS samples with low DOCK4 expression. Inhibitors of LYN, SHP1 and SHIP1 also abrogated increased migratory properties in HSCs expressing reduced levels of DOCK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Sundaravel
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wen-Liang Kuo
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jong Jin Jeong
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gaurav S Choudhary
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Sandeep Gurbuxani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Amittha Wickrema
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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10
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Velie BD, Fegraeus KJ, Solé M, Rosengren MK, Røed KH, Ihler CF, Strand E, Lindgren G. A genome-wide association study for harness racing success in the Norwegian-Swedish coldblooded trotter reveals genes for learning and energy metabolism. BMC Genet 2018; 19:80. [PMID: 30157760 PMCID: PMC6114527 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although harness racing is of high economic importance to the global equine industry, significant genomic resources have yet to be applied to mapping harness racing success. To identify genomic regions associated with harness racing success, the current study performs genome-wide association analyses with three racing performance traits in the Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotter using the 670 K Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results Following quality control, 613 horses and 359,635 SNPs were retained for further analysis. After strict Bonferroni correction, nine genome-wide significant SNPs were identified for career earnings. No genome-wide significant SNPs were identified for number of gallops or best km time. However, four suggestive genome-wide significant SNPs were identified for number of gallops, while 19 were identified for best km time. Multiple genes related to intelligence, energy metabolism, and immune function were identified as potential candidate genes for harness racing success. Conclusions Apart from the physiological requirements needed for a harness racing horse to be successful, the results of the current study also advocate learning ability and memory as important elements for harness racing success. Further exploration into the mental capacity required for a horse to achieve racing success is likely warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0670-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Velie
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kim Jäderkvist Fegraeus
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Solé
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria K Rosengren
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Knut H Røed
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl-Fredrik Ihler
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Strand
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Stopforth RJ, Oldham RJ, Tutt AL, Duriez P, Chan HTC, Binkowski BF, Zimprich C, Li D, Hargreaves PG, Cong M, Reddy V, Leandro MJ, Cambridge G, Lux A, Nimmerjahn F, Cragg MS. Detection of Experimental and Clinical Immune Complexes by Measuring SHIP-1 Recruitment to the Inhibitory FcγRIIB. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:1937-1950. [PMID: 29351998 PMCID: PMC5837011 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fc γ receptors (FcγR) are involved in multiple aspects of immune cell regulation, are central to the success of mAb therapeutics, and underpin the pathology of several autoimmune diseases. However, reliable assays capable of accurately measuring FcγR interactions with their physiological ligands, IgG immune complexes (IC), are limited. A method to study and detect IC interactions with FcγRs was therefore developed. This method, designed to model the signaling pathway of the inhibitory FcγRIIB (CD32B), used NanoLuc Binary Interaction Technology to measure recruitment of the Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 1 to the ITIM of this receptor. Such recruitment required prior cross-linking of an ITAM-containing activatory receptor, and evoked luciferase activity in discrete clusters at the cell surface, recapitulating the known biology of CD32B signaling. The assay detected varying forms of experimental IC, including heat-aggregated IgG, rituximab-anti-idiotype complexes, and anti-trinitrophenol-trinitrophenol complexes in a sensitive manner (≤1 μg/ml), and discriminated between complexes of varying size and isotype. Proof-of-concept for the detection of circulating ICs in autoimmune disease was provided, as responses to sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were detected in small pilot studies. Finally, the method was translated to a stable cell line system. In conclusion, a rapid and robust method for the detection of IC was developed, which has numerous potential applications including the monitoring of IC in autoimmune diseases and the study of underlying FcγR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Stopforth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison L Tutt
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Duriez
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine/Cancer Research U.K. Centre, Protein Core Facility, Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Dun Li
- Promega Corp., Fitchburg, WI 53711
| | - Philip G Hargreaves
- Promega UK Ltd., Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Cong
- Promega Corp., Fitchburg, WI 53711
| | - Venkat Reddy
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Maria J Leandro
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Geraldine Cambridge
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anja Lux
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom;
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12
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Reth M, Gold MR. What goes up must come down: A tripartite Dok-3/Grb2/SHIP1 inhibitory module limits BCR signaling. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:2507-2511. [PMID: 27813071 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Properly regulated immunity requires precise integration of activating and inhibitory signals. As for other lymphocytes, B cells express an antigen-specific activating receptor, the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), and inhibitory receptors (e.g. FcγRIIb) that exercise checkpoint control on B-cell activation. Moreover, following BCR engagement, CD19 recruits proteins that amplify BCR signaling, while CD22 initiates a negative feedback loop by recruiting proteins that inhibit BCR signaling. Initial BCR signaling is mediated by protein tyrosine kinases and lipid kinases; inhibitory receptors directly antagonize the actions of these enzymes by recruiting protein tyrosine phosphatases and lipid phosphatases and positioning them close to actively signaling BCRs. Previously it was thought that inhibitory receptors such as FcγRIIb and CD22 were essential for bringing these phosphatases near the BCR. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Manno et al. show that a tripartite inhibitory module consisting of the adaptor proteins Dok-3 and Grb2 and the lipid phosphatase SHIP1 binds directly to activated BCRs and limits the Ca2+ mobilization that is required for B lymphocyte activation. This reveals that the BCR can be both an activating and inhibitory receptor, one that activates signaling enzymes while initiating a negative feedback loop that prevents excessive signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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13
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Pauls SD, Marshall AJ. Regulation of immune cell signaling by SHIP1: A phosphatase, scaffold protein, and potential therapeutic target. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:932-945. [PMID: 28480512 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide phosphatase SHIP is a critical regulator of immune cell activation. Despite considerable study, the mechanisms controlling SHIP activity to ensure balanced cell activation remain incompletely understood. SHIP dampens BCR signaling in part through its association with the inhibitory coreceptor Fc gamma receptor IIB, and serves as an effector for other inhibitory receptors in various immune cell types. The established paradigm emphasizes SHIP's inhibitory receptor-dependent function in regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 ; however, substantial evidence indicates that SHIP can be activated independently of inhibitory receptors and can function as an intrinsic brake on activation signaling. Here, we integrate historical and recent reports addressing the regulation and function of SHIP in immune cells, which together indicate that SHIP acts as a multifunctional protein controlled by multiple regulatory inputs, and influences downstream signaling via both phosphatase-dependent and -independent means. We further summarize accumulated evidence regarding the functions of SHIP in B cells, T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and macrophages, and data suggesting defective expression or activity of SHIP in autoimmune and malignant disorders. Lastly, we discuss the biological activities, therapeutic promise, and limitations of small molecule modulators of SHIP enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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