1
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Anzaghe M, Niles MA, Korotkova E, Dominguez M, Kronhart S, Ortega Iannazzo S, Bechmann I, Bachmann M, Mühl H, Kochs G, Waibler Z. Interleukin-36γ is causative for liver damage upon infection with Rift Valley fever virus in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194733. [PMID: 37720217 PMCID: PMC10502725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are pro-inflammatory cytokines which can also exert anti-inflammatory effects via the regulation of interleukin (IL)-1 family members. Several studies showed that interferon receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice develop severe liver damage upon treatment with artificial agonists such as acetaminophen or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. In order to investigate if these mechanisms also play a role in an acute viral infection, experiments with the Bunyaviridae family member Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) were performed. Upon RVFV clone (cl)13 infection, IFNAR-deficient mice develop a severe liver injury as indicated by high activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histological analyses. Infected IFNAR-/- mice expressed high amounts of IL-36γ within the liver, which was not observed in infected wildtype (WT) animals. In line with this, treatment of WT mice with recombinant IL-36γ induced ALT activity. Furthermore, administration of an IL-36 receptor antagonist prior to infection prevented the formation of liver injury in IFNAR-/- mice, indicating that IL-36γ is causative for the observed liver damage. Mice deficient for adaptor molecules of certain pattern recognition receptors indicated that IL-36γ induction was dependent on mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein and the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor. Consequently, cell type-specific IFNAR knockouts revealed that type I IFN signaling in myeloid cells is critical in order to prevent IL-36γ expression and liver injury upon viral infection. Our data demonstrate an anti-inflammatory role of type I IFN in a model for virus-induced hepatitis by preventing the expression of the novel IL-1 family member IL-36γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Anzaghe
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Marc A. Niles
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingo Bechmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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2
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Shang Y, Yang HX, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen N, Jiang XL, Zhang ZH, Zuo RM, Wang H, Lan XQ, Ren J, Wu YL, Cui ZY, Nan JX, Lian LH. Modulation of IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop through hepatocytes-derived IL-36R-P2X7R axis improves steatosis in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4378-4399. [PMID: 35481896 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IL-36 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and itself promotes inflammatory responses, shaping an IL-36-based inflammation loop. Although, hepatocytes, as "epithelial cell-like" hepatic parenchymal cells, produce IL-36 responses to drug-induced liver injury, little is known about the mechanistic role of the IL-36 signalling during the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Regarding IL-36/IL-36R and P2X7R coregulates the inflammatory response, we elucidated the modulation of IL-36R-P2X7R-TLRs axis affected hepatocytes steatosis and IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop that accompanies the onset of ASH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J mice were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding or acute gavage with multiple doses of ethanol to establish ASH, followed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of IL-36R and P2X7R. AML12 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were stimulated with alcohol, LPS plus ATP or Poly(I:C) plus ATP, followed by silencing of IL-36γ, IL-36R or P2X7R. KEY RESULTS P2X7R and IL-36R deficiency blocked the inflammatory loop, especially made by IL-36 cytokines, in hepatocytes of mice suffering from ASH. Pharmacological inhibition to P2X7R or IL-36R alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in ASH. IL-36R was indispensable for P2X7R modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ASH and IL-36 led to a vicious cycle of P2X7R-driven inflammation in alcohol-exposed hepatocytes. TLR ligands promoted IL-36γ production in hepatocytes based on the synergism of P2X7R. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Blockade of IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop via IL-36R-P2X7R-TLRs-modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation circumvented the steatosis and inflammation that accompanies the onset of ASH, suggesting that targeting IL-36 might serve as a novel therapeutic approach to combat ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rong-Mei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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3
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Wang X, Liang Y, Wang H, Zhang B, Soong L, Cai J, Yi P, Fan X, Sun J. The Protective Role of IL-36/IL-36R Signal in Con A-Induced Acute Hepatitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:861-869. [PMID: 35046104 PMCID: PMC8830780 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IL-36 family, including IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36R antagonist, belong to the IL-1 superfamily. It was reported that IL-36 plays a role in immune diseases. However, it remains unclear how IL-36 regulates inflammation. To determine the role of IL-36/IL-36R signaling pathways, we established an acute hepatitis mouse model (C57BL/6) by i.v. injection of the plant lectin Con A. We found that the levels of IL-36 were increased in the liver after Con A injection. Our results demonstrated the infiltrated neutrophils, but not the hepatocytes, were the main source of IL-36 in the liver. Using the IL-36R-/- mouse model (H-2b), we surprisingly found that the absence of IL-36 signals led to aggravated liver injury, as evidenced by increased mortality, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and severe liver pathological changes. Further investigations demonstrated that a lack of IL-36 signaling induced intrahepatic activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and increased the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-36R-/- mice had reduced T regulatory cell numbers and chemokines in the liver. Together, our results from the mouse model suggested a vital role of IL-36 in regulating T cell function and homeostasis during liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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