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Xie Z, Lu H, Zheng J, Song J, Sun K. Origin recognition complex subunit 6 (ORC6) is a key mediator of LPS-induced NFκB activation and the pro-inflammatory response. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:399. [PMID: 39143485 PMCID: PMC11323635 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated pro-inflammatory responses play a critical role in sepsis, a life-threatening condition. This study investigates the role of origin recognition complex subunit 6 (ORC6) in LPS responses in macrophages and monocytes. Silencing ORC6 using targeted shRNA significantly reduced LPS-induced expression and production of IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in THP-1 human macrophages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Additionally, ORC6 knockout (KO) via the CRISPR/Cas9 method in THP-1 macrophages inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses, while ectopic overexpression of ORC6 enhanced LPS-induced expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. ORC6 is crucial for the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling cascade in macrophages and monocytes. LPS-induced NFκB activation was largely inhibited by ORC6 silencing or KO, but potentiated following ORC6 overexpression. Mechanistically, ORC6 associated with nuclear p65 after LPS stimulation, an interaction necessary for NFκB activation. Overexpression of ORC6 did not recover the reduced pro-inflammatory response to LPS in THP-1 macrophages with silenced p65. Furthermore, the NFκB inhibitor BMS-345,541 nearly eliminated the pro-inflammatory response enhanced by ORC6 overexpression in response to LPS. Further studies revealed that ORC6 depletion inhibited NFκB activation induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in THP-1 macrophages. In vivo experiments demonstrated that macrophage-specific knockdown of ORC6 protected mice from LPS-induced septic shock and inhibited LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in mouse serum. ORC6 silencing also inhibited LPS-induced NFκB activation in ex vivo cultured PBMCs following macrophage-specific knockdown of ORC6. These findings highlight ORC6 as a pivotal mediator in LPS-induced NFκB activation and the pro-inflammatory response in sepsis, suggesting that targeting ORC6 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for managing sepsis and related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Xie
- Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisu Lu
- Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Song
- Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Keyu Sun
- Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Sharma P, Venkatachalam K, Binesh A. Decades Long Involvement of THP-1 Cells as a Model for Macrophage Research: A Comprehensive Review. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:85-104. [PMID: 38676532 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230294413240415054610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have endeavored to identify dependable and reproducible in vitro models for examining macrophage behavior under controlled conditions. The THP-1 cell line has become a significant and widely employed tool in macrophage research within these models. Originating from the peripheral blood of individuals with acute monocytic leukemia, this human monocytic cell line can undergo transformation into macrophage-like cells, closely mirroring primary human macrophages when exposed to stimulants. Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system, actively regulating inflammation, responding to infections, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of macrophage biology and function is crucial for gaining insights into immunological responses, tissue healing, and the pathogenesis of diseases such as viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and neoplastic conditions. This review aims to thoroughly evaluate and emphasize the extensive history of THP-1 cells as a model for macrophage research. Additionally, it will delve into the significance of THP-1 cells in advancing our comprehension of macrophage biology and their invaluable contributions to diverse scientific domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Sharma
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaliyamurthi Venkatachalam
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambika Binesh
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arora N, Keshri AK, Kaur R, Rawat SS, Kumar R, Mishra A, Prasad A. Taenia solium excretory secretory proteins (ESPs) suppresses TLR4/AKT mediated ROS formation in human macrophages via hsa-miR-125. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011858. [PMID: 38157380 PMCID: PMC10783723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth infections are a global health menace affecting 24% of the world population. They continue to increase global disease burden as their unclear pathology imposes serious challenges to patient management. Neurocysticercosis is classified as neglected tropical disease and is caused by larvae of helminthic cestode Taenia solium. The larvae infect humans and localize in central nervous system and cause NCC; a leading etiological agent of acquired epilepsy in the developing world. The parasite has an intricate antigenic make-up and causes active immune suppression in the residing host. It communicates with the host via its secretome which is complex mixture of proteins also called excretory secretory products (ESPs). Understanding the ESPs interaction with host can identify therapeutic intervention hot spots. In our research, we studied the effect of T. solium ESPs on human macrophages and investigated the post-translation switch involved in its immunopathogenesis. METHODOLOGY T. solium cysts were cultured in vitro to get ESPs and used for treating human macrophages. These macrophages were studied for cellular signaling and miR expression and quantification at transcript and protein level. CONCLUSION We found that T. solium cyst ESPs treatment to human macrophages leads to activation of Th2 immune response. A complex cytokine expression by macrophages was also observed with both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in milieu. But, at the same time ESPs modulated the macrophage function by altering the host miR expression as seen with altered ROS activity, apoptosis and phagocytosis. This leads to activated yet compromised functional macrophages, which provides a niche to support parasite survival. Thus T. solium secretome induces Th2 phenomenon in macrophages which may promote parasite's survival and delay their recognition by host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Arora
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand K. Keshri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rimanpreet Kaur
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suraj S. Rawat
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute for Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Kang JI, Choi YK, Han SC, Kim HG, Hong SW, Kim J, Kim JH, Hyun JW, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Limonin, a Component of Immature Citrus Fruits, Activates Anagen Signaling in Dermal Papilla Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245358. [PMID: 36558517 PMCID: PMC9787355 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss remains a significant problem that is difficult to treat; therefore, there is a need to identify safe natural materials that can help patients with hair loss. We evaluated the hair anagen activation effects of limonin, which is abundant in immature citrus fruits. Limonin increased the proliferation of rat dermal papilla cells (rDPC) by changing the levels of cyclin D1 and p27, and increasing the number of BrdU-positive cells. Limonin increased autophagy by decreasing phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin levels and increasing the phospho-Raptor, ATG7 and LC3B. Limonin also activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing phospho-β-catenin levels. XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited these limonin-induced changes, including induced autophagy, BrdU-positive cells, and cell proliferation. Limonin increased the phosphorylated AKT levels in both two-dimensional cultured rDPC and three-dimensional spheroids. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited limonin-induced proliferation, and disrupted other limonin-mediated changes, including decreased p27, increased BrdU-positive cells, induced autophagy, and increased ATG7 and LC3B levels. Wortmannin also inhibited limonin-induced cyclin D1 and LC3 expression in spheroids. Collectively, these results indicate that limonin can enhance anagen signaling by activating autophagy via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and/or PI3K/AKT pathways in rDPC, highlighting a candidate nutrient for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Choi
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3846; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
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Wang L, He C. Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967193. [PMID: 36032081 PMCID: PMC9411667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). The transition of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes can play a key role in building the intra-articular microenvironment. The pro-inflammatory cascade induced by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 is closely related to M1 macrophages, resulting in the production of pro-chondrolytic mediators. However, IL-10, IL1RA, CCL-18, IGF, and TGF are closely related to M2 macrophages, leading to the protection of cartilage and the promoted regeneration. The inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway is central in OA treatment via controlling inflammatory responses in macrophages, while the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears not to attract widespread attention in the field. Nrf2 is a transcription factor encoding a large number of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of Nrf2 can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can also have complex crosstalk with NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of Nrf2 can inhibit the M1 polarization and promote the M2 polarization through potential signaling transductions including TGF-β/SMAD, TLR/NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, with the regulation or cooperation of Notch, NLRP3, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling. And the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the negative regulation of Nrf2 for NF-κB can be the main mechanisms for promotion. Furthermore, the candidates of OA treatment by activating Nrf2 to promote M2 phenotype macrophages in OA are also reviewed in this work, such as itaconate and fumarate derivatives, curcumin, quercetin, melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chengqi He,
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Kim MJ, Seong KY, Kim DS, Jeong JS, Kim SY, Lee S, Yang SY, An BS. Minoxidil-loaded hyaluronic acid dissolving microneedles to alleviate hair loss in an alopecia animal model. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:189-202. [PMID: 35202857 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia is defined as hair loss in a part of the head due to various causes, such as drugs, stress and autoimmune disorders. Various therapeutic agents have been suggested depending on the cause of the condition and patient sex, and age. Minoxidil (MXD) is commonly used topically to treat alopecia, but its low absorption rate limits widespread use. To overcome the low absorption, we suggest microneedles (MNs) as controlled drug delivery systems that release MXD. We used hyaluronic acid (HA) to construct MN, as it is biocompatible and safe. We examined the effect of HA on the hair dermal papilla (HDP) cells that control the development of hair follicles. HA enhanced proliferation, migration, and aggregation of HDP cell by increasing cell-cell adhesion and decreasing cell substratum. These effects were mediated by the cluster of differentiation (CD)-44 and phosphorylation of serine‑threonine kinase (Akt). In chemotherapy-induced alopecia mice, topical application of HA tended to decrease chemotherapy-induced hair loss. Although the amount of MXD administered by HA-MNs was 10% of topical treatment, the MXD-containing HA-MNs (MXD-HA-MNs) showed better effects on the growth of hair than topical application of MXD. In summary, our results demonstrated that HA reduces hair loss in alopecia mice, and that delivery of MXD and HA using MXD-HA-MNs maximizes therapeutic effects and minimize the side effects of MXD for the treatment of alopecia. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) Significance, This work reports a new approach for treatment of alopecia using a dissolving microneedle (MN) prepared with hyaluronic acid (HA). The HA provided a better environment for cellular functions in the hair dermal papilla cells. The HA-MNs containing minoxidil (MXD) exhibited a significant reduction of hair loss, although amount of MXD contained in them was only 10% of topically applied MXD., (2) Scientific impact, This is the first report demonstrating the direct anti-alopecia effects of HA administrated in a transdermal route and the feasibility of novel therapeutics using MXD-containing HA-MNs. We believe that our work will excite interdisciplinary readers of Acta Biomaterialia, those who are interested in the natural polymers, drug delivery, and alopecia.
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Zhang X, Ye L, Tang W, Ji Y, Zheng L, Chen Y, Ge Q, Huang C. Wnt/β-Catenin Participates in the Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Associated Early Pulmonary Fibrosis via Mesenchymal Stem Cell Microvesicles. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:237-247. [PMID: 35082486 PMCID: PMC8784273 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s344309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The main aim of the present study was to establish whether mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles (MSC MVs) exert anti-fibrotic effects and investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated early pulmonary fibrosis. Methods An ARDS-associated pulmonary fibrosis model was established in mice by an intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At 1, 3, and 7 days after LPS-mediated injury, the lungs of mice treated with MSC MVs and untreated controls were carefully excised and fibrosis was assessed based on the extent of collagen deposition. In addition, the development of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated based on loss of E-cadherin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) along with the acquisition of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and N-cadherin. Nuclear translocation and β-catenin expression analyses were also used to evaluate activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Results Blue-stained collagen fibers were evident as early as 7 days after LPS injection. Treatment with MSC MVs suppressed pathological progression to a significant extent. MSC MVs markedly reversed the upregulation of N-cadherin and α-SMA and attenuated the downregulation of E-cadherin and ZO-1. The expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were clearly decreased on day 7 after MSC MV treatment. Conclusion Analyses indicated that MSC MVs could ameliorate ARDS-associated early pulmonary fibrosis via the suppression of EMT and might be related to Wnt/β-catenin transition signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qidong Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, HuaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Changshun Huang; Qidong Ge, Tel +86-574-87085521, Fax +86-574-87085588, Email ;
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Lin S, Chen Q, Zhang L, Ge S, Luo Y, He W, Xu C, Zeng M. Overexpression of HOXB4 Promotes Protection of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Partially Through the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3637-3649. [PMID: 34349541 PMCID: PMC8326777 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s319416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury is recognized as one of the pathological factors of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-based cytotherapy has attracted substantial attention over recent years as a promising therapeutic approach for ALI/ARDS; however, its use remains limited due to inconsistent efficacy. Currently, gene modification techniques are widely applied to MSCs. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BMSCs overexpressing Homeobox B4 (HOXB4) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced EC injury. Methods We used LPS to induce EC injury and established EC-BMSC coculture system using transwell chambers. The effect of BMSCs on ECs was explored by detecting EC proliferation, apoptosis, migration, tube formation, and permeability, and determining whether the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in the regulatory mechanism using XAV-939, inhibitor of Wnt/ β-catenin. Results As compared to BMSCWT, BMSCHOXB4 coculture promoted EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation after LPS stimulation and attenuated LPS-induced EC apoptosis and vascular permeability. Mechanistically, BMSCHOXB4 coculture prevented LPS-induced EC injury by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is partially reversible by XAV-939. When cocultured with BMSCHOXB4, pro-inflammatory factors were dramatically decreased and anti-inflammatory factors were greatly increased in the EC medium compared to those in the LPS group (P<0.05). Additionally, when compared to BMSCWT coculture, the BMSCHOXB4 coculture showed an enhanced modulation of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, but there was no statistically significant effect on IL-1β and IL-4. Conclusion Coculturing of BMSCHOXB4 prevented LPS-induced EC injury by reversing the inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. An in vivo study remains warranted to ascertain whether engraftment of BMSCHOXB4 can be an attractive strategy for the treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingui Chen
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhui Ge
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmei He
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Zeng
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Mechanical Ventilation with Moderate Tidal Volume Exacerbates Extrapulmonary Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury via IL33-WISP1 Signaling Pathway. Shock 2020; 56:461-472. [PMID: 33394970 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT IL-33 and WNT1-inducible secreted protein (WISP1) play central roles in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by mechanical ventilation with moderate tidal volume (MTV) in the setting of sepsis. Here, we sought to determine the inter-relationship between IL-33 and WISP1 and the associated signaling pathways in this process.We used a two-hit model of cecal ligation puncture (CLP) followed by MTV ventilation (4 h 10 mL/kg) in wild-type, IL-33-/- or ST2-/- mice or wild-type mice treated with intratracheal antibodies to WISP1. Macrophages (Raw 264.7 and alveolar macrophages from wild-type or ST2-/- mice) were used to identify specific signaling components.CLP + MTV resulted in ALI that was partially sensitive to genetic ablation of IL-33 or ST2 or antibody neutralization of WISP1. Genetic ablation of IL-33 or ST2 significantly prevented ALI after CLP + MTV and reduced levels of WISP1 in the circulation and bronchoalveolar lung fluid. rIL-33 increased WISP1 in alveolar macrophages in an ST2, PI3K/AKT, and ERK dependent manner. This WISP1 upregulation and WNT β-catenin activation were sensitive to inhibition of the β-catenin/TCF/CBP/P300 nuclear pathway.We show that IL-33 drives WISP1 upregulation and ALI during MTV in CLP sepsis. The identification of this relationship and the associated signaling pathways reveals a number of possible therapeutic targets to prevent ALI in ventilated sepsis patients.
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Cheung KCP, Fanti S, Mauro C, Wang G, Nair AS, Fu H, Angeletti S, Spoto S, Fogolari M, Romano F, Aksentijevic D, Liu W, Li B, Cheng L, Jiang L, Vuononvirta J, Poobalasingam TR, Smith DM, Ciccozzi M, Solito E, Marelli-Berg FM. Preservation of microvascular barrier function requires CD31 receptor-induced metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3595. [PMID: 32681081 PMCID: PMC7367815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier (EB) breaching is a frequent event during inflammation, and it is followed by the rapid recovery of microvascular integrity. The molecular mechanisms of EB recovery are poorly understood. Triggering of MHC molecules by migrating T-cells is a minimal signal capable of inducing endothelial contraction and transient microvascular leakage. Using this model, we show that EB recovery requires a CD31 receptor-induced, robust glycolytic response sustaining junction re-annealing. Mechanistically, this response involves src-homology phosphatase activation leading to Akt-mediated nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and concomitant β-catenin translocation to the nucleus, collectively leading to cMyc transcription. CD31 signals also sustain mitochondrial respiration, however this pathway does not contribute to junction remodeling. We further show that pathologic microvascular leakage in CD31-deficient mice can be corrected by enhancing the glycolytic flux via pharmacological Akt or AMPK activation, thus providing a molecular platform for the therapeutic control of EB response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C P Cheung
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelson Way, Birmingham, B152WB, UK
| | - Guosu Wang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anitha S Nair
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Spoto
- Internal Medicine Department, University campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Fogolari
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Romano
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thanushiyan R Poobalasingam
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David M Smith
- AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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11
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Activation of the Akt pathway by a constitutive androstane receptor agonist results in β-catenin activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 879:173135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Kang JI, Choi YK, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Kang JH, Lee KS, Lee CM, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Vanillic Acid Stimulates Anagen Signaling via the PI3K/Akt/ β-Catenin Pathway in Dermal Papilla Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:354-360. [PMID: 32394669 PMCID: PMC7327143 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle (anagen, catagen, and telogen) is regulated by the interaction between mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells in the hair follicles. The proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), mesenchymal-derived fibroblasts, has emerged as a target for the regulation of the hair cycle. Here, we show that vanillic acid, a phenolic acid from wheat bran, promotes the proliferation of DPCs via a PI3K/Akt/Wnt/β-catenin dependent mechanism. Vanillic acid promoted the proliferation of DPCs, accompanied by increased levels of cell-cycle proteins cyclin D1, CDK6, and Cdc2 p34. Vanillic acid also increased the levels of phospho(ser473)-Akt, phospho(ser780)-pRB, and phospho(thr37/46)-4EBP1 in a time-dependent manner. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, attenuated the vanillic acid-mediated proliferation of DPCs. Vanillic acid-induced progression of the cell-cycle was also suppressed by wortmannin. Moreover, vanillic acid increased the levels of Wnt/β-catenin proteins, such as phospho(ser9)-glycogen synthase kinase-3β, phospho(ser552)-β-catenin, and phospho(ser675)-β-catenin. We found that vanillic acid increased the levels of cyclin D1 and Cox-2, which are target genes of β-catenin, and these changes were inhibited by wortmannin. To investigate whether vanillic acid affects the downregulation of β-catenin by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), implicated in the development of androgenetic alopecia, DPCs were stimulated with DHT in the presence and absence of vanillic acid for 24 h. Western blotting and confocal microscopy analyses showed that the decreased level of β-catenin after the incubation with DHT was reversed by vanillic acid. These results suggest that vanillic acid could stimulate anagen and alleviate hair loss by activating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- Songpa R&D Center, Coreana Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Cheonan 31041, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Mong Lee
- Songpa R&D Center, Coreana Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Cheonan 31041, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.,Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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13
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Feng H, He Y, La L, Hou C, Song L, Yang Q, Wu F, Liu W, Hou L, Li Y, Wang C, Li Y. The flavonoid-enriched extract from the root of Smilax china L. inhibits inflammatory responses via the TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112785. [PMID: 32222576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax china L. has been used clinically to treat various inflammatory disorders with a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory action of the extract from the herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was identified and quantified using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array-Mass Spectrometer method. The anti-inflammatory activities were examined in xylene-induced mouse ear edema and cotton ball-induced rat granuloma. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR-4-mediated signals in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were determined using ELISA, real-time PCR, Western blot and/or immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS The extract was found to enrich flavonoids (44.3%, mainly astilbin, engeletin, isoastilbin, cinchonain Ia, quercetin-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside and chlorogenic acid). The flavonoid-enriched extract (FEE) inhibited xylene-induced mouse ear edema and cotton ball-induced rat granuloma, and suppressed LPS-induced over-release and/or overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mechanistically, FEE suppressed protein overexpression of TLR-4 and its downstream signals, MyD88 protein, phosphorylated inhibitory κB-α, NF-κB-P65 and MAPK p38, as well as phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85α at Tyr607 and Akt at Ser473 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The mode of the anti-inflammatory action of FEE was similar to that of TAK-242 (a selective TLR-4 inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that FEE inhibit inflammatory responses via the TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway. Our findings go a new insight into the mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory action of the herb, and provide a better understanding of its use for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Lei La
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chuqi Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Luyao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Fuling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lianbing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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14
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The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ/DEP-1 contributes to the regulation of the Notch-signaling pathway and sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:145-157. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Zirnheld AL, Villard M, Harrison AM, Kosiewicz MM, Alard P. β-Catenin stabilization in NOD dendritic cells increases IL-12 production and subsequent induction of IFN-γ-producing T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1349-1358. [PMID: 31568613 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0919-244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) from diabetes-prone NOD mice and patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) produce excess IL-12 that drives development of β-cell-destroying IFN-γ-producing T cells. The molecular mechanisms that control IL-12 production in T1D are unclear. In this study, we report that β-catenin, a multifunctional protein involved in inflammation, is dramatically increased in DC from NOD mice. We further investigated the mechanisms leading to accumulation of β-catenin in NOD DC and its role in the inflammatory pathogenic responses associated with T1D. Hyperphosphorylation of β-catenin at a stabilizing residue, serine 552, mediated by activation of Akt, appears to lead to β-catenin accumulation in NOD DC. Elevated β-catenin in DC correlated with IL-12 production and induction of IFN-γ-producing CD4 cells. On the one hand, knockdown/inhibition of β-catenin significantly reduced NOD DC production of IL-12 and their ability to induce IFN-γ-producing CD4 cells. On the other hand, overexpression of β-catenin in control DC resulted in increased IL-12 production and induction of IFN-γ-production in T cells. Additionally, we found that β-catenin inhibitors decreased NF-κB activation in NOD DC and IFN-γ production by NOD T cells in vivo. These data strongly suggest that accumulation of β-catenin in DC from NOD mice drives IL-12 production, and consequently, development of pathogenic IFN-γ-producing T cells. Targeting the defect responsible for β-catenin accumulation and subsequent overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by NOD DC could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin L Zirnheld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marine Villard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Hospices Civils, Lyon, France
| | - Alisha M Harrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Michele M Kosiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pascale Alard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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16
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Ciesielska A, Hromada-Judycka A, Ziemlińska E, Kwiatkowska K. Lysophosphatidic acid up-regulates IL-10 production to inhibit TNF-α synthesis in Mϕs stimulated with LPS. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1285-1301. [PMID: 31335985 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0918-368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial LPS strongly induces pro-inflammatory responses of Mϕs after binding to CD14 protein and the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex. The LPS-triggered signaling can be modulated by extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is of substantial importance for Mϕ functioning under specific pathophysiological conditions, such as atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between the LPS- and LPA-induced signaling, and the LPA receptors involved, are poorly known. In this report, we show that LPA strongly inhibits the LPS-induced TNF-α production at the mRNA and protein levels in primary Mϕs and Mϕ-like J774 cells. The decreased TNF-α production in LPA/LPS-stimulated cells is to high extent independent of NF-κB but is preceded by enhanced expression and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The IL-10 elevation and TNF-α reduction are both abrogated upon depletion of the LPA5 and LPA6 receptors in J774 cells and can be linked with LPA-mediated activation of p38. We propose that the binding of LPA to LPA5 and LPA6 fine-tunes the LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating p38, and up-regulating IL-10 and down-regulating TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ziemlińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Oh JH, Jeong KH, Kim JE, Kang H. Synthesized Ceramide Induces Growth of Dermal Papilla Cells with Potential Contribution to Hair Growth. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:164-174. [PMID: 33911565 PMCID: PMC7992683 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ceramide is known to play an important role in the formation of intracellular lipids, and play a crucial role as a barrier for skin and hair cuticle. Recent study has revealed that ceramide has potential effect on hair growth in a mouse model. However, the role of ceramide in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) known to play an important role in hair growth is not well understood yet. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of synthetic ceramides (oleyl and stearyl ceramides) on hair growth using hDPCs. Methods hDPCs were treated with synthesized ceramides. hDPCs viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The expression of hair growth related factors were investigated by western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction and growth factor array. The expression of β-catenin was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Results Treatment with ceramides increased the expression of proteins affecting cell proliferation such as Bcl-2, BAX, phosphorylated-ERK and Cyclin D1. Also, ceramides treatment were increased the expression of several growth factors, including epidermal growth factor family, and promote the expression of Wnt/β-catenin and BMP2/4 signaling. Conclusion Our data suggest that synthetic ceramides stimulates hair growth by induction proliferation of hDPCs via modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and BMP2/4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hye Oh
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Ho Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Mohamed AF, Safar MM, Zaki HF, Sayed HM. Telluric Acid Ameliorates Endotoxemic Kidney Injury in Mice: Involvement of TLR4, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2018; 40:1742-1752. [PMID: 28685413 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Being one of the most abundant trace elements in the human body, the therapeutic potential of tellurium-based compounds has been a target of interest. Recent reports denoted their redox-modulating and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental endotoxemia. However, their potential nephroprotective effect against endotoxemic kidney injury is yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the possible renoprotective effect of telluric acid (TEL) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice, targeting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathways as possible mechanistic contributors to TEL's effect. AKI was induced by LPS (2 mg/kg). TEL (60 μg/kg; i.p.) was administered once daily for seven consecutive days before LPS injection. Pretreatment with TEL alleviated LPS-induced AKI as evidenced by the hampered serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C. TEL also opposed LPS-induced elevation in renal kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, interleukin-1β, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance contents. This was accompanied by a replenishment of renal glutathione, transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2, enhancement of heme oxygenase-1 activity, and a marked upregulation of phospho-PI3K and phospho-Akt protein expressions. Histopathological findings corroborated with the amendment of biochemical parameters. In view of these findings, we may conclude that TEL pretreatment purveyed novel nephroprotective effects against endotoxemic kidney injury, which might be partly attributed to the modulation of TLR4, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2 signaling pathways and may hence provide a valuable asset for the management of endotoxemic renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, El Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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19
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Zhu G, Huang Q, Huang Y, Zheng W, Hua J, Yang S, Zhuang J, Wang J, Ye J. Lipopolysaccharide increases the release of VEGF-C that enhances cell motility and promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis through the TLR4- NF-κB/JNK pathways in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73711-73724. [PMID: 27713159 PMCID: PMC5342009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exists in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Colorectal normal epithelium and colorectal cancer cells in situ are continuously exposed to LPS from intestinal bacteria, while little is known about the influence of LPS on colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of LPS on colorectal cancer progression and metastasis as well as the underlying mechanisms. We measured higher LPS concentration in colorectal cancer tissues and even higher LPS concentration in colorectal cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis. LPS significantly enhanced cancer cell motility and promoted human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells' (HDLECs') capacity of tube-like formation in vitro, as well as accelerates lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in nude mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated LPS notably increased the expression of VEGF-C in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. VEGF-C is a key regulator for lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. By constructing lentivirus-mediated shVEGF-C cells, VEGF-C down-regulation suppressed LPS' promotive effect on cancer cell motility and HDLEC tube-like formation capacity. In addition, we found TLR4- NF-κB/JNK signal pathways were important for LPS to increase VEGF-C expression. All these result suggested a critical role for LPS in migration, invasion, lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer, providing evidence that LPS increased VEGF-C secretion to promote cell motility and lymphangiogenesis via TLR4- NF-κB/JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongjian Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Hua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shugang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinfu Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinzhou Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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20
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Jeon S, Kim SH, Shin SY, Lee YH. Clozapine reduces Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses through inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent Akt activation in microglia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:477-487. [PMID: 28431901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of schizophrenia and severe mood disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Clozapine exerts anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of clozapine is poorly understood. In this study, we found that clozapine suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of IκBα at Ser-32 and of p65/RelA at Ser-468, as well as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-dependent transcriptional activity in microglial cells. Clozapine downregulated LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473. Pharmacological Akt inhibitors ameliorated LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA or sequestration of intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM attenuated LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation. Treatment with calmodulin (CaM) antagonists and the CaM kinase inhibitor, KN-93, also prevented LPS-induced Akt and NF-κB activation, suggesting that Ca2+/CaM-dependent Akt activation is critical in LPS-induced NF-κB activation in microglia. These results suggest that clozapine exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of Ca2+/CaM/Akt-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Zenke K, Muroi M, Tanamoto KI. AKT1 distinctively suppresses MyD88-depenedent and TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling in a kinase activity-independent manner. Cell Signal 2017; 43:32-39. [PMID: 29242168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We found that AKT1, a primary effector molecule of PI3K-AKT signaling, distinctively suppressed Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated MyD88-dependent and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling by inhibiting NF-κB activation and IRF3 activity independently of its kinase activity. In AKT1 knockout RAW264.7 cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transcription and protein production of cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α (regulated by the MyD88-dependent pathway), as well as IFN-β and RANTES (C-C motif chemokine ligand 5: CCL-5; regulated by the TRIF-dependent pathways) was enhanced compared to wild type cells. In response to LPS stimulation, AKT1 knockout cells also exhibited enhanced NF-κB and IFN-β promoter activities, which were reduced to a level comparable to that in wild type cells by complementation with either AKT1 or its kinase-dead mutant (AKT1-KD). Expression of AKT1 or AKT1-KD similarly suppressed NF-κB and IFN-β promoter activities induced by LPS and other TLR ligands in wild type cells. Analysis of NF-κB activation caused by transient expression of proteins involved in the MyD88-dependent pathway in TLR signaling revealed that AKT1 suppressed signaling that occurs between activation of IKKβ and that of NF-κB. In contrast, AKT1 appeared to suppress the IFN-β promoter through inhibition of IRF3 activity itself. These results demonstrate a novel, non-kinase function of AKT1 that inhibits TLR signaling, and suggest the multifunctional nature of AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Zenke
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Muroi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Tanamoto
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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Low Dose of Lipopolysaccharide Pretreatment Preventing Subsequent Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis Is Associated with PI3K/AKT Pathway. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1273940. [PMID: 28804726 PMCID: PMC5540259 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1273940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the effects of LPS pretreatment on endotoxin-induced uveitis and PI3K/AKT pathway. Methods Endotoxin-induced uveitis was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of 200 μg LPS. For the endotoxin tolerance group, induction of EIU was preceded by daily subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg LPS for five days. Clinical scores were graded at 24 h after EIU under a slit lamp microscope. HE stain was performed to observe the histopathology. Aqueous humor TNF-α concentration was quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of PI3K and AKT were detected through Western blot analyses, and the activation of AKT was detected through immunofluorescence study. Results Endotoxin tolerance produced suppressive effects by significantly reducing the inflammatory reaction of anterior segment of the rats as measured by slit lamp and histopathology. Low dose of LPS pretreatment significantly reduced TNF-α concentrations and the expressions of PI3K and AKT. Furthermore, the activation of AKT was also inhibited. Conclusions LPS pretreatment can ameliorate endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. This protection of endotoxin tolerance against EIU is associated with PI3K/AKT pathway by reducing level of TNF-α in the aqueous humor.
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Kang JI, Kim MK, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Hwang EK, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Kwon SY, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Undariopsis peterseniana Promotes Hair Growth by the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin and ERK Pathways. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E130. [PMID: 28475144 PMCID: PMC5450536 DOI: 10.3390/md15050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Undariopsis peterseniana, an edible brown alga, on hair growth. The treatment of vibrissa follicles with U. peterseniana extract ex vivo for 21 days significantly increased the hair-fiber lengths. The U. peterseniana extract also significantly accelerated anagen initiation in vivo. Moreover, we found that U. peterseniana extract was able to open the KATP channel, which may contribute to increased hair growth. The U. peterseniana extract decreased 5α-reductase activity and markedly increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells, a central regulator of the hair cycle. The U. peterseniana extract increased the levels of cell cycle proteins, such as Cyclin D1, phospho(ser780)-pRB, Cyclin E, phospho-CDK2, and CDK2. The U. peterseniana extract also increased the phosphorylation of ERK and the levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin. These results suggested that the U. peterseniana extract had the potential to influence hair growth by dermal papilla cells proliferation through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathways. We isolated a principal of the U. peterseniana extract, which was subsequently identified as apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, a trichogenic compound. The results suggested that U. peterseniana extract may have a pivotal role in the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Aqua Green Technology Co. Ltd., 209 Jeju Bio-Industry Center, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Hwang
- Seaweed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 130 Tongilro, Mokpo 58746, Korea.
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Soon-Young Kwon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC. Wnt/TLR Dialog in Neuroinflammation, Relevance in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:187. [PMID: 28286503 PMCID: PMC5323396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system (IIS) represents the first line of defense against exogenous and endogenous harmful stimuli. Different types of pathogens and diverse molecules can activate the IIS via a ligand-receptor mechanism. Cytokine release, recruitment of immunocompetent cells, and inflammation constitute the initial steps in an IIS-mediated response. While balanced IIS activity can resolve a harmful event, an altered response, such as deficient or persistent IIS activity, will have a critical effect on organism homeostasis. In this regard, chronic IIS activation has been associated with a wide range of diseases, including chronic inflammatory disorders (inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among others), cancer and, more recently, neurodegenerative disorders. The relevance of the immune response, particularly inflammation, in the context of neurodegeneration has motivated rigorous research focused on unveiling the mechanisms underlying this response. Knowledge regarding the molecular hallmarks of the innate immune response and understanding signaling pathway cross talk are critical for developing new therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the neuroinflammatory response within the brain. In the present review, we discuss the IIS in the central nervous system, particularly the cross talk between the toll-like receptor-signaling cascade and the wingless-related MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway and its relevance in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, P. Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Li J, Morton SK, Biros E, Wang Y, Nsengiyumva V, Lindeman JHN, Loots GG, Rush CM, Craig JM, Golledge J. Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Sclerostin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysm and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:553-566. [PMID: 28062506 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin (SOST) has been identified as an important regulator of bone formation; however, it has not been previously implicated in arterial disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of SOST in aortic aneurysm (AA) and atherosclerosis using human samples, a mouse model, and in vitro investigations. APPROACH AND RESULTS SOST protein was downregulated in human and mouse AA samples compared with controls. Transgenic introduction of human SOST in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice (SOSTTg .ApoE-/-) and administration of recombinant mouse Sost inhibited angiotensin II-induced AA and atherosclerosis. Serum concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice. Compared with controls, the aortas of mice receiving recombinant mouse Sost and SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice showed reduced matrix degradation, reduced elastin breaks, and preserved collagen. Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and a reduction in the expression of wingless-type mouse mammary virus integration site/β-catenin responsive genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin, were observed in the aortas of SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice. SOST expression was downregulated and the wingless-type mouse mammary virus integration site/β-catenin pathway was activated in human AA samples. The cytosine-phosphate-guanine islands in the SOST gene promoter showed significantly higher methylation in human AA samples compared with controls. Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine resulted in upregulation of SOST, suggesting that SOST is epigenetically regulated. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies that SOST is expressed in the aorta and downregulated in human AA possibly because of epigenetic silencing. Upregulating SOST inhibits AA and atherosclerosis development, with potential important implications for treating these vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Murali Krishna
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Roby J Jose
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jiaze Li
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Susan K Morton
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Erik Biros
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Yutang Wang
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Vianne Nsengiyumva
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Catherine M Rush
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.).
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NLRC3 is an inhibitory sensor of PI3K-mTOR pathways in cancer. Nature 2016; 540:583-587. [PMID: 27951586 PMCID: PMC5468516 DOI: 10.1038/nature20597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing proteins (NLRs) belong to a large family of cytoplasmic sensors which regulate an extraordinarily diverse range of biological functions. NLRs contribute to immunity against infectious diseases, however, dysregulation of their functional activity leads to the development of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity 1. Cytoplasmic innate immune sensors, including NLRs, are central regulators of intestinal homeostasis 2–8. NLRC3 (also known as CLR16.2 or NOD3) is a poorly characterized member of the NLR family and was identified in a genomic screen of genes encoding proteins bearing leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and nucleotide-binding domains 9,10. Expression of the gene encoding NLRC3 is drastically reduced in tumour tissues of patients with colorectal cancer compared with healthy tissues 11, highlighting an undefined potential function for this sensor in the development of cancer. Here, we found that mice lacking NLRC3 were hypersusceptible to colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis. The effect of NLRC3 was most dominant in enterocytes, where NLRC3 suppressed activation of the mTOR signalling pathways and inhibited cellular proliferation and stem-cell-derived organoid formation. NLRC3 associated with phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and blocked activation of the PI3K–dependent kinase AKT following engagement of growth factor receptors or TLR4. These findings unveiled a key role for NLRC3 as an inhibitor of the mTOR pathways mediating protection against colorectal cancer.
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Gupta P, Srivastav S, Saha S, Das PK, Ukil A. Leishmania donovani inhibits macrophage apoptosis and pro-inflammatory response through AKT-mediated regulation of β-catenin and FOXO-1. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1815-1826. [PMID: 27662364 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to establish infection, intra-macrophage parasite Leishmania donovani needs to inhibit host defense parameters like inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that the parasite achieves both by exploiting a single host regulator AKT for modulating its downstream transcription factors, β-catenin and FOXO-1. L. donovani-infected RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) treated with AKT inhibitor or dominant negative AKT constructs showed decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine production and increased host cell apoptosis resulting in reduced parasite survival. Infection-induced activated AKT triggered phosphorylation-mediated deactivation of its downstream target, GSK-3β. Inactivated GSK-3β, in turn, could no longer sequester cytosolic β-catenin, an anti-apoptotic transcriptional regulator, as evidenced from its nuclear translocation during infection. Constitutively active GSK-3β-transfected L. donovani-infected cells mimicked the effects of AKT inhibition and siRNA-mediated silencing of β-catenin led to disruption of mitochondrial potential along with increased caspase-3 activity and IL-12 production leading to decreased parasite survival. In addition to activating anti-apoptotic β-catenin, phospho-AKT inhibits activation of FOXO-1, a pro-apoptotic transcriptional regulator. Nuclear retention of FOXO-1, inhibited during infection, was reversed when infected cells were transfected with dominant negative AKT constructs. Overexpression of FOXO-1 in infected macrophages not only documented increased apoptosis but promoted enhanced TLR4 expression and NF-κB activity along with an increase in IL-1β and decrease in IL-10 secretion. In vivo administration of AKT inhibitor significantly decreased liver and spleen parasite burden and switched cytokine balance in favor of host. In contrast, GSK-3β inhibitor did not result in any significant change in infectivity parameters. Collectively our findings revealed that L. donovani triggered AKT activation to regulate GSK-3β/β-catenin/FOXO-1 axis, thus ensuring inhibition of both host cell apoptosis and immune response essential for its intra-macrophage survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Supriya Srivastav
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shriya Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pijush K Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anindita Ukil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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Wu Y, Cui J, Zhang X, Gao S, Ma F, Yao H, Sun X, He Y, Yin Y, Xu W. Pneumococcal DnaJ modulates dendritic cell-mediated Th1 and Th17 immune responses through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Immunobiology 2016; 222:384-393. [PMID: 27594384 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal DnaJ was recently shown to be a potential protein vaccine antigen that induces strong Th1 and Th17 immune response against streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. However, how DnaJ mediates T cell immune response against S. pneumoniae infection has not been addressed. Here, we investigate whether DnaJ contributes to the development of T cell immunity through the activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). We found that endotoxin-free recombinant DnaJ (rDnaJ) induced activation and maturation of BMDCs via recognition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways. rDnaJ-treated BMDCs effectively stimulated naïve CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-17A. Splenocytes from mice that were adoptively transferred with rDnaJ-pulsed BMDCs secreted higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A compared with those that received PBS-activated BMDCs. Splenocytes from TLR4-/- mice immunized with rDnaJ produced lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A compared with those from wild type mice. Our findings indicate that DnaJ can induce Th1 and Th17 immune responses against S. pneumoniae through activation of BMDCs in a TLR4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000,China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Ma
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Yao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujuan He
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Gonzalez P, Rodríguez FJ. Analysis of the expression of the Wnt family of proteins and its modulatory role on cytokine expression in non activated and activated astroglial cells. Neurosci Res 2016; 114:16-29. [PMID: 27562517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the essential functions of astrocytes and the emerging relevance of the Wnt family of proteins in the CNS under physiological and pathological conditions, the astroglial expression of this family of proteins and its potential modulatory role on astroglial activation is almost unknown. Thus, we have evaluated the expression of all Wnt ligands, receptors and regulators, and the activation state of Wnt-related signaling pathways in non-activated and differentially activated astroglial cultures. We found that numerous Wnt ligands, receptors and regulators were expressed in non-activated astrocytes, while the Wnt-dependent pathways were constitutively active. Moreover, the expression of most detectable Wnt-related molecules and the activity of the Wnt-dependent pathways suffered post-activation variations which frequently depended on the activation system. Finally, the analysis of the effects exerted by Wnt1 and 5a on the astroglial expression of prototypical genes related to astroglial activation showed that both Wnt ligands increased the astroglial expression of interleukin 1β depending on the experimental context, while did not modulate tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, transforming growth factor β1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. These results strongly suggest that the Wnt family of proteins is involved in how astrocytes modulate and respond to the physiological and pathological CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Model-Based Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression Patterns of Activated Macrophages. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005018. [PMID: 27464342 PMCID: PMC4963125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are cells with remarkable plasticity. They integrate signals from their microenvironment leading to context-dependent polarization into classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages, representing two extremes of a broad spectrum of divergent phenotypes. Thereby, macrophages deliver protective and pro-regenerative signals towards injured tissue but, depending on the eliciting damage, may also be responsible for the generation and aggravation of tissue injury. Although incompletely understood, there is emerging evidence that macrophage polarization is critical for these antagonistic roles. To identify activation-specific expression patterns of chemokines and cytokines that may confer these distinct effects a systems biology approach was applied. A comprehensive literature-based Boolean model was developed to describe the M1 (LPS-activated) and M2 (IL-4/13-activated) polarization types. The model was validated using high-throughput transcript expression data from murine bone marrow derived macrophages. By dynamic modeling of gene expression, the chronology of pathway activation and autocrine signaling was estimated. Our results provide a deepened understanding of the physiological balance leading to M1/M2 activation, indicating the relevance of co-regulatory signals at the level of Akt1 or Akt2 that may be important for directing macrophage polarization. Macrophages are essential cells of the immune system and indispensable for a defense against bacterial infection. They reside as resting, immune modulatory cells in several tissues of the human body where they continuously sense inputs from their local environment. They react to stimuli such as toxins, injury or bacterial products in a process termed macrophage activation or polarization. For example, the bacterial component lipopolysaccharide induces so-called classical activation of macrophages into the M1 phenotype that secretes a number of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leading to killing of bacteria and resolution of inflammation. Another prominent phenotype of macrophages is the M2 polarization state that is associated with wound healing and tissue regeneration. Unbalanced activation of macrophages is implicated in a number of diseases. An improved knowledge and extensive characterization of these macrophages as well as the factors determining their phenotypes will improve the understanding of the role of macrophages in disease progression.
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Kohler TP, Scholz A, Kiachludis D, Hammerschmidt S. Induction of Central Host Signaling Kinases during Pneumococcal Infection of Human THP-1 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:48. [PMID: 27200303 PMCID: PMC4844997 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a widespread colonizer of the mucosal epithelia of the upper respiratory tract of human. However, pneumococci are also responsible for numerous local as well as severe systemic infections, especially in children under the age of five and the elderly. Under certain conditions, pneumococci are able to conquer the epithelial barrier, which can lead to a dissemination of the bacteria into underlying tissues and the bloodstream. Here, specialized macrophages represent an essential part of the innate immune system against bacterial intruders. Recognition of the bacteria through different receptors on the surface of macrophages leads thereby to an uptake and elimination of bacteria. Accompanied cytokine release triggers the migration of leukocytes from peripheral blood to the site of infection, where monocytes differentiate into mature macrophages. The rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton during phagocytosis, resulting in the engulfment of bacteria, is thereby tightly regulated by receptor-mediated phosphorylation cascades of different protein kinases. The molecular cellular processes including the modulation of central protein kinases are only partially solved. In this study, the human monocytic THP-1 cell line was used as a model system to examine the activation of Fcγ and complement receptor-independent signal cascades during infection with S. pneumoniae. Pneumococci cultured either in chemically defined or complex medium showed no significant differences in pneumococcal phagocytosis by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) differentiated THP-1 cells. Double immuno-fluorescence microscopy and antibiotic protection assays demonstrated a time-dependent uptake and killing of S. pneumoniae 35A inside of macrophages. Infections of THP-1 cells in the presence of specific pharmacological inhibitors revealed a crucial role of actin polymerization and importance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Protein kinase B (Akt) as well during bacterial uptake. The participation of essential host cell signaling kinases in pneumococcal phagocytosis was deciphered for the kinase Akt, ERK1/2, and p38 and phosphoimmunoblots showed an increased phosphorylation and thus activation upon infection with pneumococci. Taken together, this study deciphers host cell kinases in innate immune cells that are induced upon infection with pneumococci and interfere with bacterial clearance after phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Kohler
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annemarie Scholz
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Delia Kiachludis
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
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32
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Xiang F, Ni Z, Zhan Y, Kong Q, Xu J, Jiang J, Wu R, Kang X. Increased expression of MyD88 and association with paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6017-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mahajan S, Saini A, Chandra V, Nanduri R, Kalra R, Bhagyaraj E, Khatri N, Gupta P. Nuclear Receptor Nr4a2 Promotes Alternative Polarization of Macrophages and Confers Protection in Sepsis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18304-14. [PMID: 25953901 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a2 is known to modulate both inflammatory and metabolic processes, but the mechanism by which it regulates innate inflammatory homeostasis has not been adequately addressed. This study shows that exposure to ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) robustly induces Nr4a2 and that this induction is tightly regulated by the PI3K-Akt signaling axis. Interestingly, exogenous expression of Nr4a2 in macrophages leads to their alternative phenotype with induction of genes that are prototypical M2 markers. Moreover, Nr4a2 transcriptionally activates arginase 1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that increased survival of animals in endotoxin-induced sepsis is Nr4a2-dependent. Thus our data identify a previously unknown role for Nr4a2 in the regulation of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mahajan
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ankita Saini
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Vemika Chandra
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Rashi Kalra
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Neeraj Khatri
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160036, India
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34
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Barabutis N, Dimitropoulou C, Birmpas C, Joshi A, Thangjam G, Catravas JD. p53 protects against LPS-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L776-87. [PMID: 25713322 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00334.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapies toward heart and blood vessel disorders may emerge from the development of Hsp90 inhibitors. Several independent studies suggest potent anti-inflammatory activities of those agents in human tissues. The molecular mechanisms responsible for their protective effects in the vasculature remain unclear. The present study demonstrates that the transcription factor p53, an Hsp90 client protein, is crucial for the maintenance of vascular integrity, protects again LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, and is involved in the mediation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Hsp90 inhibitors in lung tissues. p53 silencing by siRNA decreased transendothelial resistance (a measure of endothelial barrier function). A similar effect was induced by the p53 inhibitor pifithrin, which also potentiated the LPS-induced hyperpermeability in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). On the other hand, p53 induction by nutlin suppressed the LPS-induced vascular barrier dysfunction. LPS decreased p53 expression in lung tissues and that effect was blocked by pretreatment with Hsp90 inhibitors both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allyl-amino-demethoxy-geldanamycin suppressed the LPS-induced overexpression of the p53 negative regulator MDMX as well as p53 and MDM2 (another p53 negative regulator) phosphorylation in HLMVEC. Both negative p53 regulators were downregulated by LPS in vivo. Chemically induced p53 overexpression resulted in the suppression of LPS-induced RhoA activation and MLC2 phosphorylation, whereas p53 suppression caused the opposite effects. These observations reveal new mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory actions of Hsp90 inhibitors, i.e., the induction of the transcription factor p53, which in turn can orchestrate robust vascular anti-inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Atul Joshi
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - Gagan Thangjam
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, Virginia; and School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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Di Liddo R, Bertalot T, Schuster A, Schrenk S, Tasso A, Zanusso I, Conconi MT, Schäfer KH. Anti-inflammatory activity of Wnt signaling in enteric nervous system: in vitro preliminary evidences in rat primary cultures. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:23. [PMID: 25644719 PMCID: PMC4332439 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the last years, Wnt signaling was demonstrated to regulate inflammatory processes. In particular, an increased expression of Wnts and Frizzled receptors was reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis to exert both anti- and pro-inflammatory functions regulating the intestinal activated nuclear factor κB (NF-кB), TNFa release, and IL10 expression. Methods To investigate the role of Wnt pathway in the response of the enteric nervous system (ENS) to inflammation, neurons and glial cells from rat myenteric plexus were treated with exogenous Wnt3a and/or LPS with or without supporting neurotrophic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The immunophenotypical characterization by flow cytometry and the protein and gene expression analysis by qPCR and Western blotting were carried out. Results Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining evidenced that enteric neurons coexpressed Frizzled 9 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) while glial cells were immunoreactive to TLR4 and Wnt3a suggesting that canonical Wnt signaling is active in ENS. Under in vitro LPS treatment, Western blot analysis demonstrated an active cross talk between canonical Wnt signaling and NF-кB pathway that is essential to negatively control enteric neuronal response to inflammatory stimuli. Upon costimulation with LPS and Wnt3a, a significant anti-inflammatory activity was detected by RT-PCR based on an increased IL10 expression and a downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL1B, and interleukin 6 (IL6). When the availability of neurotrophic factors in ENS cultures was abolished, a changed cell reactivity by Wnt signaling was observed at basal conditions and after LPS treatment. Conclusions The results of this study suggested the existence of neuronal surveillance through FZD9 and Wnt3a in enteric myenteric plexus. Moreover, experimental evidences were provided to clarify the correlation among soluble trophic factors, Wnt signaling, and anti-inflammatory protection of ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Anne Schuster
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Sandra Schrenk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Alessia Tasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Zanusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Karl Herbert Schäfer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany.
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Yue Y, Wang Y, Li D, Song Z, Jiao H, Lin H. A central role for the mammalian target of rapamycin in LPS-induced anorexia in mice. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:37-47. [PMID: 25349249 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, induces profound anorexia. However, the LPS-provoked pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and the neural mechanisms underlying the development of anorexia are not clear. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of metabolism, cell growth, and protein synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether the mTOR pathway is involved in LPS-induced anorexia. Effects of LPS on hypothalamic gene/protein expression in mice were measured by RT-PCR or western blotting analysis. To determine whether inhibition of mTOR signaling could attenuate LPS-induced anorexia, we administered an i.c.v. injection of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, on LPS-treated male mice. In this study, we showed that LPS stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway through the enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR(Ser2448) and p70S6K(Thr389). We also showed that LPS administration increased the phosphorylation of FOXO1(Ser256), the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (P<0.05), and FOXO1/3a(Thr) (24) (/) (32) (P<0.01). Blocking the mTOR pathway significantly attenuated the LPS-induced anorexia by decreasing the phosphorylation of p70S6K(Thr389), FOXO1(Ser256), and FOXO1/3a(Thr) (24) (/) (32). These results suggest promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of LPS-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuang Yue
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease ControlDepartment of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease ControlDepartment of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease ControlDepartment of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease ControlDepartment of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease ControlDepartment of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease ControlDepartment of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
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Choi WS, Seo YB, Shin PG, Kim WY, Lee SY, Choi YJ, Kim GD. Veratric acid inhibits iNOS expression through the regulation of PI3K activation and histone acetylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:202-10. [PMID: 25352364 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated regulatory effects of veratric acid on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. NO production was significantly decreased by veratric acid in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction in nitric oxide production was induced by the downregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression. Veratric acid suppressed the LPS-induced effects on the regulatory and catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), comprised of p85, p110α, p110β and Akt. The acetylation of p300 and the phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) induced by LPS were downregulated following treatment with veratric acid; similar effects were observed following treatment with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt. The LPS-induced expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 decreased to basal levels following treatment with veratric acid, and its expression was also downregulated by LY294002. In the measurement of histone acetylation levels, the LPS-stimulated acetylation of histone H4 was significantly attenuated by veratric acid, and was also reduced following the inhibition of PI3K/Akt with LY294002. From our data, it can be concluded that veratric acid exerts a regulatory effect on LPS-induced iNOS expression. Our results suggest that veratric acid impedes the PI3K/Akt-mediated histone acetyl-transferase (HAT) activation and HDAC expression induced by LPS, thereby abrogating iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bae Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Gyun Shin
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical Life, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Bond WS, Rex TS. Evidence That Erythropoietin Modulates Neuroinflammation through Differential Action on Neurons, Astrocytes, and Microglia. Front Immunol 2014; 5:523. [PMID: 25374571 PMCID: PMC4205853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that modulate neuroinflammation are candidates as neuroprotective agents. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a known neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation, in part, by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we provide evidence that EPO also modulates neuroinflammation upstream of apoptosis by acting directly on glia. Further, the signaling induced by EPO may differ depending on cell type and context possibly as a result of activation of different receptors. While significant progress has been made in our understanding of EPO signaling, this review also identifies areas for future study in terms of the role of EPO in modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley S Bond
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA ; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Tonia S Rex
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA ; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
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Sáez PJ, Shoji KF, Aguirre A, Sáez JC. Regulation of hemichannels and gap junction channels by cytokines in antigen-presenting cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:742734. [PMID: 25301274 PMCID: PMC4180397 DOI: 10.1155/2014/742734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine and paracrine signals coordinate responses of several cell types of the immune system that provide efficient protection against different challenges. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) coordinate activation of this system via homocellular and heterocellular interactions. Cytokines constitute chemical intercellular signals among immune cells and might promote pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. During the last two decades, two membrane pathways for intercellular communication have been demonstrated in cells of the immune system. They are called hemichannels (HCs) and gap junction channels (GJCs) and provide new insights into the mechanisms of the orchestrated response of immune cells. GJCs and HCs are permeable to ions and small molecules, including signaling molecules. The direct intercellular transfer between contacting cells can be mediated by GJCs, whereas the release to or uptake from the extracellular milieu can be mediated by HCs. GJCs and HCs can be constituted by two protein families: connexins (Cxs) or pannexins (Panxs), which are present in almost all APCs, being Cx43 and Panx1 the most ubiquitous members of each protein family. In this review, we focus on the effects of different cytokines on the intercellular communication mediated by HCs and GJCs in APCs and their impact on purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J. Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kenji F. Shoji
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Adam Aguirre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 287, Playa Ancha, 2360103 Valparaíso, Chile
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Singh AR, Peirce SK, Joshi S, Durden DL. PTEN and PI-3 kinase inhibitors control LPS signaling and the lymphoproliferative response in the CD19+ B cell compartment. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:78-90. [PMID: 24881819 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), e.g. toll receptors (TLRs) that bind ligands within the microbiome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. LPS is a ligand for two TLR family members, TLR4 and RP105 which mediate LPS signaling in B cell proliferation and migration. Although LPS/TLR/RP105 signaling is well-studied; our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling these PRR signaling pathways remains incomplete. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for PTEN/PI-3K signaling in B cell selection and survival, however a role for PTEN/PI-3K in TLR4/RP105/LPS signaling in the B cell compartment has not been reported. Herein, we crossed a CD19cre and PTEN(fl/fl) mouse to generate a conditional PTEN knockout mouse in the CD19+ B cell compartment. These mice were further crossed with an IL-14α transgenic mouse to study the combined effect of PTEN deletion, PI-3K inhibition and expression of IL-14α (a cytokine originally identified as a B cell growth factor) in CD19+ B cell lymphoproliferation and response to LPS stimulation. Targeted deletion of PTEN and directed expression of IL-14α in the CD19+ B cell compartment (IL-14+PTEN-/-) lead to marked splenomegaly and altered spleen morphology at baseline due to expansion of marginal zone B cells, a phenotype that was exaggerated by treatment with the B cell mitogen and TLR4/RP105 ligand, LPS. Moreover, LPS stimulation of CD19+ cells isolated from these mice display increased proliferation, augmented AKT and NFκB activation as well as increased expression of c-myc and cyclinD1. Interestingly, treatment of LPS treated IL-14+PTEN-/- mice with a pan PI-3K inhibitor, SF1126, reduced splenomegaly, cell proliferation, c-myc and cyclin D1 expression in the CD19+ B cell compartment and normalized the splenic histopathologic architecture. These findings provide the direct evidence that PTEN and PI-3K inhibitors control TLR4/RP105/LPS signaling in the CD19+ B cell compartment and that pan PI-3 kinase inhibitors reverse the lymphoproliferative phenotype in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Singh
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan K Peirce
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shweta Joshi
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UCSD Rady Children׳s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Jambalganiin U, Tsolmongyn B, Koide N, Odkhuu E, Naiki Y, Komatsu T, Yoshida T, Yokochi T. A novel mechanism for inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by valproic acid. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:181-7. [PMID: 24631367 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of valproic acid (VPA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response was studied by using mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. VPA pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, but not nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. VPA reduced phosphorylation of MDM2, an ubiquitin ligase and then prevented LPS-induced p53 degradation, followed by enhanced p53 expression. Moreover, p53 small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the inhibitory action of VPA on LPS-induced NF-κB p65 transcriptional activation and further LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production. VPA prevented LPS-induced degradation of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and up-regulated the PTEN expression. Taken together, VPA was suggested to down-regulate LPS-induced NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity via impaired PI3K/Akt/MDM2 activation and enhanced p53 expression. A detailed mechanism for inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory response by VPA is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulziisaikhan Jambalganiin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmongyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naoki Koide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Erdenezaya Odkhuu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Naiki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takayuki Komatsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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Salcedo R, Cataisson C, Hasan U, Yuspa SH, Trinchieri G. MyD88 and its divergent toll in carcinogenesis. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:379-89. [PMID: 23660392 PMCID: PMC3847901 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like and interleukin-1 (IL-1) family receptors recognize microbial or endogenous ligands and inflammatory mediators, respectively, and with the exception of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), signal via the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). MyD88 is involved in oncogene-induced cell intrinsic inflammation and in cancer-associated extrinsic inflammation, and as such MyD88 contributes to skin, liver, pancreatic, and colon carcinogenesis, as well as sarcomagenesis. MyD88 is also protective, for example in oncogenic virus carcinogenesis or, acting downstream of IL-18R to strengthen mucosal repair, in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of the divergent effects of MyD88 and the balance of its protumor role in cancer-enhancing inflammation and immunity and its antitumor role in tissue homeostasis, repair, and immunity against the tumor or oncogenic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 217023, USA
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β-Catenin promotes host resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. J Infect 2013; 67:584-94. [PMID: 23911965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of β-catenin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) keratitis. METHODS Western-blot and immunostaining assay were used to determine the β-catenin protein expression in C57BL/6 (B6) corneas and in in vitro cultured murine cells including macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived neutrophils and A6(1) corneal epithelial cells. B6 mice were subconjunctivally injected with lentivirus expressing active mutant of β-catenin (β-cat-lentivirus) vs appropriate control (Ctl-lentivirus), and then infected with PA. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were examined using real-time PCR and ELISA, and bacterial burden was assessed using plate count assays both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS β-Catenin protein expression was decreased in B6 corneas, murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils and mouse A6(1) corneal epithelial cells after PA infection. Over-expression of β-catenin in B6 corneas significantly reduced the severity of corneal disease after PA infection, by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and bacterial burden. In vitro data further demonstrated that over-expression of β-catenin suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production but enhanced bacterial clearance in macrophages and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS β-Catenin reduces the severity of PA keratitis by decreasing corneal inflammation and bacterial burden.
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Essien B, Grasberger H, Romain RD, Law DJ, Veniaminova NA, Saqui-Salces M, El-Zaatari M, Tessier A, Hayes MM, Yang AC, Merchant JL. ZBP-89 regulates expression of tryptophan hydroxylase I and mucosal defense against Salmonella typhimurium in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1466-77, 1477.e1-9. [PMID: 23395646 PMCID: PMC3665710 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS ZBP-89 (also ZNF148 or Zfp148) is a butyrate-inducible zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich DNA elements. Deletion of the N-terminal domain is sufficient to increase mucosal susceptibility to chemical injury and inflammation. We investigated whether conditional deletion of ZBP-89 from the intestinal and colonic epithelium of mice increases their susceptibility to pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium. METHODS We generated mice with a conditional null allele of Zfp148 (ZBP-89(FL/FL)) using homologous recombination to flank Zfp148 with LoxP sites (ZBP-89(FL/FL)), and then bred the resulting mice with those that express VillinCre. We used microarray analysis to compare gene expression patterns in colonic mucosa between ZBP-89(ΔInt) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice (controls). Mice were gavaged with 2 isogenic strains of S. typhimurium after administration of streptomycin. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that the colonic mucosa of ZBP-89(ΔInt) mice had reduced levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) messenger RNA, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in enterochromaffin cell serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]) biosynthesis. DNA affinity precipitation demonstrated direct binding of ZBP-89 to the mouse Tph1 promoter, which was required for its basal and butyrate-inducible expression. ZBP-89(ΔInt) mice did not increase mucosal levels of 5HT in response to S. typhimurium infection, and succumbed to the infection 2 days before control mice. The ΔhilA isogenic mutant of S. typhimurium lacks this butyrate-regulated locus and stimulated, rather than suppressed, expression of Tph1 approximately 50-fold in control, but not ZBP-89(ΔInt), mice, correlating with fecal levels of butyrate. CONCLUSIONS ZBP-89 is required for butyrate-induced expression of the Tph1 gene and subsequent production of 5HT in response to bacterial infection in mice. Reductions in epithelial ZBP-89 increase susceptibility to colitis and sepsis after infection with S. typhimurium, partly because of reduced induction of 5HT production in response to butyrate and decreased secretion of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Essien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rachael D. Romain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David J. Law
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Natalia A. Veniaminova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Milena Saqui-Salces
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arthur Tessier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael M. Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alexander C. Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Juanita L. Merchant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Santaolalla R, Sussman DA, Ruiz JR, Davies JM, Pastorini C, España CL, Sotolongo J, Burlingame O, Bejarano PA, Philip S, Ahmed MM, Ko J, Dirisina R, Barrett TA, Shang L, Lira SA, Fukata M, Abreu MT. TLR4 activates the β-catenin pathway to cause intestinal neoplasia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63298. [PMID: 23691015 PMCID: PMC3653932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic bacteria have been implicated in the development of colon cancer. We have previously demonstrated that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is over-expressed in humans with colitis-associated cancer. Genetic epidemiologic data support a role for TLR4 in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) as well, with over-expression favoring more aggressive disease. The goal of our study was to determine whether TLR4 played a role as a tumor promoter in sporadic colon cancer. Using immunofluorescence directed to TLR4, we found that a third of sporadic human colorectal cancers over-express this marker. To mechanistically investigate this observation, we used a mouse model that over-expresses TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium (villin-TLR4 mice). We found that these transgenic mice had increased epithelial proliferation as measured by BrdU labeling, longer colonic crypts and an expansion of Lgr5+ crypt cells at baseline. In addition, villin-TLR4 mice developed spontaneous duodenal dysplasia with age, a feature that is not seen in any wild-type (WT) mice. To model human sporadic CRC, we administered the genotoxic agent azoxymethane (AOM) to villin-TLR4 and WT mice. We found that villin-TLR4 mice showed an increased number of colonic tumors compared to WT mice as well as increased β-catenin activation in non-dysplastic areas. Biochemical studies in colonic epithelial cell lines revealed that TLR4 activates β-catenin in a PI3K-dependent manner, increasing phosphorylation of β-catenin(Ser552), a phenomenon associated with activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. Our results suggest that TLR4 can trigger a neoplastic program through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our studies highlight a previously unexplored link between innate immune signaling and activation of oncogenic pathways, which may be targeted to prevent or treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Santaolalla
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Sussman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Davies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cristhine Pastorini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cecilia L. España
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John Sotolongo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Oname Burlingame
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pablo A. Bejarano
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sakhi Philip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mansoor M. Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ramanarao Dirisina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Terrence A. Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Limin Shang
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Fukata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Liang B, Chen R, Wang T, Cao L, Liu Y, Yin F, Zhu M, Fan X, Liang Y, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao J. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 promotes growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2905-16. [PMID: 23549880 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its prognostic value in patients with HCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of MyD88 was detected by immunohistochemistry in surgical HCC specimens (n = 110). The correlation of MyD88 expression to clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. The involvement of MyD88 in tumor growth and invasion was investigated. RESULTS The expression of MyD88 was significantly higher in HCC tumors than that in adjacent nontumor tissues. Particularly, high expression of MyD88 was found in HCCs with late tumor stage (P = 0.029). Patients with high MyD88 staining revealed a higher recurrence rate (65% vs. 40%; P = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.011) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.022) were significantly worse among patients with high MyD88 staining. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that MyD88 was an independent predictor for OS and RFS. Ectopic expression of MyD88 promoted HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Suppression of MyD88 expression with lentivirus encoding short hairpin RNA reduced tumor growth and invasion, as well as lung metastasis. Finally, silencing of MyD88 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and AKT in HCC cells, whereas forced expression of MyD88 was able to enhance the activation of NF-κB and p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase without Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) signaling. CONCLUSION Elevated expression of MyD88 may promote tumor growth and metastasis via both TLR/IL-1R-dependent and -independent signaling and may serve as a biomarker for prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Zhou W, Yang Y, Xia J, Wang H, Salama ME, Xiong W, Xu H, Shetty S, Chen T, Zeng Z, Shi L, Zangari M, Miles R, Bearss D, Tricot G, Zhan F. NEK2 induces drug resistance mainly through activation of efflux drug pumps and is associated with poor prognosis in myeloma and other cancers. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:48-62. [PMID: 23328480 PMCID: PMC3954609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using sequential gene expression profiling (GEP) samples, we defined a major functional group related to drug resistance that contains chromosomal instability (CIN) genes. One CIN gene in particular, NEK2, was highly correlated with drug resistance, rapid relapse, and poor outcome in multiple cancers. Overexpressing NEK2 in cancer cells resulted in enhanced CIN, cell proliferation and drug resistance, while targeting NEK2 by NEK2 shRNA overcame cancer cell drug resistance and induced apoptosis in vitro and in a xenograft myeloma mouse model. High expression of NEK2 induced drug resistance mainly through activation of the efflux pumps. Thus, NEK2 represents a strong predictor for drug resistance and poor prognosis in cancer and could be an important target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Lab, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Shashirekha Shetty
- Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code LL2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tiehua Chen
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Rodney Miles
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Lab, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - David Bearss
- Physiology & Developmental Biology 471 WIDB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Guido Tricot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: (F. Z.), (G. T.)
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Correspondence: (F. Z.), (G. T.)
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Chan CS, Ming-Lum A, Golds GB, Lee SJ, Anderson RJ, Mui ALF. Interleukin-10 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α translation through a SHIP1-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38020-7. [PMID: 22955274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.348599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα by activated macrophages is an important component of host defense. However, TNFα production must be tightly controlled to avoid pathological consequences. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 inhibits TNFα mRNA expression through activation of the STAT3 transcription factor pathway and subsequent expression of STAT3-dependent gene products. We hypothesized that IL-10 must also have more rapid mechanisms of action and show that IL-10 rapidly shifts existing TNFα mRNA from polyribosome-associated polysomes to monosomes. This translation suppression requires the presence of SHIP1 (SH2 domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 1) and involves inhibition of Mnk1 (MAPK signal-integrating kinase 1). Furthermore, activating SHIP1 using a small-molecule agonist mimics the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on Mnk1 phosphorylation and TNFα translation. Our data support the existence of an alternative STAT3-independent pathway through SHIP1 for IL-10 to regulate TNFα translation during the anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Chan
- Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Promotion effect of acankoreoside J, a lupane-triterpene in Acanthopanax koreanum, on hair growth. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1495-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Akt1 and Akt2 protein kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9517-22. [PMID: 22647600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119038109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages are described as classically activated or M1 type and alternatively activated or M2 type, depending on their response to proinflammatory stimuli and the expression of genetic markers including iNOS, arginase1, Ym1, and Fizz1. Here we report that Akt kinases differentially contribute to macrophage polarization, with Akt1 ablation giving rise to an M1 and Akt2 ablation resulting in an M2 phenotype. Accordingly, Akt2(-/-) mice were more resistant to LPS-induced endotoxin shock and to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis than wild-type mice, whereas Akt1(-/-) mice were more sensitive. Cell depletion and reconstitution experiments in a DSS-induced colitis model confirmed that the effect was macrophage-dependent. Gene-silencing studies showed that the M2 phenotype of Akt2(-/-) macrophages was cell autonomous. The microRNA miR-155, whose expression was repressed in naive and in LPS-stimulated Akt2(-/-) macrophages, and its target C/EBPβ appear to play a key role in this process. C/EBPβ, a hallmark of M2 macrophages that regulates Arg1, was up-regulated upon Akt2 ablation or silencing. Overexpression or silencing of miR-155 confirmed its central role in Akt isoform-dependent M1/M2 polarization of macrophages.
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