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Sarkar N, Mishra R, Gopal C, Kumar A. miR-617 interacts with the promoter of DDX27 and positively regulates its expression: implications for cancer therapeutics. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1411539. [PMID: 38939334 PMCID: PMC11208480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1411539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pervasive transcription of the eukaryotic genome generates noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) represent a group of well-studied ncRNAs that maintain cellular homeostasis. Thus, any aberration in miRNA expression can cause diseases, including carcinogenesis. According to microRNA microarray analyses, intronic miR-617 is significantly downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues compared to normal oral tissues. Methods The miR-617-mediated regulation of DDX27 is established by performing experiments on OSCC cell lines, patient samples, and xenograft nude mice model. Overexpression plasmid constructs, bisulphite sequencing PCR, bioinformatics analyses, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and cell-based assays are utilized to delineate the role of miR-617 in OSCC. Results The present study shows that miR-617 has an anti-proliferative role in OSCC cells and is partly downregulated in OSCC cells due to the hypermethylation of its independent promoter. Further, we demonstrate that miR-617 upregulates DDX27 gene by interacting with its promoter in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner, and this interaction is found to be biologically relevant in OSCC patient samples. Subsequently, we show that miR-617 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and anchorage-independent growth of OSCC cells by modulating DDX27 levels. Besides, our study shows that miR-617 exerts its effects through the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway via regulating DDX27 levels. Furthermore, the OSCC xenograft study in nude mice shows the anti-tumorigenic potential of miR-617. Conclusion miR-617-mediated upregulation of DDX27 is a novel mechanism in OSCC and underscores the therapeutic potential of synthetic miR-617 mimics in cancer therapeutics. To the best of our knowledge, miR-617 is the 15th example of a miRNA that upregulates the expression of a protein-coding gene by interacting with its promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Sarkar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Radha Mishra
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Champaka Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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2
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Wang W, Ding M, Wang Q, Song Y, Huo K, Chen X, Xiang Z, Liu L. Advances in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Treg) and key factors in digestive malignancies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404974. [PMID: 38919615 PMCID: PMC11196412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Treg) play a role in regulating various types of tumors, but uncertainty still exists regarding the exact mechanism underlying Foxp3+ Treg activation in gastrointestinal malignancies. As of now, research has shown that Foxp3+ Treg expression, altered glucose metabolism, or a hypoxic tumor microenvironment all affect Foxp3+ Treg function in the bodies of tumor patients. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that post-translational modifications are essential for mature Foxp3 to function properly. Additionally, a considerable number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the activation of the Foxp3 signaling pathway. These mechanisms regulating Foxp3 may one day serve as potential therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal malignancies. This review primarily focuses on the properties and capabilities of Foxp3 and Foxp3+Treg. It emphasizes the advancement of research on the regulatory mechanisms of Foxp3 in different malignant tumors of the digestive system, providing new insights for the exploration of anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Minglu Ding
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Mudanjiang Hospital for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yidan Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Keyuan Huo
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zihan Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
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A Mutation in Endogenous saRNA miR-23a Influences Granulosa Cells Response to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061174. [PMID: 35740072 PMCID: PMC9219974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes are the result of the interaction between the gene and the environment, so the response of individuals with different genotypes to an environment is variable. Here, we reported that a mutation in miR-23a influences granulosa cells (GCs) response to oxidative stress, a common mechanism of environmental factors affecting female reproduction. We showed that nuclear miR-23a is a pro-apoptotic miRNA in porcine GCs through the activation of the transcription and function of NORHA, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) induces GC apoptosis and responses to oxidative stress. Mechanistically, miR-23a acts as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) to alter histone modifications of the NORHA promoter through the direct binding to its core promoter. A C > T mutation was identified at −398 nt of the miR-23a core promoter, which created a novel binding site for the transcription factor SMAD4 and recruited the transcription repressor SMAD4 to inhibit miR-23a transcription and function in GCs. Notably, g.−398C > T mutation in the miR-23a promoter reduced GCs response to oxidative stress. In addition, g.−398C > T mutation was significantly associated with sow fertility traits. In short, our findings preliminarily revealed the genetic basis of individual differences in the response to oxidative stress from the perspective of a single mutation and identified miR-23a as a candidate gene for the environmental adaptation to oxidative stress.
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Liu J, Yang T, Huang Z, Chen H, Bai Y. Transcriptional regulation of nuclear miRNAs in tumorigenesis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:92. [PMID: 35593304 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a type of endogenous non‑coding small RNA that regulates gene expression. miRNAs regulate gene expression at the post‑transcriptional level by targeting the 3'‑untranslated region (3'UTR) of cytoplasmic messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Recent research has confirmed the presence of mature miRNAs in the nucleus, which bind nascent RNA transcripts, gene promoter or enhancer regions, and regulate gene expression via epigenetic pathways. Some miRNAs have been shown to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by modulating molecular pathways involved in human cancers. Notably, a novel molecular mechanism underlying the dysregulation of miRNA expression in cancer has recently been discovered, indicating that miRNAs may be involved in tumorigenesis via a nuclear function that influences gene transcription and epigenetic states, elucidating their potential therapeutic implications. The present review article discusses the import of nuclear miRNAs, nucleus‑cytoplasm transport mechanisms and the nuclear functions of miRNAs in cancer. In addition, some software tools for predicting miRNA binding sites are also discussed. Nuclear miRNAs supplement miRNA regulatory networks in cancer as a non‑canonical aspect of miRNA action. Further research into this aspect may be critical for understanding the role of nuclear miRNAs in the development of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, P.R. China
| | - Tianhao Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, P.R. China
| | - Zishen Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, P.R. China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, P.R. China
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Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Podgajna M, Grywalska E. The Importance of the Transcription Factor Foxp3 in the Development of Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040947. [PMID: 35207219 PMCID: PMC8874698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are an extremely important group of proteins that are responsible for the process of selective activation or deactivation of other cellular proteins, usually at the last stage of signal transmission in the cell. An important family of transcription factors that regulate the body’s response is the FOX family which plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The members of this family include the intracellular protein Foxp3, which regulates the process of differentiation of the T lymphocyte subpopulation, and more precisely, is responsible for the development of regulatory T lymphocytes. This protein influences several cellular processes both directly and indirectly. In the process of cytokine production regulation, the Foxp3 protein interacts with numerous proteins and transcription factors such as NFAT, nuclear factor kappa B, and Runx1/AML1 and is involved in the process of histone acetylation in condensed chromatin. Malfunctioning of transcription factor Foxp3 caused by the mutagenesis process affects the development of disorders of the immune response and autoimmune diseases. This applies to the impairment or inability of the immune system to fight infections due to a disruption of the mechanisms supporting immune homeostasis which in turn leads to the development of a special group of disorders called primary immunodeficiencies (PID). The aim of this review is to provide information on the role of the Foxp3 protein in the human body and its involvement in the development of two types of primary immunodeficiency diseases: IPEX (Immunodysregulation Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked syndrome) and CVID (Common Variable Immunodeficiency).
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Liu W, Lin Y, Zhang H, Yu F. NSAIDs Sensitize Melanoma Cells to MEK Inhibition and Inhibit Metastasis and Relapse by Inducing Degradation of AXL. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 35:238-251. [PMID: 34748282 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is highly heterogeneous with diverse genomic alterations and partial therapeutic responses. Emergence of drug-resistant tumor cell clones accompanied with high AXL expression level is one of the major challenges for anti-tumor clinical care. Recent studies have demonstrated that high AXL expression in melanoma cells mediated drug-resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elevated survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Given that we have identified several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including Aspirin potently induce the degradation of AXL, we questioned whether NSAIDs could counteract the AXL-mediated neoplastic phenotypes. Here we found NSAIDs downregulate PKA activity via the PGE2 /EP2/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and interrupt the PKA-dependent interaction between CDC37 and HSP90, resulting in an incorrect AXL protein folding and finally AXL degradation through the ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS) pathway. Furthermore, NSAIDs not only sensitized the MEK inhibitor treatment, but also reduced EMT and relapse mediate by AXL in tumor tissue. Our findings suggest that the combination of inhibitors and NSAIDs, especially Aspirin, could be a simple but efficient modality to treat melanoma in which AXL is a key factor for drug-resistance, metastasis, and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yingtong Lin
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Roberts LB, Kapoor P, Howard JK, Shah AM, Lord GM. An update on the roles of immune system-derived microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2434-2449. [PMID: 33483751 PMCID: PMC8562329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of human death worldwide. Over the past two decades, the emerging field of cardioimmunology has demonstrated how cells of the immune system play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular identity and function. Cell-intrinsic, as well as cell-extrinsic, roles of immune and inflammatory cell-derived miRNAs have been, and continue to be, extensively studied. Several 'immuno-miRNAs' appear to be specifically expressed or demonstrate greatly enriched expression within leucocytes. Identification of miRNAs as critical regulators of immune system signalling pathways has posed the question of whether and how targeting these molecules therapeutically, may afford opportunities for disease treatment and/or management. As the field of cardioimmunology rapidly continues to advance, this review discusses findings from recent human and murine studies which contribute to our understanding of how leucocytes of innate and adaptive immunity are regulated-and may also regulate other cell types, via the actions of the miRNAs they express, in the context of CVD. Finally, we focus on available information regarding miRNA regulation of regulatory T cells and argue that targeted manipulation of miRNA regulated pathways in these cells may hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of CVD and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Puja Kapoor
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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miR-2337 induces TGF-β1 production in granulosa cells by acting as an endogenous small activating RNA. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:253. [PMID: 34537818 PMCID: PMC8449777 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is essential for ovarian function and female fertility in mammals. Herein, we identified three completely linked variants, including two known variants referred to as c.1583A > G and c.1587A > G and the novel variant c.2074A > C in the porcine TGF-β1 3′-UTR. An important role of these variants in Yorkshire sow fertility was revealed. Variants c.1583A > G and c.1587A > G were located at the miRNA response element (MRE) of miR-2337 and affected miR-2337 regulation of TGF-β1 3′-UTR activity. Interestingly, miR-2337 induces, not reduces the transcription and production of TGF-β1 in granulosa cells (GCs). Mechanistically, miR-2337 enhances TGF-β1 promoter activity via the MRE motif in the core promoter region and alters histone modifications, including H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K9me2, and H3K9ac. In addition, miR-2337 controls TGF-β1-mediated activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway and GC apoptosis. Taken together, our findings identify miR-2337 as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) of TGF-β1 in GCs, while miR-2337 is identified as a small activator of the TGF-β signaling pathway which is expected to be a new target for rescuing GC apoptosis and treating low fertility.
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Guo WW, Su XH, Wang MY, Han MZ, Feng XM, Jiang EL. Regulatory T Cells in GVHD Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697854. [PMID: 34220860 PMCID: PMC8250864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common complication and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Pharmacological immunosuppression used in GVHD prophylaxis and treatment lacks specificity and can increase the likelihood of infection and relapse. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play a vital role in restraining excessive immune responses and inducing peripheral immune tolerance. In particular, clinical trials have demonstrated that Tregs can prevent and treat GVHD, without increasing the risk of relapse and infection. Hence, adoptive transfer of Tregs to control GVHD using their immunosuppressive properties represents a promising therapeutic approach. To optimally apply Tregs for control of GVHD, a thorough understanding of their biology is necessary. In this review, we describe the biological characteristics of Tregs, including how the stability of FOXP3 expression can be maintained. We will also discuss the mechanisms underlying Tregs-mediated modulation of GVHD and approaches to effectively increase Tregs’ numbers. Finally, we will examine the developing trends in the use of Tregs for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Su
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Er-Lie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Y, Hu H, Liu W, Yan SM, Li Y, Tan L, Chen Y, Liu J, Peng Z, Yuan Y, Huang W, Yu F, He X, Li B, Zhang H. Amino acids and RagD potentiate mTORC1 activation in CD8 + T cells to confer antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002137. [PMID: 33883257 PMCID: PMC8061841 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells are able to suppress antitumor immunity by competing for essential nutrients, including amino acids. However, whether amino acid depletion modulates the activity of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is unclear. METHOD In this study, we evaluated the roles of amino acids and the Rag complex in regulating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in CD8+ TILs. RESULTS We discovered that the Rag complex, particularly RagD, was crucial for CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity. RagD expression was positively correlated with the antitumor response of CD8+ TILs in both murine syngeneic tumor xenografts and clinical human colon cancer samples. On RagD deficiency, CD8+ T cells were rendered more dysfunctional, as demonstrated by attenuation of mTORC1 signaling and reductions in proliferation and cytokine secretion. Amino acids maintained RagD-mediated mTORC1 translocation to the lysosome, thereby achieving maximal mTORC1 activity in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the limited T-cell access to leucine (LEU), overshadowed by tumor cell amino acid consumption, led to impaired RagD-dependent mTORC1 activity. Finally, combined with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 antibody, LEU supplementation improved T-cell immunity in MC38 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that robust signaling of amino acids by RagD and downstream mTORC1 signaling were crucial for T-cell receptor-initiated antitumor immunity. The characterization the role of RagD and LEU in nutrient mTORC1 signaling in TILs might suggest potential therapeutic strategies based on the manipulation of RagD and its upstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrong Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhuang Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Yingshi Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhilin Peng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yu Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Wei W. Advances in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease with immunomodulatory cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107349. [PMID: 33486323 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been widely used to treat hematological malignancies and genetic diseases. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) induced by donor immune system is the most common complication, contributing to severe morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT. Currently, in terms of the prevention and treatment of GVHD, the major first-line therapeutic drugs are corticosteroids. However, most patients with systemic corticosteroid treatment are prone to steroid-refractory and poor prognosis. The use of several immune cells including Tregs, Bregs and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as an alternative on prevention or therapy of GVHD has been demonstrated to be beneficial. However, there are still many defects to a certain degree. Based on immune cells, it is promising to develop new and better approaches to improve GVHD. In this article, we will review the current advance of immune cells (Tregs, Bregs, MSCs) with negative regulation in the treatment of GVHD and present emerging strategies for the prevention and treatment of GVHD by other immune regulatory cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tregs. In addition, these new therapeutic options need to be further evaluated in well-designed prospective multicenter trials to determine the optimal treatment for GVHD patients and improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China.
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Kolosowska N, Gotkiewicz M, Dhungana H, Giudice L, Giugno R, Box D, Huuskonen MT, Korhonen P, Scoyni F, Kanninen KM, Ylä-Herttuala S, Turunen TA, Turunen MP, Koistinaho J, Malm T. Intracerebral overexpression of miR-669c is protective in mouse ischemic stroke model by targeting MyD88 and inducing alternative microglial/macrophage activation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:194. [PMID: 32560730 PMCID: PMC7304130 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease without a cure. The available treatments for ischemic stroke, thrombolysis by tissue plasminogen activator, and thrombectomy are suitable only to a fraction of patients and thus novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The neuroinflammatory responses elicited secondary to the ischemic attack further aggravate the stroke-induced neuronal damage. It has been demonstrated that these responses are regulated at the level of non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs. Methods We utilized lentiviral vectors to overexpress miR-669c in BV2 microglial cells in order to modulate their polarization. To detect whether the modulation of microglial activation by miR-669c provides protection in a mouse model of transient focal ischemic stroke, miR-669c overexpression was driven by a lentiviral vector injected into the striatum prior to induction of ischemic stroke. Results Here, we demonstrate that miR-669c-3p, a member of chromosome 2 miRNA cluster (C2MC), is induced upon hypoxic and excitotoxic conditions in vitro and in two different in vivo models of stroke. Rather than directly regulating the neuronal survival in vitro, miR-669c is capable of attenuating the microglial proinflammatory activation in vitro and inducing the expression of microglial alternative activation markers arginase 1 (Arg1), chitinase-like 3 (Ym1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Intracerebral overexpression of miR-669c significantly decreased the ischemia-induced cell death and ameliorated the stroke-induced neurological deficits both at 1 and 3 days post injury (dpi). Albeit miR-669c overexpression failed to alter the overall Iba1 protein immunoreactivity, it significantly elevated Arg1 levels in the ischemic brain and increased colocalization of Arg1 and Iba1. Moreover, miR-669c overexpression under cerebral ischemia influenced several morphological characteristics of Iba1 positive cells. We further demonstrate the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) transcript as a direct target for miR-669c-3p in vitro and show reduced levels of MyD88 in miR-669c overexpressing ischemic brains in vivo. Conclusions Collectively, our data provide the evidence that miR-669c-3p is protective in a mouse model of ischemic stroke through enhancement of the alternative microglial/macrophage activation and inhibition of MyD88 signaling. Our results accentuate the importance of controlling miRNA-regulated responses for the therapeutic benefit in conditions of stroke and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kolosowska
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Gotkiewicz
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daphne Box
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Flavia Scoyni
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia A Turunen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko P Turunen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Nie X, He M, Wang J, Chen P, Wang F, Lai J, Li C, Yu T, Zuo H, Cui G, Miao K, Jiang J, Wang DW, Chen C. Circulating miR-4763-3p Is a Novel Potential Biomarker Candidate for Human Adult Fulminant Myocarditis. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 17:1079-1087. [PMID: 32478123 PMCID: PMC7248292 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers in various diseases. However, whether they could serve as biomarkers for human adult fulminant myocarditis (FM) is unknown. Circulating miRNA expression profiles were detected by microarray analysis and validated by quantitative real-time PCR arrays. Meanwhile, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to determine the critical roles of these circulating miRNAs in FM. Moreover, correlation analysis was employed between miRNAs and the parameters of cardiac functions in FM. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of circulating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in FM diagnosis were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Both microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-4763-3p and miR-4281 were upregulated in the plasma of FM at the onset, and their levels were restored as the clinical symptom recovered. The predicted target genes of miR-4763-3p and miR-4281 are involved in several pathways, mainly inflammatory and cardiac injury response. Moreover, the miRNAs enrichment was negatively correlated with the severity of FM. In addition, the expression levels of circulating miR-4763-3p were unchanged in myocardial infarction (MI) patients but showed high sensitivity and specificity for FM diagnosis. This study provides a global profile of circulating miRNAs in patients with FM, among which miR-4763-3p could serve as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengying He
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Houjuan Zuo
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guanglin Cui
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Miao
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiangang Jiang
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:3232061. [PMID: 32322593 PMCID: PMC7154970 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3232061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of conserved, 20 nt-23 nt long, noncoding small RNAs that inhibit expression of their respective target genes in different cell types. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of T cells that negatively regulate immune responses, which is essential to immune homeostasis. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs play an important role in the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of Treg. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the roles of microRNAs in Treg and their dysregulation in immune-related diseases. This ongoing research continues to expand the understanding of Treg regulation and the mechanisms of immune disorders.
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15
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Colamatteo A, Carbone F, Bruzzaniti S, Galgani M, Fusco C, Maniscalco GT, Di Rella F, de Candia P, De Rosa V. Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Foxp3 Expression in Health and Autoimmunity: From Epigenetic to Post-translational Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3136. [PMID: 32117202 PMCID: PMC7008726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the transcription factor Forkhead box-p3 (Foxp3) has shed fundamental insights into the understanding of the molecular determinants leading to generation and maintenance of T regulatory (Treg) cells, a cell population with a key immunoregulatory role. Work over the past few years has shown that fine-tuned transcriptional and epigenetic events are required to ensure stable expression of Foxp3 in Treg cells. The equilibrium between phenotypic plasticity and stability of Treg cells is controlled at the molecular level by networks of transcription factors that bind regulatory sequences, such as enhancers and promoters, to regulate Foxp3 expression. Recent reports have suggested that specific modifications of DNA and histones are required for the establishment of the chromatin structure in conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) cells for their future differentiation into the Treg cell lineage. In this review, we discuss the molecular events that control Foxp3 gene expression and address the associated alterations observed in human diseases. Also, we explore how Foxp3 influences the gene expression programs in Treg cells and how unique properties of Treg cell subsets are defined by other transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Centro Regionale Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Clinical and Experimental Senology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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16
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Carneiro-Sampaio M, Moreira-Filho CA, Bando SY, Demengeot J, Coutinho A. Intrauterine IPEX. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:599283. [PMID: 33330291 PMCID: PMC7714920 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.599283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IPEX is one of the few Inborn Errors of Immunity that may manifest in the fetal period, and its intrauterine forms certainly represent the earliest human autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the clinical, histopathologic, and genetic findings from 21 individuals in 11 unrelated families, with nine different mutations, described as cases of intrauterine IPEX. Recurrent male fetal death (multigenerational in five families) due to hydrops in the midsemester of pregnancy was the commonest presentation (13/21). Noteworthy, in the affected families, there were only fetal- or perinatal-onset cases, with no affected individuals presenting milder forms with later-life manifestation. Most alive births were preterm (5/6). Skin desquamation and intrauterine growth restriction were observed in part of the cases. Fetal ultrasonography showed hyperechoic bowel or dilated bowel loops in the five cases with available imaging data. Histopathology showed multi-visceral infiltrates with T lymphocytes and other cells, including eosinophils, the pancreas being affected in most of the cases (11/21) and as early as at 18 weeks of gestational age. Regarding the nine FOXP3 mutations found in these cases, six determine protein truncation and three predictably impair protein function. Having found distinct presentations for the same FOXP3 mutation in different families, we resorted to the mouse system and showed that the scurfy mutation also shows divergent severity of phenotype and age of death in C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds. We also reviewed age-of-onset data from other monogenic Tregopathies leading to IPEX-like phenotypes. In monogenic IPEX-like syndromes, the intrauterine onset was only observed in two kindreds with IL2RB mutations, with two stillbirths and two premature neonates who did not survive. In conclusion, intrauterine IPEX cases seem to constitute a particular IPEX subgroup, certainly with the most severe clinical presentation, although no strict mutation-phenotype correlations could be drawn for these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-36, HCFMUSP), Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-36, HCFMUSP), Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Yumi Bando
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-36, HCFMUSP), Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Immature dendritic cells derived exosomes promotes immune tolerance by regulating T cell differentiation in renal transplantation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8911-8924. [PMID: 31655796 PMCID: PMC6834404 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of immature dendritic cells-derived exosomes (imDECs) in the regulation of T cell differentiation and immune tolerance in renal allograft model mice. Results: imDECs significantly improved the percent of survival, relieved inflammatory response, and reduced CD4+T cell infiltration. In addition, imDECs reduced the rejection associated cytokines in allograft mice, and increased the percentage of Foxp3+CD4+T cells in spleen and kidney tissues. imDECs suppressed the IL17+CD4+T cells and promoted the Foxp3+CD4+T cells under Th17 polarization condition. Moreover, miR-682 was found to be highly expressed in imDECs which suppressed the IL17+CD4+T cells and promoted the Foxp3+CD4+T cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed ROCK2 was a target of miR-682, and ROCK mRNA level was negative correlated with miR-682 mRNA level. Conclusion: miR-682 was highly expressed in imDECs, and imDECs-secreted miR-682 promoted Treg cell differentiation by negatively regulating ROCK2 to promote immune tolerance in renal allograft model mice. Methods: Renal allograft model mice were established, and imDECs or mature dendritic cells-derived exosomes (mDECs) were injected into model mice. Rejection associated cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17 levels in plasma were detected by ELISA. IL-17A, Foxp3, miR-682, ROCK2, p-STAT3, p-STAT5 expressions were measured by qRT-PCR or western blot.
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18
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Huang X, Gao Y, Qin J, Lu S. miR-214 Down-Regulation Promoted Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis Through TRAF1/ASK1/JNK Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1217-1225. [PMID: 30560327 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of miR-214 in the hepatocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (HIR) injury, mice model and in vitro HR model were established. miR-214, TRAF1, ASK1, and JNK expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The apoptosis of mouse hepatocyte AML12 was detected by flow cytometry analysis. The interaction between miR-214 and TRAF1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated in HIR injury mice compared with sham mice. miR-214 expression was down-regulated in liver tissues of HIR and H/R-induced hepatocytes, whereas TRAF1, ASK1, and JNK expressions were up-regulated in HIR and H/R groups. H/R stimulation promoted the apoptosis of hepatocytes, and miR-214 overexpression inhibited the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Besides, TRAF1 was a target of miR-214 and negatively regulated by miR-214. miR-214/TRAF1 pathway involved in the modulation of H/R-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes. In vivo study proved miR-214 reduced hepatic injury of HIR mice. CONCLUSION miR-214 overexpression reduces hepatocyte apoptosis after HIR injury through negatively regulating TRAF1/ASK1/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Huang
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Li X, Lu Y, Liu X, Xie X, Wang K, Yu D. Identification of chicken FSHR gene promoter and the correlations between polymorphisms and egg production in Chinese native hens. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:702-711. [PMID: 30702781 PMCID: PMC6850157 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Egg production is an important economic trait in poultry, and it is of great significance to study the key genes and functional SNPs that affect egg laying performance. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important physiological role in the reproductive performance of humans and animals by binding to its receptor (FSHR). Studies have shown that there are many transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5′ flanking region of the FSHR gene that interact with transcription factors to regulate FSHR transcription. In this study, DNA sequencing was used to identify SNPs in the FSHR promoter sequence in both Dongxiang and Suken chickens. To detect the activity of the chicken FSHR gene promoter, we analysed the characteristics of the sequence and constructed three deletion vectors. We confirmed that the region (−18/−544) was the core promoter. Furthermore, five polymorphisms, including a 200‐bp indel at −869, C−1684T, C−1608T, G−368A and T−238A, were detected in both the Dongxiang and Suken chickens. The age at first egg (AFE) for different genotype of −869 indel in Suken chicken was significantly different (p < 0.01). For SNP C−1684T in Dongxiang chickens, the CC genotype had higher egg number at 43 weeks of age (E43) than that of the TC genotype (p < 0.05). For SNP C−1684T in Suken chickens, the TC genotype had higher AFE than that of the CC genotype (p < 0.05). For SNP C−1608T in Suken chickens, the CC genotype had higher AFE than that of the TC genotype (p < 0.05). For SNP G−368A in Suken chickens, the AG genotype had higher AFE than that of the GG genotype (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Hu L, Mao L, Liu S, Zhao J, Chen C, Guo M, He Z, Yang J, Xu W, Xu L. Functional Role of MicroRNAs in Thymocyte Development. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 178:315-322. [PMID: 30861526 DOI: 10.1159/000496093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding single-stranded RNAs widely distributed in eukaryotes, which can modulate target gene expression at posttranscriptional level and participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Related studies have shown that mi-RNAs are instrumental to many aspects of immunity, including various levels of T-cell immunity. In addition, multiple miRNAs have been ascribed key roles in T-cell development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we highlight the current literature regarding the functional role of miRNAs at various stages of thymocyte development. A better understanding of the relationship between miRNAs and thymocyte development is helpful for the exploration of the exact roles of miRNAs in the development and function of the immune system, as well as related clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of the Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China, .,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,
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21
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Smith TJ. Potential Roles of CD34+ Fibrocytes Masquerading as Orbital Fibroblasts in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:581-594. [PMID: 30445529 PMCID: PMC6320239 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Orbital tissues in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy exhibit particular reactivity and undergo characteristic remodeling. Mechanisms underlying these changes have remained largely unexplained. Studies have characterized orbital connective tissues and derivative fibroblasts to gain insights into local manifestations of a systemic autoimmune syndrome. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search of PubMed was undertaken for studies related to thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), orbital fibroblasts, and fibrocytes involved in pathogenesis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Orbital tissues display marked cellular heterogeneity. Fibroblast subsets, putatively derived from multiple precursors, inhabit the orbit in TAO. Among them are cells displaying the CD34+CXC chemokine receptor 4+collagen I+ phenotype, identifying them as fibrocytes, derived from the monocyte lineage. Their unique presence in the TAO orbit helps explain the tissue reactivity and characteristic remodeling that occurs in the disease. Their unanticipated expression of several proteins traditionally thought to be thyroid gland specific, including the TSH receptor and thyroglobulin, may underlie orbital involvement in Graves disease. Although no currently available information unambiguously establishes that CD34+ orbital fibroblasts originate from circulating fibrocytes, inferences from animal models of lung disease suggest that they derive from bone marrow. Further studies are necessary to determine whether fibrocyte abundance and activity in the orbit determine the clinical behavior of TAO. CONCLUSION Evidence supports a role for fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO. Recognition of their presence in the orbit now allows development of therapies specifically targeting these cells that ultimately could allow the restoration of immune tolerance within the orbit and perhaps systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Terry J. Smith, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Kellogg Eye Center, Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. E-mail:
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22
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Let-7a promotes microglia M2 polarization by targeting CKIP-1 following ICH. Immunol Lett 2018; 202:1-7. [PMID: 30053453 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microglia polarization plays a crucial role in initiating brain inflammatory injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Casein Kinase 2 Interacting Protein 1(CKIP-1) has been identified as a transcriptional molecular to manipulate microglia polarization. MiRNAs regulate gene expression and microglia polarization. In the experiment, CKIP-1 has been predicted as a target gene of let-7a. Let-7a, CKIP-1 and downstream proinflammatory mediator production of ICH mice were analyzed. In addition, inflammation, brain edema, and neurological functions in ICH mice were also assessed. Furthermore, let-7a mimic or inhibitors was administrated to study the potential role to manipulate microglia polarization after ICH. We reported that let-7a levels decreased but CKIP-1 levels increased after ICH. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, it was demonstrated that CKIP-1 was the target gene of let-7a. Let-7a overexpression decreased the protein levels of CKIP-1 and inhibition of let-7a increased the protein levels of CKIP-1. In addition, our results indicate that let-7a could inhibit expression of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce brain edema, and improve neurological functions in ICH mice. The study indicated that CKIP-1 was a target gene of let-7a and that let-7a regulated microglia M2 polarization by targeting CKIP-1 following ICH.
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23
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Wu Y, He H, Ding Y, Liu S, Zhang D, Wang J, Jiang H, Zhang D, Sun L, Ye RD, Qian F. MK2 mediates macrophage activation and acute lung injury by regulating let-7e miRNA. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L371-L381. [PMID: 29770701 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) plays a critical role in the development of inflammation. However, the modulatory mechanisms in macrophage activation and acute lung injury (ALI) have not been completely defined. Here, we reported that MK2-deficient mice (MK2-/-) protected against sepsis-induced ALI. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, MK2-/- mice and myeloid cell-specific MK2 conditional knockout mice (MK2Lyz2-KO) exhibited attenuated inflammatory response, especially producing fewer amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). LPS treatment in vitro resulted in reduced cytokine expression in MK2-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, we found that LPS-induced microRNA lethal-7e ( let-7e) expression was significantly increased in MK2-/- macrophages. Transfection of let-7e antagomirs into MK2-/- BMDM rescued LPS-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and MIP-2. In contrast, transfection of let-7e mimics into MK2+/+BMDM decreased cytokine expression. Meanwhile, LPS-induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, a substrate of MK2, was downregulated in MK2-/- BMDMs. Lin28, an inhibitory molecule of let-7, was significantly reduced in MK2-/- macrophages. Our results suggested that MK2 boosts LPS-induced macrophage activation and ALI via increasing activation of CREB and consequently, the expression of Lin28 and downregulation of let-7e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiong He
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui , People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , People's Republic of China
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Koenecke C, Krueger A. MicroRNA in T-Cell Development and T-Cell Mediated Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:992. [PMID: 29867969 PMCID: PMC5949326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is still a major cause of treatment-related mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Allo-antigen recognition of donor T cells after transplantation account for the onset and persistence of this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecular regulators involved in numerous processes during T-cell development, homeostasis, and activation. Thus, miRNAs also contribute to pathological T-cell function during GvHD. Given their capacity of fine-tuning T-cell function, miRNAs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets to curtail acute GvHD, but simultaneously maintain T-cell-mediated graft-versus-tumor effects. Here, we review the role of key miRNAs contributing to the pathophysiology of GvHD. We focus on those miRNAs acting in T cells and for which a role in GvHD has been established in preclinical models. Finally, we provide an outlook for clinical application of this new therapeutic target for GvHD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koenecke
- Clinic for Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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Vaschetto LM. miRNA activation is an endogenous gene expression pathway. RNA Biol 2018; 15:826-828. [PMID: 29537927 PMCID: PMC6152443 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1451722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) molecules has become a routine technique widely used for silencing gene expression by triggering post-transcriptional and transcriptional RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. Moreover, in the past decade, small activating (saRNA) sequences targeting promoter regions were also reported, thereby a RNA-based gene activation (RNAa) mechanism has been proposed. In this regard, Turner and colleagues recently discovered an endogenous microRNA (miRNA) which binds its promoter in order to upregulate its own expression. Interestingly, several miRNA-induced RNA activation (miRNAa) phenomena have since then been identified. My objective here is to introduce the reader into the emergent miRNAa research field, as well as bring together important discoveries about this unexplored transcriptional activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Vaschetto
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IDEA, CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (FCEFyN, UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
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26
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Yan R, Gu Y, Ran J, Hu Y, Zheng Z, Zeng M, Heng BC, Chen X, Yin Z, Chen W, Shen W, Ouyang H. Intratendon Delivery of Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Healing Compared With Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Rabbit Achilles Tendinopathy Model. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1909-1920. [PMID: 28301205 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517694357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic tendinopathy is a commonly occurring clinical problem that affects both athletes and inactive middle-aged patients. Although some studies have shown that different platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations could exert various therapeutic effects in vitro, the role of leukocytes in PRP has not yet been defined under tendinopathy conditions in vivo. PURPOSE This study compared the effects of the intratendon delivery of leukocyte-poor PRP (Lp-PRP) versus leukocyte-rich PRP (Lr-PRP) in a rabbit chronic tendinopathy model in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Four weeks after a local injection of collagenase in the Achilles tendon, the following treatments were randomly administered on the lesions: injections of (1) 200 μL of Lp-PRP (n = 8), (2) 200 μL of Lr-PRP (n = 8), or (3) 200 μL of saline (n = 8). Healing outcomes were assessed at 4 weeks after therapy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cytokine quantification, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression, histology, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS MRI revealed that the Lr-PRP and saline groups displayed higher signal intensities compared with the Lp-PRP group with T2 mapping. Histologically, the Lp-PRP group displayed significantly better general scores compared with the Lr-PRP ( P = .001) and saline ( P < .001) groups. Additionally, TEM showed that the Lp-PRP group had larger collagen fibril diameters than the Lr-PRP group ( P < .001). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a significantly lower level of catabolic cytokine IL-6 in the Lp-PRP group compared with the Lr-PRP ( P = .001) and saline ( P = .021) groups. The Lp-PRP group displayed significantly increased expression of collagen I compared with the saline group ( P = .004) but not the Lr-PRP group. Both the Lp-PRP and Lr-PRP groups exhibited significantly lower matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 expression levels compared with the saline group. However, only the Lp-PRP group displayed significantly higher expression of TIMP-1 than the saline group ( P = .024). CONCLUSION Compared with Lr-PRP, Lp-PRP improves tendon healing and is a preferable option for the clinical treatment of tendinopathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PRP is widely used in the clinical management of chronic tendinopathy. However, the clinical results are ambiguous. It is imperative to understand the influence of leukocytes on PRP-mediated tissue healing in vivo, which could facilitate the better clinical management of chronic tendinopathy. Further studies are needed to translate our findings to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijian Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yejun Hu
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Xingyue Biotechnology Co Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, China
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Patel R, Filer A, Barone F, Buckley CD. Stroma: fertile soil for inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:565-76. [PMID: 25481550 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological therapies for the management of immune mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis have proven to be extremely successful in recent years. Despite these successes, even the most effective of therapies do not lead to cure. Why chronic inflammation persists indefinitely within the rheumatoid synovium despite an absence of continuous stimulation, and why some patients with early synovitis progress to persistent disease whilst others do not, has remained unexplained. In contrast to the paradigm that stromal cells are biochemically active but immunologically passive, there is now growing evidence that stromal components from the rheumatoid synovium play a crucial part in the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Stromal cells play a central role in the transformation of an acute, resolving to a chronic inflammatory process, and to the persistence of synovial inflammation and joint destruction through a variety of immune mechanisms. Therapeutic manipulation of the stroma is a largely unexplored, yet potentially vital area of research. Targeting pathogenic stromal cells has the potential to provide a cure for chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikesh Patel
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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28
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Cheng G, Sun S, Wang Z, Jin S. Investigation of the interaction between the MIR-503 and CD40 genes in irradiated U937 cells. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:38. [PMID: 22429276 PMCID: PMC3325872 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that take part in diverse biological processes by suppressing target gene expression. Relatively few miRNAs have been studied in detail, especially miR-503, and hence the biological relevance of majority remains to be uncovered. Whether altered expression of miRNA-503 affects the immunity response to radiotherapy has yet to be addressed. Results In the present study, we applied ionizing radiation with a dose of either 0.1 Gy or 5 Gy to irradiate U937 cells to confirm CD40 as a miR-503 target, which was identified using a bioimformatics tool. In high dose (5 Gy) ionizing-irradiated U937 cells, expression of miR-503 was up regulated while the expression of CD40 gene was down regulated. Using the transfection of the miR-503 gene into U937 cells and Luciferase assay, we confirmed that miR-503 suppressed the expression of CD40, and was a negtive regulator of CD40. Conclusions To our knowledge, we are the first to describe involvement of miR-503 in radiobiological effect at a molecular level. This initial finding suggested the evidence that ionizing radiation could alter the expression of miR-503 and its target gene CD40, and may be very important to shed light on a possible mechanism regarding regulation of immune responses to irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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29
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Abstract
CD40 is a TNF receptor family member that is widely recognized for its prominent role in immune regulation and homeostasis. Expression of CD40 is not restricted to normal lymphoid cells but is also evident in the majority of haemopoietic and epithelial malignancies where it has been implicated in oncogenic events. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the CD40 pathway can be exploited for cancer therapy by virtue of its ability to stimulate the host anti-tumor immune response, normalize the tumor microenvironment and directly suppress the growth of CD40-positive tumors. Here, we provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of the CD40 pathway in cancer and its emerging role in the treatment of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica S I Loskog
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Clinical Immunology Division, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Bishop GA, Moore CR, Xie P, Stunz LL, Kraus ZJ. TRAF proteins in CD40 signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 597:131-51. [PMID: 17633023 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-70630-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily molecule CD40 is expressed by a wide variety of cell types following activation signals, and constitutively on B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD40 signals to cells stimulate kinase activation, gene expression, production of a antibody and a variety of cytokines, expression or upregulation of surface molecules, and protection or promotion of apoptosis. Initial steps in CD40-mediated signal cascades involve the interactions of CD40 with various members of the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic proteins. This review summarizes current understanding of the nature of these interactions, and how they induce and regulate CD40 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa and the Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Cognasse F, Osselaer JC, Garraud O. [Platelets cytokines and their effects on platelet transfusion]. Transfus Clin Biol 2007; 14:69-78. [PMID: 17499538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been confined to haemostasis only. However, novel functions for platelets have been identified recently. Those non-nucleated cells indeed participate to inflammation and also they produce and release numerous factors with known immunomodulatory functions. Among those factors are cytokines and chemokines and the like, such as soluble CD40-Ligand (CD154), which are key molecules in that they bridge innate and adaptative immunity; sCD40L is active on T cells, B cells, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. This means that when a platelet concentrate is transfused to a recipient, a huge amount of cytokines and chemokines is also infused. In this state of the art review, we will present arguments on the role of platelet secretory products in modulating cellular parameters of immunity, and--very likely--in altering functions of those immune cells upon encounters while infusing platelets in blood recipients. We aimed at summarizing data that have been made available on the issue of cytokines/chemokines released by stored platelets prior to delivery. We will focus on the suspected role of the CD40/CD40L tandem in postplatelet transfusion reactions or incidents. We will present recent data on the role of pathogen inactivators on the docking and/or release of cytokines/chemokines by platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cognasse
- EFS Auvergne-Loire, and GIMAP-EA3064, faculté de médecine, université de Saint-Etienne, 15 rue Ambroise-Paré, 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France
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