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Dick JK, Hicks D, Krishna VD, Sangala JA, Zandstra BT, Baehr C, Verbeek JS, Cragg MS, Cheeran MCJ, Pravetoni M, Hart GT. ACE2 decoy Fc-fusions and bi-specific killer engager (BiKEs) require Fc engagement for in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599956. [PMID: 38948747 PMCID: PMC11212978 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to evolve over time necessitating the adaptation of vaccines to maintain efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were a key line of defense for unvaccinated or immunocompromised individuals. However, these mAbs are now ineffective against current SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we tested three aspects of αSARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. First, we tested whether Fc engagement is necessary for in vivo clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Secondly, we tested bi-specific killer engagers (BiKEs) that simultaneously engage SARS-CoV-2 and a specific Fc receptor. Benefits of these engagers include the ease of manufacturing, stability, more cell-specific targeting, and high affinity binding to Fc receptors. Using both mAbs and BiKEs, we found that both neutralization and Fc receptor engagement were necessary for effective SARS-CoV-2 clearance. Thirdly, due to ACE2 being necessary for viral entry, ACE2 will maintain binding to SARS-CoV-2 despite viral evolution. Therefore, we used an ACE2 decoy Fc-fusion or BiKE, instead of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody sequence, as a potential therapeutic that would withstand viral evolution. We found that the ACE2 decoy approach also required Fc receptor engagement and, unlike traditional neutralizing antibodies against specific variants, enabled the clearance of two distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data show the importance of Fc engagement for mAbs, the utility of BiKEs as therapies for infectious disease, and the in vivo effectiveness of the ACE2 decoy approach. With further studies, we predict combining neutralization, the cellular response, and this ACE2 decoy approach will benefit individuals with ineffective antibody levels. Abbreviations ACE2, scFv, mAb, BiKE, COVID-19, Fc, CD16, CD32b, CD64, d.p.i. Key points With equal dosing, both neutralization and Fc engagement are necessary for the optimal efficacy of in vivo antibodies and bi-specific killer engagers (BiKEs) against SARS-CoV-2. BiKEs can clear SARS-CoV-2 virus and protect against severe infection in the hACE2-K18 mouse model. ACE2 decoys as part of Fc-fusions or BiKEs provide in vivo clearance of two disparate SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Gil Gonzalez L, Won KD, Tawhidi Z, Cummins E, Cruz-Leal Y, Tundidor Cabado Y, Sachs UJ, Norris PAA, Shan Y, Bhakta V, Li J, Samudio I, Silva-Moreno B, Cerna-Portillo L, Pavon Oro A, Bergqvist P, Chan P, Moorehead A, Sholzberg M, Sheffield WP, Lazarus AH. Human Fc gamma receptor IIIA blockade inhibits platelet destruction in a humanized murine model of ITP. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1869-1879. [PMID: 38330193 PMCID: PMC11007428 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIIA is an important receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and is involved in immune defense mechanisms as well as tissue destruction in some autoimmune diseases including immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). FcγRIIIA on macrophages can trigger phagocytosis of IgG-sensitized platelets, and prior pilot studies observed blockade of FcγRIIIA increased platelet counts in patients with ITP. Unfortunately, although blockade of FcγRIIIA in patients with ITP increased platelet counts, its engagement by the blocking antibody drove serious adverse inflammatory reactions. These adverse events were postulated to originate from the antibody's Fc and/or bivalent nature. The blockade of human FcγRIIIA in vivo with a monovalent construct lacking an active Fc region has not yet been achieved. To effectively block FcγRIIIA in vivo, we developed a high affinity monovalent single-chain variable fragment (scFv) that can bind and block human FcγRIIIA. This scFv (17C02) was expressed in 3 formats: a monovalent fusion protein with albumin, a 1-armed human IgG1 antibody, and a standard bivalent mouse (IgG2a) antibody. Both monovalent formats were effective in preventing phagocytosis of ITP serum-sensitized human platelets. In vivo studies using FcγR-humanized mice demonstrated that both monovalent therapeutics were also able to increase platelet counts. The monovalent albumin fusion protein did not have adverse event activity as assessed by changes in body temperature, whereas the 1-armed antibody induced some changes in body temperature even though the Fc region function was impaired by the Leu234Ala and Leu235Ala mutations. These data demonstrate that monovalent blockade of human FcγRIIIA in vivo can potentially be a therapeutic strategy for patients with ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Gil Gonzalez
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Won
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zoya Tawhidi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yoelys Cruz-Leal
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yaima Tundidor Cabado
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ulrich J. Sachs
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine, and Haemostasis, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter A. A. Norris
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuexin Shan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Varsha Bhakta
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janessa Li
- adMare BioInnovations, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Alequis Pavon Oro
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Amy Moorehead
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alan H. Lazarus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhao D, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Yue N, Zhu Y, Fei W, Li X, Tan L, He W. Bidirectional and persistent immunomodulation of Astragalus polysaccharide as an adjuvant of influenza and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123635. [PMID: 36801224 PMCID: PMC9932796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections, such as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza, cause significant morbidity and mortality and have become a worldwide public health concern with tremendous economic and societal burdens. Vaccination is a major strategy for preventing infections. However, some new vaccines have an unmet need for impairing responses in certain individuals, especially COVID-19 vaccines, despite ongoing vaccine and adjuvant research. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a bioactive polysaccharide extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus as an immune adjuvant to regulate the efficacy of influenza split vaccine (ISV) and recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Cov-2 vaccine in mice. Our data indicated that APS as an adjuvant can facilitate the induction of high levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer and specific antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) and confer protection against the lethal challenge of influenza A viruses, including increased survival and amelioration of weight loss in mice immunized with the ISV. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that the NF-κB and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis signaling pathways are essential for the immune response of mice immunized with the recombinant SARS-Cov-2 vaccine (RSV). Another important finding was that bidirectional immunomodulation of APS on cellular and humoral immunity was observed, and APS-adjuvant-induced antibodies persisted at a high level for at least 20 weeks. These findings suggest that APS is a potent adjuvant for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, and has the advantages of bidirectional immunoregulation and persistent immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Na Yue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyun Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Mackin SR, Desai P, Whitener BM, Karl CE, Liu M, Baric RS, Edwards DK, Chicz TM, McNamara RP, Alter G, Diamond MS. Fc-γR-dependent antibody effector functions are required for vaccine-mediated protection against antigen-shifted variants of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:569-580. [PMID: 37012355 PMCID: PMC10797606 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with antigenic changes in the spike protein are neutralized less efficiently by serum antibodies elicited by legacy vaccines against the ancestral Wuhan-1 virus. Nonetheless, these vaccines, including mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, retained their ability to protect against severe disease and death, suggesting that other aspects of immunity control infection in the lung. Vaccine-elicited antibodies can bind Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) and mediate effector functions against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and this property correlates with improved clinical coronavirus disease 2019 outcome. However, a causal relationship between Fc effector functions and vaccine-mediated protection against infection has not been established. Here, using passive and active immunization approaches in wild-type and FcγR-knockout mice, we determined the requirement for Fc effector functions to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antiviral activity of passively transferred immune serum was lost against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in mice lacking expression of activating FcγRs, especially murine FcγR III (CD16), or depleted of alveolar macrophages. After immunization with the pre-clinical mRNA-1273 vaccine, control of Omicron BA.5 infection in the respiratory tract also was lost in mice lacking FcγR III. Our passive and active immunization studies in mice suggest that Fc-FcγR engagement and alveolar macrophages are required for vaccine-induced antibody-mediated protection against infection by antigenically changed SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Mackin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley M Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney E Karl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meizi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Taras M Chicz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Mackin SR, Desai P, Whitener BM, Karl CE, Liu M, Baric RS, Edwards DK, Chicz TM, McNamara RP, Alter G, Diamond MS. Fcγ receptor-dependent antibody effector functions are required for vaccine protection against infection by antigenic variants of SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.11.27.518117. [PMID: 36482975 PMCID: PMC9727771 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.27.518117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with antigenic changes in the spike protein are neutralized less efficiently by serum antibodies elicited by legacy vaccines against the ancestral Wuhan-1 virus. Nonetheless, these vaccines, including mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, retained their ability to protect against severe disease and death, suggesting that other aspects of immunity control infection in the lung. Although vaccine-elicited antibodies can bind Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) and mediate effector functions against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and this property correlates with improved clinical COVID-19 outcome, a causal relationship between Fc effector functions and vaccine-mediated protection against infection has not been established. Here, using passive and active immunization approaches in wild-type and Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) KO mice, we determined the requirement for Fc effector functions to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antiviral activity of passively transferred immune serum was lost against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in mice lacking expression of activating FcγRs, especially murine FcγR III (CD16), or depleted of alveolar macrophages. After immunization with the preclinical mRNA-1273 vaccine, protection against Omicron BA.5 infection in the respiratory tract also was lost in mice lacking FcγR III. Our passive and active immunization studies in mice suggest that Fc-FcγR engagement and alveolar macrophages are required for vaccine-induced antibody-mediated protection against infection by antigenically changed SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Mackin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bradley M. Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Courtney E. Karl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Meizi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge MA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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6
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Sahin M, Remy MM, Fallet B, Sommerstein R, Florova M, Langner A, Klausz K, Straub T, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Schmidt CT, Malinge P, Magistrelli G, Izui S, Pircher H, Verbeek JS, Merkler D, Peipp M, Pinschewer DD. Antibody bivalency improves antiviral efficacy by inhibiting virion release independently of Fc gamma receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110303. [PMID: 35108544 PMCID: PMC8822495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, multivalency discriminates antibodies from all other immunoglobulin superfamily members. The evolutionary forces conserving multivalency above other structural hallmarks of antibodies remain, however, incompletely defined. Here, we engineer monovalent either Fc-competent or -deficient antibody formats to investigate mechanisms of protection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) in virus-infected mice. Antibody bivalency enables the tethering of virions to the infected cell surface, inhibits the release of virions in cell culture, and suppresses viral loads in vivo independently of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions. In return, monovalent antibody formats either do not inhibit virion release and fail to protect in vivo or their protective efficacy is largely FcγR dependent. Protection in mice correlates with virus-release-inhibiting activity of nAb and nnAb rather than with their neutralizing capacity. These observations provide mechanistic insights into the evolutionary conservation of antibody bivalency and help refining correlates of nnAb protection for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa M Remy
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedict Fallet
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Florova
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Langner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia T Schmidt
- BioEM Lab, Center for Cellular Imaging & Nano Analytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Malinge
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Legrain S, Su D, Gaignage M, Breukel C, Claassens J, Brouwers C, Linssen MM, Izui S, Verbeek JS, Coutelier JP. Involvement of Virus-Induced Interferon Production in IgG Autoantibody-Mediated Anemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9027. [PMID: 34445732 PMCID: PMC8396558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with viruses, such as the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), is known to trigger the onset of autoimmune anemia through the enhancement of the phagocytosis of autoantibody-opsonized erythrocytes by activated macrophages. Type I interferon receptor-deficient mice show enhanced anemia, which suggests a protective effect of these cytokines, partly through the control of type II interferon production. The development of anemia requires the expression of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) I, III, and IV. Whereas LDV infection decreases FcγR III expression, it enhances FcγR I and IV expression in wild-type animals. The LDV-associated increase in the expression of FcγR I and IV is largely reduced in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice, through both type II interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Thus, the regulation of the expression of FcγR I and IV, but not III, by interferons may partly explain the exacerbating effect of LDV infection on anemia that results from the enhanced phagocytosis of IgG autoantibody-opsonized erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Legrain
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (S.L.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Dan Su
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (S.L.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Mélanie Gaignage
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (S.L.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (M.M.L.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Jill Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (M.M.L.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Conny Brouwers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (M.M.L.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Margot M. Linssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (M.M.L.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 4 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - J. Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (M.M.L.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (S.L.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
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8
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Huseby Kelcher AM, Baehr CA, Hamid FA, Hart GT, Pravetoni M. Contribution of Antibody-Mediated Effector Functions to the Mechanism of Efficacy of Vaccines for Opioid Use Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:860-867. [PMID: 34281999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines and mAbs offer promising strategies to treat substance use disorders (SUDs) and prevent overdose. Despite vaccines and mAbs against SUDs demonstrating proof of efficacy, selectivity, and safety in animal models, it is unknown whether the mechanism of action of these immunotherapeutics relies exclusively on the formation of Ab/drug complexes, or also involves Ab-mediated effector functions. Hence, this study tested whether the efficacy of active and passive immunization against drugs of abuse requires phagocytosis, the intact Fc portion of the anti-drug Ab, FcγRs, or the neonatal FcR (FcRn). The efficacy of a lead vaccine against oxycodone was not diminished in mice after depletion of macrophages or granulocytes. Anti-oxycodone F(ab')2 fragments resulted in lower serum levels of F(ab')2 compared with intact mAbs, and F(ab')2s were not as effective as the parent mAbs in reducing distribution of oxycodone to the brain. The efficacy of vaccines and mAbs against oxycodone was preserved in either FcγIII or FcγI-IV ablated mice, suggesting that FcγRs are not required for Ab efficacy. Finally, both active and passive immunization against oxycodone in FcRn-/- mice yielded reduced efficacy compared with wild-type control mice. These data identified a role for FcRn, but not for phagocytosis or Fc-dependent effector functions, in mediating the efficacy of vaccines and mAbs against SUD. This study supports rational design of vaccines and mAbs engineered for maximal neutralization activity and optimal FcRn binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly A Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Fatima A Hamid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Geoffrey T Hart
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; and.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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9
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Yu X, James S, Felce JH, Kellermayer B, Johnston DA, Chan HTC, Penfold CA, Kim J, Inzhelevskaya T, Mockridge CI, Watanabe Y, Crispin M, French RR, Duriez PJ, Douglas LR, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS. TNF receptor agonists induce distinct receptor clusters to mediate differential agonistic activity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:772. [PMID: 34162985 PMCID: PMC8222242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and natural ligands targeting costimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) exhibit a wide range of agonistic activities and antitumor responses. The mechanisms underlying these differential agonistic activities remain poorly understood. Here, we employ a panel of experimental and clinically-relevant molecules targeting human CD40, 4-1BB and OX40 to examine this issue. Confocal and STORM microscopy reveal that strongly agonistic reagents induce clusters characterized by small area and high receptor density. Using antibody pairs differing only in isotype we show that hIgG2 confers significantly more receptor clustering than hIgG1 across all three receptors, explaining its greater agonistic activity, with receptor clustering shielding the receptor-agonist complex from further molecular access. Nevertheless, discrete receptor clustering patterns are observed with different hIgG2 mAb, with a unique rod-shaped assembly observed with the most agonistic mAb. These findings dispel the notion that larger receptor clusters elicit greater agonism, and instead point to receptor density and subsequent super-structure as key determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - David A Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christine A Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jinny Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tatyana Inzhelevskaya
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Leon R Douglas
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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10
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Yu X, Chan HTC, Fisher H, Penfold CA, Kim J, Inzhelevskaya T, Mockridge CI, French RR, Duriez PJ, Douglas LR, English V, Verbeek JS, White AL, Tews I, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS. Isotype Switching Converts Anti-CD40 Antagonism to Agonism to Elicit Potent Antitumor Activity. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:850-866.e7. [PMID: 32442402 PMCID: PMC7280789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) comprise agonists and antagonists, which display promising therapeutic activities in cancer and autoimmunity, respectively. We previously showed that epitope and isotype interact to deliver optimal agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. The impact of Fc engineering on antagonists, however, remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that clinically relevant antagonists used for treating autoimmune conditions can be converted into potent FcγR-independent agonists with remarkable antitumor activity by isotype switching to hIgG2. One antagonist is converted to a super-agonist with greater potency than previously reported highly agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. Such conversion is dependent on the unique disulfide bonding properties of the hIgG2 hinge. This investigation highlights the transformative capacity of the hIgG2 isotype for converting antagonists to agonists to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Hayden Fisher
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christine A Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jinny Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tatyana Inzhelevskaya
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Leon R Douglas
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Vikki English
- Pre-clinical Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ann L White
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Ivo Tews
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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11
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Schoonderwoerd MJA, Koops MFM, Angela RA, Koolmoes B, Toitou M, Paauwe M, Barnhoorn MC, Liu Y, Sier CFM, Hardwick JCH, Nixon AB, Theuer CP, Fransen MF, Hawinkels LJAC. Targeting Endoglin-Expressing Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment Enhances the Effect of PD1 Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3831-3842. [PMID: 32332012 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoglin is a coreceptor for TGFβ ligands that is highly expressed on proliferating endothelial cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical studies have noted increased programmed cell death (PD)-1 expression on cytotoxic T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer treated with TRC105, an endoglin-targeting antibody. In this study, we investigated the combination of endoglin antibodies (TRC105 and M1043) with an anti-PD1 antibody. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The combination anti-endoglin/anti-PD1 antibodies was tested in four preclinical mouse models representing different stages of cancer development. To investigate the underlying mechanism, Fc-receptor-knockout mice were used complemented with depletion of multiple immune subsets in mice. Tumor growth and the composition of immune infiltrate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, human colorectal cancer specimens were analyzed for presence of endoglin-expressing regulatory T cells (Treg). RESULTS In all models, the combination of endoglin antibody and PD1 inhibition produced durable tumor responses, leading to complete regressions in 30% to 40% of the mice. These effects were dependent on the presence of Fcγ receptors, indicating the involvement of antibody-dependent cytotoxic responses and the presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ Th cells. Interestingly, treatment with the endoglin antibody, TRC105, significantly decreased the number of intratumoral Tregs. Endoglin-expressing Tregs were also detected in human colorectal cancer specimens. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data provide a rationale for combining TRC105 and anti-PD1 therapy and provide additional evidence of endoglin's immunomodulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J A Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike F M Koops
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo A Angela
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bryan Koolmoes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Melpomeni Toitou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke C Barnhoorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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12
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Verbeek JS, Hirose S, Nishimura H. The Complex Association of FcγRIIb With Autoimmune Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2061. [PMID: 31681256 PMCID: PMC6803437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRIIb is the only inhibitory Fc receptor and controls many aspects of immune and inflammatory responses. The observation 19 years ago that Fc γ RIIb -/- mice generated by gene targeting in 129 derived ES cells developed severe lupus like disease when backcrossed more than 7 generations into C57BL/6 background initiated extensive research on the functional understanding of this strong autoimmune phenotype. The genomic region in the distal part of Chr1 both in human and mice in which the Fc γ R gene cluster is located shows a high level of complexity in relation to the susceptibility to SLE. Specific haplotypes of closely linked genes including the Fc γ RIIb and Slamf genes are associated with increased susceptibility to SLE both in mice and human. Using forward and reverse genetic approaches including in human GWAS and in mice congenic strains, KO mice (germline and cell type specific, on different genetic background), knockin mice, overexpressing transgenic mice combined with immunological models such as adoptive transfer of B cells from Ig transgenic mice the involved genes and the causal mutations and their associated functional alterations were analyzed. In this review the results of this 19 years extensive research are discussed with a focus on (genetically modified) mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
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13
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Schweier O, Aichele U, Marx A, Straub T, Verbeek JS, Pinschewer DD, Pircher H. Residual LCMV antigen in transiently CD4+T cell‐depleted mice induces high levels of virus‐specific antibodies but only limited B‐cell memory. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:626-637. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schweier
- Institute for ImmunologyMedical Center ‐ University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Germany
| | - Ulrike Aichele
- Institute for ImmunologyMedical Center ‐ University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Germany
| | - Anna‐Friederike Marx
- Institute for ImmunologyMedical Center ‐ University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Germany
- Division of Experimental VirologyDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of Basel Switzerland
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for ImmunologyMedical Center ‐ University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Germany
| | - J. Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental VirologyDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of Basel Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for ImmunologyMedical Center ‐ University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Germany
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14
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Rossi O, Coward C, Goh YS, Claassens JWC, MacLennan CA, Verbeek SJ, Mastroeni P. The essential role of complement in antibody-mediated resistance to Salmonella. Immunology 2019; 156:69-73. [PMID: 30179254 PMCID: PMC6283648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines can serve as essential tools to prevent bacterial diseases via the induction of long-lasting IgG responses. The efficacy of such vaccines depends on the effector mechanisms triggered by IgG. The complement system and Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) can potentially play a crucial role in IgG-mediated immunity against bacterial diseases. However, their relative importance in vivo is unclear, and has been the object of controversy and debate. In this brief study, we have used gene-targeted mice lacking either FcγRI, II, II and IV or the C3 complement component as well as a novel mouse strain lacking both C3 and FcγRs to conclusively show the essential role of complement in antibody-mediated host resistance to Salmonella enterica systemic infection. By comparing the effect of IgG2a antibodies against Salmonella O-antigen in gene-targeted mice, we demonstrate that the complement system is essential for the IgG-mediated reduction of bacterial numbers in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rossi
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
GSK Vaccines Institute for Global HealthSienaItaly
| | - Chris Coward
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Summit TherapeuticsAbingdonUK
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- Singapore Immunology NetworkAgency for Science, Tecnology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jill W. C. Claassens
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Sjef J. Verbeek
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical EngineeringToin University of YokohamaYokohamaJapan
| | - Pietro Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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15
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Sow HS, Benonisson H, Breukel C, Visser R, Verhagen OJHM, Bentlage AEH, Brouwers C, Claassens JWC, Linssen MM, Camps M, van Hall T, Ossendorp F, Fransen MF, Vidarsson G, Verbeek JS. FcγR interaction is not required for effective anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy but can add additional benefit depending on the tumor model. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:345-354. [PMID: 30259976 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory antibodies blocking interactions of coinhibitory receptors to their ligands such as CTLA-4, PD1 and PD-L1 on immune cells have shown impressive therapeutic efficacy in clinical studies. The therapeutic effect of these antibodies is mainly mediated by reactivating antitumor T cell immune responses. Detailed analysis of anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy revealed that an optimal therapeutic efficacy also requires binding to Fc receptors for IgG, FcγR, mediating depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells. Here, we investigated the role of Fc binding in anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy in the MC38 C57BL/6 and CT26 BALB/c colon adenocarcinoma tumor models. In the MC38 tumor model, all IgG subclasses anti-PD-L1 showed similar therapeutic efficacy when compared to each other in either wild-type mice or in mice deficient for all FcγR. In contrast, in the CT26 tumor model, anti-PD-L1 mIgG2a, the IgG subclass with the highest affinity for activating FcγR, showed stronger therapeutic efficacy than other IgG subclasses. This was associated with a reduction of a myeloid cell subset with high expression of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. This subclass preference for mIgG2a was lost in C57BL/6 × BALB/c F1 mice, indicating that the genetic background of the host may determine the additional clinical benefit of the high affinity antibody subclasses. Based on these data, we conclude that FcγR are not crucial for anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy but might play a role in some tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sheng Sow
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hreinn Benonisson
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno J H M Verhagen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Conny Brouwers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jill W C Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margot M Linssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Benonisson H, Sow HS, Breukel C, Claassens JWC, Brouwers C, Linssen MM, Redeker A, Fransen MF, van Hall T, Ossendorp F, Arens R, Verbeek S. FcγRI expression on macrophages is required for antibody-mediated tumor protection by cytomegalovirus-based vaccines. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29392-29402. [PMID: 30034625 PMCID: PMC6047664 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccine vectors are promising vaccine platforms because they induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. Recently it has been shown that vaccination with a mouse CMV (MCMV) vector expressing the melanoma-specific antigen TRP2 (MCMV-TRP2) protects mice against outgrowth of TRP2-positive B16 melanoma tumors, and this protection was dependent on the induction of IgG antibodies. Here we demonstrate that, although mice lacking all receptors for the Fc part of IgG (FcγRs) develop normal IgG responses after MCMV-TRP2 vaccination, the protection against B16 melanoma was completely abrogated, indicating that FcγRs are indispensable in the downstream effector pathway of the polyclonal anti-TRP2 antibody response. By investigating compound FcγR-deficient mouse strains and by using immune cell type-specific cell ablation we show that the IgG antibody-mediated tumor protection elicited by MCMV-TRP2 mainly depends on FcγRI expression on macrophages, whereas FcγRIV plays only a modest role. Thus, tumor-specific antibody therapy might benefit from combination therapy that recruits FcγRI-expressing pro-inflammatory macrophages to the tumor micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hreinn Benonisson
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jill W C Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Conny Brouwers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot M Linssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Redeker
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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