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Ott JA, Ohta Y, Flajnik MF, Criscitiello MF. Lost structural and functional inter-relationships between Ig and TCR loci in mammals revealed in sharks. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:17-33. [PMID: 33449123 PMCID: PMC7909615 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCR) have obvious structural similarities as well as similar immunogenetic diversification and selection mechanisms. Nevertheless, the two receptor systems and the loci that encode them are distinct in humans and classical murine models, and the gene segments comprising each repertoire are mutually exclusive. Additionally, while both B and T cells employ recombination-activating genes (RAG) for primary diversification, immunoglobulins are afforded a supplementary set of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated diversification tools. As the oldest-emerging vertebrates sharing the same adaptive B and T cell receptor systems as humans, extant cartilaginous fishes allow a potential view of the ancestral immune system. In this review, we discuss breakthroughs we have made in studies of nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) T cell receptors demonstrating substantial integration of loci and diversification mechanisms in primordial B and T cell repertoires. We survey these findings in this shark model where they were first described, while noting corroborating examples in other vertebrate groups. We also consider other examples where the gnathostome common ancestry of the B and T cell receptor systems have allowed dovetailing of genomic elements and AID-based diversification approaches for the TCR. The cartilaginous fish seem to have retained this T/B cell plasticity to a greater extent than more derived vertebrate groups, but representatives in all vertebrate taxa except bony fish and placental mammals show such plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine A Ott
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuko Ohta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Martin F Flajnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael F Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Yasumoto K, Koiwai K, Hiraoka K, Hirono I, Kondo H. Characterization of natural antigen-specific antibodies from naïve sturgeon serum. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103770. [PMID: 32634523 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated and characterized natural antibodies found in serum samples from Bester sturgeon (Huso huso × Acipenser ruthenus). Natural antibodies specifically detected hen egg lysozyme (HEL), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and several species of pathogenic bacteria. Interestingly, we detected no antibodies with similar specificity in serum samples from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) or from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Binding capacity of the sturgeon natural serum antibodies increased slightly at 7 months compared to 3 months after hatching. Antigen-specific antibodies against KLH, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae were affinity-fractionated from naive sera of Bester sturgeon; specific detection of the corresponding antigens was observed. We conclude that Bester sturgeon are capable of generating unique natural antibodies including those that are pathogen-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutaro Yasumoto
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Koiwai
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hiraoka
- Fujikin Inc, 18 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0841, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
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Shi Z, Zhang Q, Yan H, Yang Y, Wang P, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Yu M, Zhou W, Wang Q, Yang X, Mo X, Zhang C, Huang J, Dai H, Sun B, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yang YG, Qiu X. More than one antibody of individual B cells revealed by single-cell immune profiling. Cell Discov 2019; 5:64. [PMID: 31839985 PMCID: PMC6901605 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have a common structure consisting of two identical heavy (H) and two identical light (L) chains. It is widely accepted that a single mature B cell produces a single antibody through restricted synthesis of only one VHDJH (encoding the H-chain variable region) and one VLJL (encoding the L-chain variable region) via recombination. Naive B cells undergo class-switch recombination (CSR) from initially producing membrane-bound IgM and IgD to expressing more effective membrane-bound IgG, IgA, or IgE when encountering antigens. To ensure the "one cell - one antibody" paradigm, only the constant region of the H chain is replaced during CSR, while the rearranged VHDJH pattern and the L chain are kept unchanged. To define those long-standing classical concepts at the single-cell transcriptome level, we applied the Chromium Single-Cell Immune Profiling Solution and Sanger sequencing to evaluate the Ig transcriptome repertoires of single B cells. Consistent with the "one cell - one antibody" rule, most of the B cells showed one V(D)J recombination pattern. Intriguingly, however, two or more VHDJH or VLJL recombination patterns of IgH chain or IgL chain were also observed in hundreds to thousands of single B cells. Moreover, each Ig class showed unique VHDJH recombination pattern in a single B-cell expressing multiple Ig classes. Together, our findings reveal an unprecedented presence of multi-Ig specificity in some single B cells, implying regulation of Ig gene rearrangement and class switching that differs from the classical mechanisms of both the "one cell - one antibody" rule and CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 China
| | - Huige Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhenling Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057 China
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Baofa Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057 China
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
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