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CpG-ODN Signaling via Dendritic Cells-Expressing MyD88, but Not IL-10, Inhibits Allergic Sensitization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070743. [PMID: 34358159 PMCID: PMC8310155 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific T helper (Th)2 cells orchestrate upon allergen challenge the development of allergic eosinophilic lung inflammation. Sensitization with alum adjuvant, a type 2 adjuvant, has been used extensively in animal models of allergic lung disease. In contrast, type 1 adjuvants like CpG-ODN, a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 agonist, inhibit the development of Th2 immunity. CpG-ODN induce type 1 and suppressive cytokines that influence Th2 cell differentiation. Here, we investigated the immune modulatory effect of CpG-ODN on allergic sensitization to OVA with alum focusing on dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the MyD88 molecule and the suppressive IL-10 cytokine. Using mice with specific cell deletion of MyD88 molecule, we showed that CpG-ODN suppressed allergic sensitization and consequent lung allergic inflammation signaling through the MyD88 pathway on dendritic cells, but not on B-cells. This inhibition was associated with an increased production of IL-10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sensitization to OVA with CpG-ODN of IL-10-deficient, but not wild-type mice, induced a shift towards Th1 pattern of inflammation. Employing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) pulsed with OVA for sensitizations with or without CpG-ODN, we showed that IL-10 is dispensable for the inhibition of allergic lung Th2 responses by CpG-ODN. Moreover, the lack of IL-10 on DCs was not sufficient for the CpG-ODN-induced immune-deviation towards a Th1 pattern. Accordingly, we confirmed directly the role of MyD88 pathway on DCs in the inhibition of allergic sensitization.
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Lebedeva E, Bagaev A, Pichugin A, Chulkina M, Lysenko A, Tutykhina I, Shmarov M, Logunov D, Naroditsky B, Ataullakhanov R. The differences in immunoadjuvant mechanisms of TLR3 and TLR4 agonists on the level of antigen-presenting cells during immunization with recombinant adenovirus vector. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:26. [PMID: 30055563 PMCID: PMC6064145 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agonists of TLR3 and TLR4 are effective immunoadjuvants for different types of vaccines. The mechanisms of their immunostimulatory action differ significantly; these differences are particularly critical for immunization with non-replicating adenovirus vectors (rAds) based vaccines. Unlike traditional vaccines, rAd based vaccines are not designed to capture vaccine antigens from the external environment by antigen presenting cells (APCs), but rather they are targeted to the de novo synthesis of vaccine antigens in APCs transfected with rAd. To date, there is no clear understanding about approaches to improve the efficacy of rAd vaccinations with immunoadjuvants. In this study, we investigated the immunoadjuvant effect of TLR3 and TLR4 agonists on the level of activation of APCs during vaccination with rAds. RESULTS We demonstrated that TLR3 and TLR4 agonists confer different effects on the molecular processes in APCs that determine the efficacy of antigen delivery and activation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. APCs activated with agonists of TLR4 were characterized by up-regulated production of target antigen mRNA and protein encoded in rAd, as well as enhanced expression of the co-activation receptors CD80, CD86 and CD40, and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL6 and IL12. These effects of TLR4 agonists have provided a significant increase in the number of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. TLR3 agonist, on the contrary, inhibited transcription and synthesis of rAd-encoded antigens, but improved expression of CD40 and IFN-β in APCs. The cumulative effect of TLR3 agonist have resulted in only a slight improvement in the activation of antigen-specific T cells. Also, we demonstrated that IFN-β and TNF-α, secreted by APCs in response to TLR3 and TLR4 agonists, respectively, have an opposite effect on the transcription of the targeted gene encoded in rAd. Specifically, IFN-β inhibited, and TNF-α stimulated the expression of target vaccine antigens in APCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that agonists of TLR4 but not TLR3 merit further study as adjuvants for development of vaccines based on recombinant adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lebedeva
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Bagaev
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Pichugin
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Chulkina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Lysenko
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Tutykhina
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Shmarov
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Naroditsky
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ravshan Ataullakhanov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
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Nikonova AA, Pichugin AV, Chulkina MM, Lebedeva ES, Gaisina AR, Shilovskiy IP, Ataullakhanov RI, Khaitov MR, Khaitov RM. The TLR4 Agonist Immunomax Affects the Phenotype of Mouse Lung Macrophages during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Acta Naturae 2018; 10:95-99. [PMID: 30713767 PMCID: PMC6351037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, the effect of the TLR4 agonist Immunomax was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In particular, Immunomax was shown to polarize mouse bone marrow macrophages from the M0 and M2 states into the M1 state (ARG1 and iNOS mRNA expression levels were used to identify the mouse M1 and M2 phenotypes). Next, we investigated the prophylactic antiviral effect of Immunomax in both a model of mouse respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and a model of RSV-induced bronchial asthma (BA) exacerbation. In the experiment with RSV-induced BA exacerbation, Immunomax-treated mice were characterized by a significant decrease of the viral load in lung homogenates, an increased amount of M1 macrophages in the lung, a tendency toward Th2-dependent ovalbumin-specific IgG1 antibodies decrease in blood serum, a significant increase in RSV-activated CD4+ T cells secreting IFNγ (Th1 cells), and a simultaneous significant decrease in the amount of CD4+ cells secreting IL-4 (Th2 cells) in the mouse spleen, which were detected by ELISPOT 1.5 months after experiment. These findings suggest that treatment with the TLR4 agonist Immunomax polarizes the immune response towards antiviral Th1 and may be used for short-term antiviral prophylaxis to prevent acute respiratory viral infections in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Nikonova
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia , Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Maliy Kazenniy Lane, 5A, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - A. V. Pichugin
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - M. M. Chulkina
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - E. S. Lebedeva
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - A. R. Gaisina
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - I. P. Shilovskiy
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - R. I. Ataullakhanov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - M. R. Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - R. M. Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Kashirskoe shosse, 24, Moscow, 115478, Russia
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