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Zhang Y, Li Q, Liu N, Hu J, Lin X, Huang M, Wei Y, Qi X, Chen X. Secure reversal of immune evasion from refractory NSCLC and highly contagious CoV-2 mutants by using 3D-engineered multifunctional biologics. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10554. [PMID: 37693048 PMCID: PMC10487317 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an imperative choice to develop a secure feasible strategy to address evasion dynamics of refractory tumors and SARS-CoV-2-variants, while stem cell-based protocol may be more reliable as its unique ability for resetting multifunctional immunity to address progressive tumor and the constantly-evolving virus. In this study, spheroid-embryonoid stem cells from mature somatic cells were engineered as multifunctional biologics (3D-E/BSC) and inoculated in senile rhesus to identify secure potential against immune-evasion from viral-variants. Meanwhile, a cohort of eligible patients with stage IV NSCLC were approved for phase I clinical trials. Subsequently, long-lasting security and efficacy were validated by primate and clinical trials (p < 0.01) in that it could not only stimulate serological immunity, but also reset core immunity for hosts to address variant evasion after 3D-E/BSC withdrawal. Particularly, illustrated by single-cell evolving trajectory, 3D-E/BSC had securely reset senile thymus of aging hosts to remodel core immunity by rearranging naive rhythm to evolve TRGC2+/JCHAIN+NKT clusters to abolish tumoral and viral evasion dynamics with path-feedbacks of NSCLC and COVID-19 simultaneously activated, leading to continuous blockade of breakthrough infection of viral-mutants and long-term survival in one-third of terminal patients without adjuvant required. Our study may pioneer a practical multifunctional strategy to eliminate evasion of SARS-CoV-2 variants and refractory NSCLC so as for victims to restart a new life-equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Nanxi Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jianchuan Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, West China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, West China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiancheng Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Huang H, Tsui YM, Ng IOL. Fueling HCC Dynamics: Interplay Between Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Initiating Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1105-1116. [PMID: 36736664 PMCID: PMC10036749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a common cancer worldwide. It is an aggressive cancer, with high rates of tumor relapse and metastasis, high chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Liver tumor-initiating cells (LTICs) are a distinctive subset of liver cancer cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities that contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor recurrence, metastasis, and chemo-drug resistance. LTICs, marked by different TIC markers, have high plasticity and use diverse signaling pathways to promote tumorigenesis and tumor progression. LTICs are nurtured in the tumor microenvironment (TME), where noncellular and cellular components participate to build an immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting niche. As a result, the TME has emerged as a promising anticancer therapeutic target, as exemplified by some successful applications of tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the plasticity of LTICs in terms of cellular differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cellular metabolism. We also discuss the various components of the TME, including its noncellular and cellular components. Thereafter, we discuss the mutual interactions between TME and LTICs, including recently reported molecular mechanisms. Lastly, we summarize and describe new ideas concerning novel approaches and strategies for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Man Tsui
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Elyahu Y, Monsonego A. Thymus involution sets the clock of the aging T-cell landscape: Implications for declined immunity and tissue repair. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101231. [PMID: 33248315 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is generally characterized as a gradual increase in tissue damage, which is associated with senescence and chronic systemic inflammation and is evident in a variety of age-related diseases. The extent to which such tissue damage is a result of a gradual decline in immune regulation, which consequently compromises the capacity of the body to repair damages, has not been fully explored. Whereas CD4 T lymphocytes play a critical role in the orchestration of immunity, thymus involution initiates gradual changes in the CD4 T-cell landscape, which may significantly compromise tissue repair. In this review, we describe the lifespan accumulation of specific dysregulated CD4 T-cell subsets and their coevolution with systemic inflammation in the process of declined immunity and tissue repair capacity with age. Then, we discuss the process of thymus involution-which appears to be most pronounced around puberty-as a possible driver of the aging T-cell landscape. Finally, we identify individualized T cell-based early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehezqel Elyahu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Bhattacharya S, Calar K, de la Puente P. Mimicking tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions employing three-dimensional in vitro models. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:75. [PMID: 32357910 PMCID: PMC7195738 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complex and not entirely understood. These complex configurations lead to the generation of oxygen-deprived conditions within the tumor niche, which modulate several intrinsic TME elements to promote immunosuppressive outcomes. Decoding these communications is necessary for designing effective therapeutic strategies that can effectively reduce tumor-associated chemotherapy resistance by employing the inherent potential of the immune system.While classic two-dimensional in vitro research models reveal critical hypoxia-driven biochemical cues, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the TME-immune manifestations. In this study, we review various 3D cell culture models currently being utilized to foster an oxygen-deprived TME, those that assess the dynamics associated with TME-immune cell penetrability within the tumor-like spatial structure, and discuss state of the art 3D systems that attempt recreating hypoxia-driven TME-immune outcomes. We also highlight the importance of integrating various hallmarks, which collectively might influence the functionality of these 3D models.This review strives to supplement perspectives to the quickly-evolving discipline that endeavors to mimic tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions using 3D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th Street N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th Street N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th Street N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Hou P, Lu Y, Yang H, Lin X, Su C, Wei Y, Yang X, Yang H, Zhao X, Chen X. Transcription-Related Dynamics from Immune Disability into Endogenous Innovation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900767. [PMID: 31832307 PMCID: PMC6891922 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
So far, thymus involution in adults is believed to be irreversible, and endogenous innovation for thymus-related immunodeficiency remains to be an intractable puzzle. With the expectation of addressing this dilemma, human ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) has been reengineered as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-tridimensional-spheroid biologics (ETSB) using a dynamic EMT-3D-floating system along with 160 Gy X-ray-amelioration, which inoculates subcutaneously into aging rhesus and athymic Balb/c nu/nu mice. Herein, it is bioinformatically validated that ETSB can reset Clock/Arntl-Per3/Tim molecule rhythm dynamics to re-prime thymus residual (parathyroid or fatty-like invalid vesicles yet no thymic architecture) to evolutionary transcription with overall cortex-medulla endogenized by TECs undergoing MET/EMT reversion. Rhythm dynamics immediately resettles the bHLH-LTβR-NFκB-RelA/B loop as a cascade to provoke the core immune microenvironment for multifunctional innovation of dynamic TCR orchestration, with harmonious naïve T-subsets and TRECs renewals (P < 0.005). Subsequently, peripheral biological burden and tumor metastasis dynamics are addressed by innovative TCR-defense/attack dynamics quickly (P < 0.005 vs Control), yet without autoimmune indication to hosts. Moreover, a functional blockade of core-rhythm dynamics deeply impedes the endogenous innovation of invalid thymus residual. Thus this study may help pioneer a prospective strategy to innovate panoramic central-peripheral immune microenvironments and defense dynamics for immune-deficient/aging victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Panyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Yanan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Department of Gynecology & ObstetricsWest China Hospital/Second HospitalSichuan UniversityNo 20, Section 3, South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Department of Gynecology & ObstetricsWest China Hospital/Second HospitalSichuan UniversityNo 20, Section 3, South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Xiulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Hanshuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology & ObstetricsWest China Hospital/Second HospitalSichuan UniversityNo 20, Section 3, South Renmin RoadChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityKeyuan Road 4 No. 1, High Technological Development ZoneChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
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