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Feng X, Yu F, He XL, Cheng PP, Niu Q, Zhao LQ, Li Q, Cui XL, Jia ZH, Ye SY, Liang LM, Song LJ, Xiong L, Xiang F, Wang X, Ma WL, Ye H. CD8 + tissue-resident memory T cells are essential in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C1178-C1191. [PMID: 39246141 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00368.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Human tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play a crucial role in protecting the body from infections and cancers. Recent research observed increased numbers of TRM cells in the lung tissues of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. However, the functional consequences of TRM cells in pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. Here, we found that the numbers of TRM cells, especially the CD8+ subset, were increased in the mouse lung with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Increasing or decreasing CD8+ TRM cells in mouse lungs accordingly altered the severity of fibrosis. In addition, the adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells containing a large number of CD8+ TRM cells from fibrotic lungs was sufficient to induce pulmonary fibrosis in control mice. Treatment with chemokine CC-motif ligand (CCL18) induced CD8+ TRM cell expansion and exacerbated fibrosis, whereas blocking C-C chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) prevented CD8+ TRM recruitment and inhibited pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, CD8+ TRM cells are essential for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting CCL18/CCR8/CD8+ TRM cells may be a potential therapeutic approach. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of CD8+ TRM cells in the development of pulmonary fibrosis was validated and studied in the classic model of pulmonary fibrosis. It was proposed for the first time that CCL18 has a chemotactic effect on CD8+ TRM cells, thereby exacerbating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Liang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yi Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Biby S, Mondal P, Xu Y, Gomm A, Kaur B, Namme JN, Wang C, Tanzi RE, Zhang S, Zhang C. Functional Characterization of an Arylsulfonamide-Based Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3576-3586. [PMID: 39297418 PMCID: PMC11450741 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays key roles in human pathophysiology, suggesting it as a potential drug target. Currently, studies have yet to develop compounds that are promising therapeutics in the clinic by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Herein, we aim to further biologically characterize a previously identified small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome from our group, YM-I-26, to confirm its functional activities. We showed that YM-I-26 is highly selective toward the NLRP3 inflammasome and binds to NLRP3 directly. A systemic analysis revealed YM-I-26 with inflammation-related and immunomodulatory activities by the Eurofins BioMAP Diversity PLUS panel. In addition, studies using the mouse microglia BV2 cell model demonstrated that YM-I-26 is not cytotoxic, improved the phagocytotic functions of BV2 cells toward beta-amyloid, and suppressed the production of cytokines of IL-1β and IL-10 upon the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Collectively, our studies support the functional activities of YM-I-26 as a NLRP3 inhibitor in physiologically relevant cell models, and warrant future studies of YM-I-26 and its analogs to advance the drug development as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Biby
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Genetics
and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral
Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Ashley Gomm
- Genetics
and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral
Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Jannatun N. Namme
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics
and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral
Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics
and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral
Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Chen H, Xia Z, Qing B, Wang W, Gu L, Chen Y, Wang J, Yuan Y. Analysis of necroptosis-related prognostic genes and immune infiltration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119139. [PMID: 37051233 PMCID: PMC10083386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIPF is an undetermined, progressive lung disease. Necroptosis is a type of programmed apoptosis, which involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases like COPD and ARDS. However, necroptosis in IPF have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to investigate the necroptosis in IPF and the relationship between necroptosis and immune infiltration, to construct a prognostic prediction model of IPF based on necroptosis-related genes.MethodsGSE110147 was downloaded from the GEO database and utilized to analyze the expression of necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (NRDEGs). Then NRDEGs were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks in the STRING database, and Cytoscape software was used to identify and visualize hub genes. Necroptosis-related prognosticgenes were explored in GSE70866, and a prognostic prediction model was constructed. The ImmuCellAI algorithm was utilized to analyze the landscape of immune infiltration in GSE110147. The single-cell RNA sequencing dataset GSE122960 was used to explore the association between necroptosis and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT II) in IPF. The GSE213001 and GSE93606 were used for external validation. The expression of prognostic genes was quantified using RT-qPCRin the IPF A549 cell model, and was further verified by western blotting in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.ResultsIt was observed that necroptosis-related signaling pathways were abundantly enriched in IPF. 29 NRDEGs were screened, of which 12 showed consistent expression trends in GSE213001. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of NRDEGs was positively correlated with the infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells, and negatively correlated with the infiltration of anti-inflammatory immune cells. NRDEGs, including MLKL, were highly expressed in AT II of fibrotic lung tissue. A necroptosis-related prediction model was constructed based on 4 NRDEGsby the cox stepwise regression. In the validation dataset GSE93606, the prognostic prediction model showed good applicability. The verification results of RT-qPCR and western blotting showed the reliability of most of the conclusions.ConclusionsThis study revealed that necroptosis existed in IPF and might occur in AT II. Necroptosis was associated with immune infiltration, suggesting that necroptosis of AT II might involve in IPF by activating immune infiltration and immune response.
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Yang MY, Lin YJ, Han MM, Bi YY, He XY, Xing L, Jeong JH, Zhou TJ, Jiang HL. Pathological collagen targeting and penetrating liposomes for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 351:623-637. [PMID: 36191673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic interstitial lung disease in which collagen progressively deposits in the supporting framework of the lungs. The pathological collagen creates a recalcitrant barrier in mesenchyme for drug penetration, thus greatly restricting the therapeutical efficacy. On the other hand, this overloaded collagen is gradually exposed to the bloodstream at fibrotic sites because of the vascular hyperpermeability, thus serving as a potential target. Herein, pathological collagen targeting and penetrating liposomes (DP-CC) were constructed to deliver anti-fibrotic dual drugs including pirfenidone (PFD) and dexamethasone (DEX) deep into injured alveoli. The liposomes were co-decorated with collagen binding peptide (CBP) and collagenase (COL). CBP could help vehicle recognize the pathological collagen and target the fibrotic lungs efficiently because of its high affinity to collagen, and COL assisted in breaking through the collagen barrier and delivering vehicle to the center of injured sites. Then, the released dual drugs developed a synergistic anti-fibrotic effect to repair the damaged epithelium and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus rebuilding the lung architecture. This study provides a promising strategy to deliver drugs deep into pathological collagen accumulated sites for the enhanced treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Meng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Yang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xing-Yue He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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5
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Microenvironment Targeted Delivery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152322. [PMID: 35954166 PMCID: PMC9367455 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects an increasing number of people globally, yet treatment options remain limited. At present, conventional treatments depending on drug therapy do not show an ideal effect in reversing the lung damage or extending the lives of IPF patients. In recent years, more and more attention has focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) which show extraordinary therapeutic effects in inflammation, fibrosis disease, and tissue damage repair in many kinds of disease therapy. More importantly, EVs can be modified or used as a drug or cytokine delivery tool, targeting injury sites to enhance treatment efficiency. In light of this, the treatment strategy of mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF provides a new idea for the treatment of IPF. In this review, we summarized the inflammation, immune dysregulation, and extracellular matrix microenvironment (ECM) disorders in the IPF microenvironment in order to reveal the treatment strategy of MSC-EVs targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF.
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Hou Z, Zhang H, Xu K, Zhu S, Wang L, Su D, Liu J, Su S, Liu D, Huang S, Xu J, Pan Z, Tao J. Cluster analysis of splenocyte microRNAs in the pig reveals key signal regulators of immunomodulation in the host during acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:58. [PMID: 35177094 PMCID: PMC8851844 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause a geographically widespread zoonosis. Our previous splenocyte microRNA profile analyses of pig infected with T. gondii revealed that the coordination of a large number of miRNAs regulates the host immune response during infection. However, the functions of other miRNAs involved in the immune regulation during T. gondii infection are not yet known. METHODS Clustering analysis was performed by K-means, self-organizing map (SOM), and hierarchical clustering to obtain miRNA groups with the similar expression patterns. Then, the target genes of the miRNA group in each subcluster were further analyzed for functional enrichment by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway to recognize the key signaling molecules and the regulatory signatures of the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host during T. gondii infection. RESULTS A total of 252 miRNAs were successfully divided into 22 subclusters by K-means clustering (designated as K1-K22), 29 subclusters by SOM clustering (designated as SOM1-SOM29), and six subclusters by hierarchical clustering (designated as H1-H6) based on their dynamic expression levels in the different infection stages. A total of 634, 660, and 477 GO terms, 15, 26, and 14 KEGG pathways, and 16, 15, and 7 Reactome pathways were significantly enriched by K-means, SOM, and hierarchical clustering, respectively. Of note, up to 22 miRNAs mainly showing downregulated expression at 50 days post-infection (dpi) were grouped into one subcluster (namely subcluster H3-K17-SOM1) through the three algorithms. Functional analysis revealed that a large group of immunomodulatory signaling molecules were controlled by the different miRNA groups to regulate multiple immune processes, for instance, IL-1-mediated cellular response and Th1/Th2 cell differentiation partly depending on Notch signaling transduction for subclusters K1 and K2, innate immune response involved in neutrophil degranulation and TLR4 cascade signaling for subcluster K15, B cell activation for subclusters SOM17, SOM1, and SOM25, leukocyte migration, and chemokine activity for subcluster SOM9, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for subcluster H2, and interleukin production, chemotaxis of immune cells, chemokine signaling pathway, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway for subcluster H3-K17-SOM1. CONCLUSIONS Cluster analysis of splenocyte microRNAs in the pig revealed key regulatory properties of subcluster miRNA molecules and important features in the immune regulation induced by acute and chronic T. gondii infection. These results contribute new insight into the identification of physiological immune responses and maintenance of tolerance in pig spleen tissues during T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangzhi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingzeyang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- YEBIO Bioengineering Co., Ltd. of QINGDAO, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Lin D, Song Q, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen F, Du S, Xiang S, Wang L, Wu X, Sun X. Bacillus subtilis Attenuates Hepatic and Intestinal Injuries and Modulates Gut Microbiota and Gene Expression Profiles in Mice Infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766205. [PMID: 34869360 PMCID: PMC8635066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infection can induce pathological injuries and impact the gut microbiota diversity and composition of the host. Bacillus subtilis is a nonpathogenic and noninvasive probiotic bacterium for humans and other animals, playing an important role in improving the host immune system’s ability to respond to intestinal and liver diseases and modulating gut microbiota. However, whether B. subtilis can impact biological functions in Schistosoma japonicum–infected mice is unclear. This study used oral administration (OA) of B. subtilis to treat mice infected with S. japonicum. We evaluated changes in the gut microbiota of infected mice using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and differentially expressed gene profiles using transcriptome sequencing after OA B. subtilis. We found that OA B. subtilis significantly attenuated hepatic and intestinal pathological injuries in infected mice. The gut microbiota of mice were significantly altered after S. japonicum infection, while OA B. subtilis remodel the diversity and composition of gut microbiomes of infected mice. We found that the S. japonicum–infected mice with OA B. subtilis had an overabundance of the most prevalent bacterial genera, including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminiclostridium, and Enterobacter. Transcriptomic analysis of intestinal tissues revealed that OA B. subtilis shaped the intestinal microenvironment of the host responding to S. japonicum infection. Differentially expressed genes were classified into KEGG pathways between S. japonicum–infected mice and those without included cell adhesion molecules, intestinal immune network for IgA production, hematopoietic cell lineage, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, calcium signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, chemokine signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, pancreatic secretion, and phagosome. In conclusion, our findings showed that OA B. subtilis alleviates pathological injuries and regulates gene expression, implying that B. subtilis supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for schistosomiasis. Our study may highlight the value of probiotics as a beneficial supplementary therapy during human schistosomiasis, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Du
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suoyu Xiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
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Hemmers S, Schizas M, Rudensky AY. T reg cell-intrinsic requirements for ST2 signaling in health and neuroinflammation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211487. [PMID: 33095261 PMCID: PMC7590508 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ST2, the receptor for the alarmin IL-33, is expressed by a subset of regulatory T (T reg) cells residing in nonlymphoid tissues, and these cells can potently expand upon provision of exogenous IL-33. Whether the accumulation and residence of T reg cells in tissues requires their cell-intrinsic expression of and signaling by ST2, or whether indirect IL-33 signaling acting on other cells suffices, has been a matter of contention. Here, we report that ST2 expression on T reg cells is largely dispensable for their accumulation and residence in nonlymphoid organs, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), even though cell-intrinsic sensing of IL-33 promotes type 2 cytokine production by VAT-residing T reg cells. In addition, we uncovered a novel ST2-dependent role for T reg cells in limiting the size of IL-17A–producing γδT cells in the CNS in a mouse model of neuroinflammation, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Finally, ST2 deficiency limited to T reg cells led to disease exacerbation in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hemmers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michail Schizas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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9
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Role of IL-37- and IL-37-Treated Dendritic Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6454177. [PMID: 34471467 PMCID: PMC8405329 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6454177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most countries. Inflammation is responsible for plaque instability and the subsequent onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which is one of the leading causes of hospitalization. Therefore, exploring the potential mechanism underlying ACS is of considerable concern, and searching for alternative therapeutic targets is very urgent. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) inhibits the production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and acts as a natural inhibitor of innate and adaptive immunity. Interestingly, our previous study with murine models showed that IL-37 alleviated cardiac remodeling and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Of note, our clinical study revealed that IL-37 is elevated and plays a beneficial role in patients with ACS. Moreover, dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate both immunity and tolerance, and tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are characterized by more secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. As expected, IL-37-treated DCs are tolerogenic. Hence, we speculate that IL-37- or IL-37-treated DCs is a novel therapeutic possibility for ACS, and the precise mechanism of IL-37 requires further study.
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10
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Deng N, Guo X, Chen Q, Liu L, Chen S, Wang A, Li R, Huang Y, Ding X, Yu H, Hu S, Zhao Y, Chen X, Nie H. Anti-F4/80 treatment attenuates Th2 cell responses: Implications for the role of lung interstitial macrophages in the asthmatic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108009. [PMID: 34315114 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung interstitial macrophages (IMs) can be polarized towards an alternative activation phenotype in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. However, the role of alternative activation of lung IMs in Th2 cell responses in the asthmatic murine is still unclear. Here, we leverage an anti-F4/80 treatment which has been shown to selectively deplete IMs in mice and investigate how this treatment modulates Th2 cell responses in lung and whether the modulation is dependent on lung IMs in murine models of asthma. We show that anti-F4/80 treatment alleviates Th2 cell responses in mice immunized and challenged with OVA or house dust mite (HDM). The anti-F4/80 treatment does not target lung alveolar macrophages (AMs) in OVA-induced asthmatic mice or impact the abundance of other immune cell types, including B cells, T cells, and NK cells in wild-type mice. However, this treatment does inhibit the expression of polarized markers of alternatively activated macrophages, including arginase-1, Ym-1, and Fizz-1 in the lung tissues from OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, we find that the inhibitory effects of anti-F4/80 treatment on Th2 cell responses can be reversed upon adoptive transfer of lung IMs. Taken together, our data show that anti-F4/80 treatment attenuates Th2 cell responses, which is at least partially related to depletion of lung IMs in murine models of asthma. This suggests that targeted lung IMs may provide a potential therapeutic protocol for the treatment of asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Deng
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuxue Guo
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qianhui Chen
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Nursing Department, Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuhong Ding
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hongying Yu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Suping Hu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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11
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Ho CH, Cheng CH, Huang TW, Peng SY, Lee KM, Cheng PC. Switched phenotypes of macrophages during the different stages of Schistosoma japonicum infection influenced the subsequent trends of immune responses. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:503-526. [PMID: 34330662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play crucial roles in immune responses during the course of schistosomal infections. METHODS We currently investigated influence of immunocompetent changes in macrophages via microarray-based analysis, mRNA expression analysis, detection of serum cytokines, and subsequent evaluation of the immune phenotypes following the differentiation of infection-induced lymphocytes in a unique T1/T2 double-transgenic mouse model. RESULTS The gradual upregulation of genes encoding YM1, YM2, and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 receptors in infected mice indicated the role of type 2 alternatively activated macrophages (M2, AAMφs) in immune responses after Schistosoma japonicum egg production. FACS analysis showed that surface markers MHC class II (IA/IE) and CD8α+ of the macrophages also exhibited a dramatic change at the various time points before and after egg-production. The transgenic mouse experiments further demonstrated that the shifting of macrophage phenotypes influenced the percentage of helper T (Th)-2 cells, which was observed to be higher than that of Th1 cells, which increased only at 3 and 5 weeks post-infection. The differentiation of effector B cells showed a similar but more significant trend toward type-2 immunity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the infection of mice with S. japonicum resulted in a final Th2- and Be2-skewed immune response. This may be due to phenotypic changes in the macrophages. The influence of alternatively activated macrophages was also activated by S. japonicum egg production. This study elucidated the existence of variations in immune mechanisms at the schistosome infection stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsun Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Kin-Mu Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Santos MP, Gonçalves-Santos E, Gonçalves RV, Santos EC, Campos CC, Bastos DSS, Marques MJ, Souza RLM, Novaes RD. Doxycycline aggravates granulomatous inflammation and lung microstructural remodeling induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107462. [PMID: 33611055 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although doxycycline exhibits immunomodulatory properties, its effects on pulmonary infection by Schistosoma mansoni remain overlooked. Thus, we investigated the impact of this drug on lung granulomatous inflammation and microstructural remodeling in a murine model of schistosomiasis. Swiss mice were randomized in four groups: (i) uninfected, (ii) infected with S. mansoni and untreated, (iii) infected treated with praziquantel (Pzq; 200 mg/kg), and (iv) infected treated with Dox (50 mg/kg). Pz was administered in a single dose, and Dox for 60 days. S. mansoni induced marked granulomatous lung inflammation, which was associated to cytokines upregulation (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β), neutrophils and macrophages recruitment, alveolar collapse, lung fibrosis, and extensive depletion of elastic fibers. These parameters were attenuated by Pzq and aggravated by Dox. Exudative/productive granulomas were predominant in untreated and Dox-treated animals, while fibrotic granulomas were more frequent in Pzq-treated mice. The number and size of granulomas in Dox-treated animals was higher than untreated and Pzq-treated mice. Dox treatment inhibited the increase in MMP-1 and MMP-2 activity but upregulated myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity compared to untreated and Pzq-treated animals. Dox and Pzq exerted no effect on elastin depletion and upregulation of elastase activity. Together, our findings indicated that Dox aggravated granulomatous inflammation, accelerating lung microstructural remodeling by downregulating MMP-1 and MMP-2 activity without impair neutrophils and macrophages recruitment or elastase activity. Thus, Dox potentiates inflammatory damage associated with lung fibrosis, elastin depletion and massive alveolar collapse, profoundly subverting lung structure in S. mansoni-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida P Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elda Gonçalves-Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila C Campos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel S S Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Marques
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel L M Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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13
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Zhang S, Sousa A, Lin M, Iwano A, Jain R, Ma B, Lee CM, Park JW, Kamle S, Carlson R, Lee GG, Elias JA, Wands JR. Role of Chitinase 3-Like 1 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33498326 PMCID: PMC7909438 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered human glycoprotein, chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1), may play a role in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and visceral fat accumulation. We hypothesize that Chi3L1 gene expression is important in the development of hepatic insulin resistance characterized by the generation of pAKT, pGSK, and pERK in wild type and Chi3L1 knockout (KO) murine liver following insulin stimulation. The Chi3L1 gene and protein expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and ELISA; lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was also assessed. To alter Chi3L1 function, three different anti-Chi3L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were administered in vivo and effects on the insulin signaling cascade and hepatic lipid deposition were determined. Transmission of the hepatic insulin signal was substantially improved following KO of the CHi3L1 gene and there was reduced lipid deposition produced by a HFD. The HFD-fed mice exhibited increased Chi3L1 expression in the liver and there was impaired insulin signal transduction. All three anti-Chi3L1 mAbs partially restored hepatic insulin sensitivity which was associated with reduced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes as well. A KO of the Chi3L1 gene reduced lipid accumulation and improved insulin signaling. Therefore, Chi3L1 gene upregulation may be an important factor in the generation of NAFLD/NASH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Aryanna Sousa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Mengqui Lin
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ayako Iwano
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Rishubh Jain
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Rolf Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ghun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jack R. Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
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14
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Shenderov K, Collins SL, Powell JD, Horton MR. Immune dysregulation as a driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143226. [PMID: 33463535 DOI: 10.1172/jci143226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, reducing their quality of life and leading to death from respiratory failure within years of diagnosis. Treatment options remain limited, with only two FDA-approved drugs available in the United States, neither of which reverse the lung damage caused by the disease or prolong the life of individuals with IPF. The only cure for IPF is lung transplantation. In this review, we discuss recent major advances in our understanding of the role of the immune system in IPF that have revealed immune dysregulation as a critical driver of disease pathophysiology. We also highlight ways in which an improved understanding of the immune system's role in IPF may enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies that successfully halt or potentially even reverse lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shenderov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel L Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Huynh KM, Wong ACY, Wu B, Horschman M, Zhao H, Brooks JD. Sprr2f protects against renal injury by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species in female mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F876-F884. [PMID: 33017192 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00318.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal injury leads to chronic kidney disease, with which women are not only more likely to be diagnosed than men but have poorer outcomes as well. We have previously shown that expression of small proline-rich region 2f (Sprr2f), a member of the small proline-rich region (Sprr) gene family, is increased several hundredfold after renal injury using a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. To better understand the role of Sprr2f in renal injury, we generated a Sprr2f knockout (Sprr2f-KO) mouse model using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Sprr2f-KO female mice showed greater renal damage after UUO compared with wild-type (Sprr2f-WT) animals, as evidenced by higher hydroxyproline levels and denser collagen staining, indicating a protective role of Sprr2f during renal injury. Gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing identified 162 genes whose expression levels were significantly different between day 0 and day 5 after UUO in Sprr2f-KO mice. Of the 162 genes, 121 genes were upregulated after UUO and enriched with those involved in oxidation-reduction, a phenomenon not observed in Sprr2f-WT animals, suggesting a protective role of Sprr2f in UUO through defense against oxidative damage. Consistently, bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury resulted in higher serum blood urea nitrogen levels and higher tissue reactive oxygen species in Sprr2f-KO compared with Sprr2f-WT female mice. Moreover, cultured renal epithelial cells from Sprr2f-KO female mice showed lower viability after oxidative damage induced by menadione compared with Sprr2f-WT cells that could be rescued by supplementation with reduced glutathione, suggesting that Sprr2f induction after renal damage acts as a defense against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu My Huynh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Anny Chuu-Yun Wong
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Marc Horschman
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Hongjuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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16
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Toldi G, Legány N, Ocsovszki I, Balog A. Calcium Influx Kinetics and the Characteristics of Potassium Channels in Peripheral T Lymphocytes in Systemic Sclerosis. Pathobiology 2020; 87:311-316. [PMID: 32911471 DOI: 10.1159/000509674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, immune-mediated, connective tissue disease causing microvascular abnormalities and fibrosis. The cytoplasmic calcium influx kinetics in T lymphocytes governs lymphocyte activation in this inflammatory process. The inhibition of Kv1.3 and IKCa1 potassium channels reduces calcium influx. METHODS This study aimed to analyze cytoplasmic calcium influx kinetics following activation in Th1, Th2, and CD8 cells in peripheral blood of 12 healthy individuals and 16 patients with systemic sclerosis using flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effect of the specific inhibition of the Kv1.3 and IKCa1 potassium channels. RESULTS We observed higher levels of activation in CD8 compared with Th1 cells in SSc. However, the activation of CD8 cells was lower in SSc compared to healthy controls. Moreover, activation of Th1 lymphocytes was slower in SSc than in healthy controls. The inhibition of IKCa1 channels decreased the activation of Th1 cells, while the inhibition of Kv1.3 channels modified the dynamics of activation of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in SSc. CONCLUSION Th1 and CD8 cells demonstrate specific activation dynamics and sensitivity to potassium channel inhibition in SSc, distinguishing this condition both from healthy controls and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Toldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Nóra Legány
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Balog
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Bai X, Li M, Wang X, Chang H, Ni Y, Li C, He K, Wang H, Yang Y, Tian T, Hou M, Ji M, Xu Z. Therapeutic potential of fucoidan in the reduction of hepatic pathology in murine schistosomiasis japonica. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:451. [PMID: 32894174 PMCID: PMC7487607 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic granuloma formation and fibrosis as the consequence of tissue entrapped eggs produced by female schistosomes characterize the pathology of Schistosoma japonicum infection. It has been proposed that fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide existing naturally in brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, plays a diversified role to perform immunomodulatory activities. However, whether fucoidan functions in the host hepatic pathology is unknown and identifying the potential mechanism that is responsible for hepatic improvement is still necessary. METHODS We evaluated the hepatic pathology from S. japonicum-infected mice after treatment with fucoidan. qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the pro- or anti-inflammatory factors and the phosphorylated p65 in the livers. In addition, flow cytometry was also performed to investigate the T cell subsets in the S. japonicum-infected mice after treatment with fucoidan, and functional molecules relatively specific to Treg cells were detected in vitro. Furthermore, macrophages were treated with fucoidan in vitro and to detect the inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Treatment with fucoidan significantly reduced the hepatic granuloma size and fibrosis response during S. japonicum infection. The attenuated phospho-p65 protein levels and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α) were observed in the livers from fucoidan-treated S. japonicum-infected mice; however, the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were increased. In addition, the infiltration of Treg cells was significantly enhanced both in the livers and spleens from fucoidan-treated S. japonicum-infected mice. Consistent with this, the mRNA levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were dramatically increased in the livers from S. japonicum-infected mice after fucoidan treatment. Furthermore, in vitro stimulated splenocytes with fucoidan resulted in increasing Treg cells in splenocytes as well as the functional expression of CC chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and CXC chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) in Treg cells. Additionally, fucoidan promoted the mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an important role of natural fucoidan in reducing hepatic pathology in the progress of S. japonicum infection with a stronger Treg response, which may reveal a new potential therapeutic strategy for hepatic disease caused by parasitic chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Maining Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Kaiyue He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100 China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166 China
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18
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Singampalli KL, Balaji S, Wang X, Parikh UM, Kaul A, Gilley J, Birla RK, Bollyky PL, Keswani SG. The Role of an IL-10/Hyaluronan Axis in Dermal Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:636. [PMID: 32850791 PMCID: PMC7396613 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation is the typical endpoint of postnatal dermal wound healing, which affects more than 100 million individuals annually. Not only do scars cause a functional burden by reducing the biomechanical strength of skin at the site of injury, but they also significantly increase healthcare costs and impose psychosocial challenges. Though the mechanisms that dictate how dermal wounds heal are still not completely understood, they are regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, neovascularization, and inflammatory responses. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has emerged as a key mediator of the pro- to anti-inflammatory transition that counters collagen deposition in scarring. In parallel, the high molecular weight (HMW) glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is present in the ECM and acts in concert with IL-10 to block pro-inflammatory signals and attenuate fibrotic responses. Notably, high concentrations of both IL-10 and HMW HA are produced in early gestational fetal skin, which heals scarlessly. Since fibroblasts are responsible for collagen deposition, it is critical to determine how the concerted actions of IL-10 and HA drive their function to potentially control fibrogenesis. Beyond their independent actions, an auto-regulatory IL-10/HA axis may exist to modulate the magnitude of CD4+ effector T lymphocyte activation and enhance T regulatory cell function in order to reduce scarring. This review underscores the pathophysiological impact of the IL-10/HA axis as a multifaceted molecular mechanism to direct primary cell responders and regulators toward either regenerative dermal tissue repair or scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya L Singampalli
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Umang M Parikh
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Chao T, Gomez BI, Heard TC, Dubick MA, Burmeister DM. Increased oxidative phosphorylation in lymphocytes does not atone for decreased cell numbers after burn injury. Innate Immun 2020; 26:403-412. [PMID: 31906760 PMCID: PMC7903530 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918805544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) that occur in large burn injuries may be attributed, in part, to immunosuppressive responses such as decreased lymphocytes. However, the mitochondrial bioenergetics of lymphocytes after severe burn injury are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine mitochondrial function of lymphocytes following severe burns in a swine model. Anesthetized Yorkshire swine (n = 17) sustained 40% total body surface area full-thickness contact burns. Blood was collected at pre-injury (Baseline; BL) and at 24 and 48 h after injury for complete blood cell analysis, flow cytometry, cytokine analysis, and ficoll separation of intact lymphocytes for high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry analysis. While neutrophil numbers increased, a concomitant decrease was found in lymphocytes (P < 0.001) after burn injury, which was not specific to CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes. No changes in immune cell population were observed from 24 h to 48 h post-injury. IL 12-23 decreased while a transient increase in IL 4 was found from BL to 24h (P < 0.05). CRP progressively increased from BL to 24h (P < 0.05) and 48h (P < 0.001) post-injury. Routine and maximal mitochondrial respiration progressively increased from BL to 24h (P < 0.05) and 48 h post-injury (P < 0.001). No changes were found in leak respiration or residual oxygen consumption. When considering the reduction in lymphocyte number, the total peripheral lymphocyte bioenergetics per volume of blood significantly decreased from BL to 24h and 48h (P < 0.05). For the first time, we were able to measure mitochondrial activity in intact lymphocyte mitochondria through high-resolution respirometry in a severely burned swine model. Our data showed that the non-specific reduction in peripheral T cells after injury was larger than the increased mitochondrial activity in those cells, which may be a compensatory mechanism for the total reduction in lymphocytes. Additional studies in the metabolic activation of T cell subpopulations may provide diagnostic or therapeutic targets after severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chao
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research,
TX, USA
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20
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Otoupalova E, Smith S, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:509-547. [PMID: 32163196 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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21
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Yanamala N, Desai IC, Miller W, Kodali VK, Syamlal G, Roberts JR, Erdely AD. Grouping of carbonaceous nanomaterials based on association of patterns of inflammatory markers in BAL fluid with adverse outcomes in lungs. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1102-1116. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1640911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ishika C. Desai
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William Miller
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi K. Kodali
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Girija Syamlal
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aaron D. Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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22
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Dias MV, Castro AP, Campos CC, Souza-Silva TG, Gonçalves RV, Souza RLM, Marques MJ, Novaes RD. Doxycycline hyclate: A schistosomicidal agent in vitro with immunomodulatory potential on granulomatous inflammation in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:324-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Unmet Needs in Systemic Sclerosis Understanding and Treatment: the Knowledge Gaps from a Scientist's, Clinician's, and Patient's Perspective. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 55:312-331. [PMID: 28866756 PMCID: PMC6244948 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by a complex molecular circuitry. For decades, clinical and molecular research focused on understanding the primary process of fibrosis. More recently, the inflammatory, immunological and vascular components that precede the actual onset of fibrosis, have become a matter of increasing scientific scrutiny. As a consequence, the field has started to realize that the early identification of this syndrome is crucial for optimal clinical care as well as for understanding its pathology. The cause of SSc cannot be appointed to a single molecular pathway but to a multitude of molecular aberrances in a spatial and temporal matter and on the backbone of the patient's genetic predisposition. These alterations underlie the plethora of signs and symptoms which patients experience and clinicians look for, ultimately culminating in fibrotic features. To solve this complexity, a close interaction among the patient throughout its "journey," the clinician through its clinical assessments and the researcher with its experimental design, seems to be required. In this review, we aimed to highlight the features of SSc through the eyes of these three professionals, all with their own expertise and opinions. With this unique setup, we underscore the importance of investigating the role of environmental factors in the onset and perpetuation of SSc, of focusing on the earliest signs and symptoms preceding fibrosis and on the application of holistic research approaches that include a multitude of potential molecular alterations in time in an unbiased fashion, in the search for a patient-tailored cure.
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24
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Tavalire HF, Beechler BR, Buss PE, Gorsich EE, Hoal EG, le Roex N, Spaan JM, Spaan RS, van Helden PD, Ezenwa VO, Jolles AE. Context-dependent costs and benefits of tuberculosis resistance traits in a wild mammalian host. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12712-12726. [PMID: 30619576 PMCID: PMC6308860 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease acts as a powerful driver of evolution in natural host populations, yet individuals in a population often vary in their susceptibility to infection. Energetic trade-offs between immune and reproductive investment lead to the evolution of distinct life history strategies, driven by the relative fitness costs and benefits of resisting infection. However, examples quantifying the cost of resistance outside of the laboratory are rare. Here, we observe two distinct forms of resistance to bovine tuberculosis (bTB), an important zoonotic pathogen, in a free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population. We characterize these phenotypes as "infection resistance," in which hosts delay or prevent infection, and "proliferation resistance," in which the host limits the spread of lesions caused by the pathogen after infection has occurred. We found weak evidence that infection resistance to bTB may be heritable in this buffalo population (h 2 = 0.10) and comes at the cost of reduced body condition and marginally reduced survival once infected, but also associates with an overall higher reproductive rate. Infection-resistant animals thus appear to follow a "fast" pace-of-life syndrome, in that they reproduce more quickly but die upon infection. In contrast, proliferation resistance had no apparent costs and was associated with measures of positive host health-such as having a higher body condition and reproductive rate. This study quantifies striking phenotypic variation in pathogen resistance and provides evidence for a link between life history variation and a disease resistance trait in a wild mammalian host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F. Tavalire
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
- The Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of OregonEugeneOregon
- Present address:
Prevention Science InstituteUniversity of OregonEugeneOregon
- Present address:
Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of OregonEugeneOregon
| | | | | | - Erin E. Gorsich
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
- Present address:
Erin E. Gorsich, Zeeman Institute: Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER)University of WarwickCoventryUK
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- South African Medical Research Council, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Nikki le Roex
- South African Medical Research Council, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Johannie M. Spaan
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Robert S. Spaan
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- South African Medical Research Council, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Vanessa O. Ezenwa
- Odum School of Ecology and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Anna E. Jolles
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
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25
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Shen N, Zhang H, Ren Y, He R, Xu J, Li C, Lai W, Gu X, Xie Y, Peng X, Yang G. A chitinase-like protein from Sarcoptes scabiei as a candidate anti-mite vaccine that contributes to immune protection in rabbits. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:599. [PMID: 30454025 PMCID: PMC6245717 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the stratum corneum of the host's skin and is detrimental to the health of humans and animals. Vaccines are an attractive alternative to replace the acaricides currently used in their control. METHODS In the present study, the S. scabiei chitinase-like protein 5 (SsCLP5) was characterized and recombinant SsCLP5 (rSsCLP5) was evaluated as a candidate vaccine protein for anti-mite protection in rabbits. The expression, characterization and immunolocalization of SsCLP5 were examined. Vaccination experiments were performed on three test groups (n = 12 per group) immunized with purified rSsCLP5. Control groups (n = 12 per group) were immunized with PBS, QuilA saponin or empty vector protein. After challenge, the inflammatory reaction and skin lesions were graded and rSsCLP5 indirect ELISA was used to detect antibody IgG levels in serum samples at the time of vaccination and post-challenge. RESULTS The results showed that rSsCLP5 had high immunoreactivity and immunogenicity. In S. scabiei, SsCLP5 had a wide distribution in the chewing mouthpart, legs and exoskeleton, especially the outer layer of the exoskeleton. Vaccination with rSsCLP5 resulted in 74.3% (26/35) of rabbits showing no detectable lesions after challenge with S. scabiei. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that rSsCLP5 is a promising candidate for a recombinant protein-based vaccine against S. scabiei. This study also provides a method for studying scabies vaccine using rabbit as an animal model and a basis for screening more effective candidate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu G, Xiong W, Gu W, Wang CY. Macrophages: friend or foe in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Respir Res 2018; 19:170. [PMID: 30189872 PMCID: PMC6127991 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a prototype of lethal, chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Over the past decade, macrophage has been recognized to play a significant role in IPF pathogenesis. Depending on the local microenvironments, macrophages can be polarized to either classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes. In general, M1 macrophages are responsible for wound healing after alveolar epithelial injury, while M2 macrophages are designated to resolve wound healing processes or terminate inflammatory responses in the lung. IPF is a pathological consequence resulted from altered wound healing in response to persistent lung injury. In this review, we intend to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the process of macrophage polarization and its mediators in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Our goal is to update the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of IPF, and by which, we expect to provide help for developing effective therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guorao Wu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery-Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Aberrant plasma MMP and TIMP dynamics in Schistosoma - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006710. [PMID: 30089120 PMCID: PMC6101407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the different faces of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing in HIV-patients, no clinical definition has been reported for Schistosomiasis-IRIS (Schisto-IRIS). Although Schisto-IRIS remains largely uninvestigated, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) have previously been associated with S. mansoni infection and tuberculosis-IRIS. Here, we aimed to investigate the relevance of these markers in Schisto-IRIS. Methodology Patients were diagnosed with IRIS related to S. mansoni within a cohort of patients with Schistosomiasis-HIV co-infection, using a clinical working definition of Schisto-IRIS. We compared 9 patients who developed Schisto-IRIS to 9 Schisto+HIV+ controls who did not, and 9 Schisto-HIV+ controls. Plasma levels of MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-10, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, sCD14, intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, C-reactive protein, and 8 anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were analyzed prior to and during 3 months of ART. Principal findings Although no differences were observed for MMP-1 and -7, MMP-10 levels decreased significantly in Schisto+HIV+ controls during 3 months of ART (p = 0.005) while persisting in Schisto-IRIS patients at significantly higher levels compared to Schisto-HIV+ controls (p≤0.030). In contrast TIMP-1 levels only decreased significantly in Schisto-IRIS patients (p = 0.012), while TIMP-2 levels were lower compared to Schisto+HIV+ controls at 2 weeks (p = 0.007), 1 month (p = 0.005) and 3 months (p = 0.031) of ART. Five out of 8 ANAs studied decreased significantly in Schisto-IRIS patients after 1 month of ART(p≤0.039), whereas only 1 ANA decreased for Schisto+HIV+ controls (p = 0.027). Conclusions/Significance In this study, we propose a working definition for the diagnosis of Schisto-IRIS in resource limited settings. We report persistent plasma levels of MMP-10, along with a more pronounced decrease in TIMP-1 and ANA-levels, and low levels of TIMP-2 during 3 months of ART. Corresponding to the clinical symptoms, these data suggest that Schisto-IRIS is marked by unbalanced MMP/TIMP dynamics which favor inflammation. A subset of HIV-patients starting antiretroviral therapy are at risk of developing immune-driven worsening symptoms of a previously treated opportunistic infection. This paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has been abundantly described in common co-infections such as M. tuberculosis (TB-IRIS), whereas IRIS associated with Schistosoma mansoni (Schisto-IRIS) is less well studied. Nonetheless, HIV and S. mansoni are highly co-endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and the considerable clinical burden of Schisto-IRIS in the field should not be underestimated. Moreover, no clinical definition exists to help diagnose this complication. Although little is known about the immune dysregulation in Schisto-IRIS, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been linked to schistosomiasis and TB-IRIS on account of their role in tissue-destructive inflammation. The current study is nested within a three-month case-control study in schistosomiasis/HIV co-infected fishermen starting ART in Kenya. We propose a clinical working definition for Schisto-IRIS, based on critical evaluation of symptoms developing during ART. Our study now links aberrant dynamics of MMPs and TIMPs to Schisto-IRIS as well. Given the role of MMPs and TIMPs in tissue remodeling and inflammation, our findings suggest that Schisto-IRIS is marked by unbalanced MMP/TIMP dynamics that favor inflammation.
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28
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Chan JD, Day TA, Marchant JS. Coalescing beneficial host and deleterious antiparasitic actions as an antischistosomal strategy. eLife 2018; 7:35755. [PMID: 30059006 PMCID: PMC6095690 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional approaches for antiparasitic drug discovery center upon discovering selective agents that adversely impact parasites with minimal host side effects. Here, we show that agents with a broad polypharmacology, often considered ‘dirtier’ drugs, can have unique efficacy if they combine deleterious effects on the parasite with beneficial actions in the host. This principle is evidenced through a screen for drugs to treat schistosomiasis, a parasitic flatworm disease that impacts over 230 million people. A target-based screen of a Schistosoma serotoninergic G protein coupled receptor yielded the potent agonist, ergotamine, which disrupted worm movement. In vivo, ergotamine decreased mortality, parasite load and intestinal egg counts but also uniquely reduced organ pathology through engagement of host GPCRs that repressed hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammatory damage and fibrosis. The unique ability of ergotamine to engage both host and parasite GPCRs evidences a future strategy for anthelmintic drug design that coalesces deleterious antiparasitic activity with beneficial host effects. More than 200 million people worldwide are infected with parasitic worms that cause the disease schistosomiasis. Most cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Long-term infections can damage organs, and children who are affected may suffer delayed growth and learning difficulties. Despite its significant health and economic impact, schistosomiasis is still considered a ‘neglected’ tropical disease. This means there has not been adequate investment into developing new treatments or cures. A drug called praziquantel is currently the only treatment for schistosomiasis. However, the drug has unpleasant side effects, cannot cure all infected individuals, and there is a concern that worms may develop resistance to its effects. This means there is an urgent need to develop new therapies. One possible approach would be to develop drugs that interfere with the worm’s ability to move. Chan et al. screened thousands of existing chemicals for interactions with a protein that is known to control how the worms move. A drug called ergotamine, which is currently used to treat migraines, strongly interacted with the protein. Treating infected mice with ergotamine eliminated the parasites and reduced the organ damage caused by the infection. Praziquantel also reduced the number of parasites in the mice but it did not prevent organ damage. The results presented by Chan et al. show that a single drug can interact with targets in both the worm and the animals it infects. Searching for drugs that have this dual effect may help to develop more effective treatments for schistosomiasis and other diseases caused by parasites. Ergotamine itself is unlikely to be used to treat people for schistosomiasis because of the side effects produced when using it repeatedly. However, these findings will help researchers identify and develop safer drugs with similar benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Timothy A Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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Linard C, Brachet M, Strup-Perrot C, L'homme B, Busson E, Squiban C, Holler V, Bonneau M, Lataillade JJ, Bey E, Benderitter M. Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Quality and Stability of Vascularized Flap Surgery of Irradiated Skin in Pigs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:569-582. [PMID: 29777577 PMCID: PMC6090511 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous radiation syndrome has severe long-term health consequences. Because it causes an unpredictable course of inflammatory waves, conventional surgical treatment is ineffective and often leads to a fibronecrotic process. Data about the long-term stability of healed wounds, with neither inflammation nor resumption of fibrosis, are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effect of injections of local autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), combined with plastic surgery for skin necrosis, in a large-animal model. Three months after irradiation overexposure to the rump, minipigs were divided into three groups: one group treated by simple excision of the necrotic tissue, the second by vascularized-flap surgery, and the third by vascularized-flap surgery and local autologous BM-MSC injections. Three additional injections of the BM-MSCs were performed weekly for 3 weeks. The quality of cutaneous wound healing was examined 1 year post-treatment. The necrotic tissue excision induced a pathologic scar characterized by myofibroblasts, excessive collagen-1 deposits, and inadequate vascular density. The vascularized-flap surgery alone was accompanied by inadequate production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (decorin, fibronectin); the low col1/col3 ratio, associated with persistent inflammatory nodules, and the loss of vascularization both attested to continued immaturity of the ECM. BM-MSC therapy combined with vascularized-flap surgery provided mature wound healing characterized by a col1/col3 ratio and decorin and fibronectin expression that were all similar to that of nonirradiated skin, with no inflammation, and vascular stability. In this preclinical model, vascularized flap surgery successfully and lastingly remodeled irradiated skin only when combined with BM-MSC therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018:569-582.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Linard
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel Brachet
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Military Hospital of Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Carine Strup-Perrot
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno L'homme
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elodie Busson
- Research and Cell Therapy Department, Military Blood Transfusion Center, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Claire Squiban
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valerie Holler
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel Bonneau
- Centre of Research in Interventional Imaging, National Institut of Agronomic Research, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Research and Cell Therapy Department, Military Blood Transfusion Center, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Eric Bey
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Military Hospital of Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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30
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Motran CC, Silvane L, Chiapello LS, Theumer MG, Ambrosio LF, Volpini X, Celias DP, Cervi L. Helminth Infections: Recognition and Modulation of the Immune Response by Innate Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:664. [PMID: 29670630 PMCID: PMC5893867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of helminths in the host over long periods of time is the result of a process of adaptation or dynamic co-evolution between the host and the parasite. However, infection with helminth parasites causes damage to the host tissues producing the release of danger signals that induce the recruitment of various cells, including innate immune cells such as macrophages (Mo), dendritic cells (DCs), eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. In this scenario, these cells are able to secrete soluble factors, which orchestrate immune effector mechanisms that depend on the different niches these parasites inhabit. Here, we focus on recent advances in the knowledge of excretory-secretory products (ESP), resulting from helminth recognition by DCs and Mo. Phagocytes and other cells types such as innate lymphocyte T cells 2 (ILC2), when activated by ESP, participate in an intricate cytokine network to generate innate and adaptive Th2 responses. In this review, we also discuss the mechanisms of innate immune cell-induced parasite killing and the tissue repair necessary to assure helminth survival over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Motran
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Silvane
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Silvina Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martin Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daiana Pamela Celias
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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31
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Lutz C, Weder B, Hünerwadel A, Fagagnini S, Lang B, Beerenwinkel N, Rossel JB, Rogler G, Misselwitz B, Hausmann M. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD) 88 signalling is not essential for intestinal fibrosis development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17678. [PMID: 29247242 PMCID: PMC5732165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune response to microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can trigger intestinal fibrosis. MyD88 is a key component of microbiota signalling but its influence on intestinal fibrosis has not been clarified. Small bowel resections from donor-mice were transplanted subcutaneously into the neck of recipients C57BL/6 B6-MyD88tm1 Aki (MyD88-/-) and C57BL/6-Tg(UBC-green fluorescence protein (GFP))30Scha/J (GFP-Tg). Grafts were explanted up to 21 days after transplantation. Collagen layer thickness was determined using Sirius Red stained slides. In the mouse model of fibrosis collagen deposition and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression was equal in MyD88+/+ and MyD88-/-, indicating that MyD88 was not essential for fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)9 expression was significantly decreased in grafts transplanted into MyD88-/- recipients compared to MyD88+/+ recipients (0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 153.0 ± 23.1, respectively, p < 0.05), similarly recruitment of neutrophils was significantly reduced (16.3 ± 4.5 vs. 25.4 ± 3.1, respectively, p < 0.05). Development of intestinal fibrosis appears to be independent of MyD88 signalling indicating a minor role of bacterial wall compounds in the process which is in contrast to published concepts and theories. Development of fibrosis appears to be uncoupled from acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Fagagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lang
- Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J B Rossel
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Li YQ, Chen YF, Dang YP, Wang Y, Shang ZZ, Ma Q, Wang YJ, Zhang J, Luo L, Li QQ, Zhao L. Corilagin Counteracts IL-13Rα1 Signaling Pathway in Macrophages to Mitigate Schistosome Egg-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:443. [PMID: 29094025 PMCID: PMC5651236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway and M2 macrophages play crucial roles in schistosome egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of corilagin on schistosome egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via the IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway in M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-13Rα1, PPARγ, KLF4, SOCS1, STAT6, p-STAT6, and TGF-β was measured in vitro with corilagin treatment after IL-13 stimulation and in vivo corilagin treatment after effectively killing the adult schistosomes in schistosome-infected mice. Histological analysis of liver tissue was assessed for the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The results revealed that corilagin significantly reduced the expression of PPARγ, KLF4, SOCS1, p-STAT6, and TGF-β compared with model group and praziquantel administration (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in vivo and in vitro, which indicated a strong inhibitory effect of corilagin on IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway. As well, the inhibitory effect of corilagin showed a significant dose-dependence (p < 0.05). The area of fibrosis and distribution of M2 macrophages in mouse liver tissue were reduced significantly and dose-dependently with corilagin treatment compared to model group or praziquantel administration (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), indicating that corilagin suppressed IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway and M2 macrophage polarization effectively in vivo. Furthermore, the anti-fibrogenic effect persisted even when IL-13Rα1 was up- or down-regulated in vitro. In conclusion, corilagin can suppress schistosome egg-induced hepatic fibrosis via inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization in the IL-13Rα1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Fei Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ping Dang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan-Qiang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nevers T, Salvador AM, Velazquez F, Ngwenyama N, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Aronovitz M, Blanton RM, Alcaide P. Th1 effector T cells selectively orchestrate cardiac fibrosis in nonischemic heart failure. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3311-3329. [PMID: 28970239 PMCID: PMC5679176 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging data indicating a role for T cells in profibrotic cardiac repair and healing after ischemia, little is known about whether T cells directly impact cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) to promote cardiac fibrosis (CF) in nonischemic heart failure (HF). Recently, we reported increased T cell infiltration in the fibrotic myocardium of nonischemic HF patients, as well as the protection from CF and HF in TCR-α-/- mice. Here, we report that T cells activated in such a context are mainly IFN-γ+, adhere to CFB, and induce their transition into myofibroblasts. Th1 effector cells selectively drive CF both in vitro and in vivo, whereas adoptive transfer of Th1 cells, opposite to activated IFN-γ-/- Th cells, partially reconstituted CF and HF in TCR-α-/- recipient mice. Mechanistically, Th1 cells use integrin α4 to adhere to and induce TGF-β in CFB in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Our findings identify a previously unrecognized role for Th1 cells as integrators of perivascular CF and cardiac dysfunction in nonischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nevers
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ane M Salvador
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Francisco Velazquez
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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34
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Costa BP, Gonçalves AC, Abrantes AM, Matafome P, Seiça R, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Botelho MF, Castro-Sousa F. Teduglutide effects on gene regulation of fibrogenesis on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis. J Surg Res 2017; 216:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Nie H, Wang A, He Q, Yang Q, Liu L, Zhang G, Huang Y, Ding X, Yu H, Hu S. Phenotypic switch in lung interstitial macrophage polarization in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1284-1292. [PMID: 28810589 PMCID: PMC5526127 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage phenotype and function varies according to their polarized state, which in turn is dependent on microenvironmental stimuli. Under normal physiological conditions, lung interstitial macrophages that express interleukin (IL)-10 are considered to serve regulatory roles in the prevention of allergic reactions in the airways. However, the phenotypic profile of lung interstitial macrophages during the pathophysiology of asthma remains unknown. In the current study, the phenotypic characteristics of lung interstitial macrophages were investigated in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of asthma. The patterns of surface markers chemokine ligand and interleukin, and the metabolic enzyme activity of lung interstitial macrophages were investigated using flow cytometry analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and ELISA. It was observed that lung interstitial macrophages derived from OVA-induced asthmatic mice expressed phenotypic markers associated with alternatively activated macrophages (M2), including cluster of differentiation-206, transglutaminase 2, arginase (Arg) 1 and chemokine ligand (CCL)17/CCL22/CCL24 secretion. The M2 macrophages also exhibited increased levels of Arg1 activity and reduced levels of IL-10 expression, relative to macrophages derived from control mice. However, when evaluating the expression of markers associated with classically activated (M1) macrophages, namely inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-12, it was observed that levels of M1 markers in the interstitial macrophages from asthmatic mice did not differ significantly to those in controls. Collectively, these data suggest that lung interstitial macrophages undergo a phenotypic switch from a regulatory macrophage phenotype under normal conditions to an alternative activation state in OVA-induced asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Nursing Department, Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xuhong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Suping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Sanchez MC, Krasnec KV, Parra AS, von Cabanlong C, Gobert GN, Umylny B, Cupit PM, Cunningham C. Effect of praziquantel on the differential expression of mouse hepatic genes and parasite ATP binding cassette transporter gene family members during Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017. [PMID: 28650976 PMCID: PMC5501684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by sexually dimorphic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug widely available to treat the disease but does not kill juvenile parasites. Here we report the use of next generation sequencing to study the transcriptional effect of PZQ on murine hepatic inflammatory, immune and fibrotic responses to Schistosoma mansoni worms and eggs. An initial T helper cell 1 (Th1) response is induced against schistosomes in mice treated with drug vehicle (Vh) around the time egg laying begins, followed by a T helper cell 2 (Th2) response and the induction of genes whose action leads to granuloma formation and fibrosis. When PZQ is administered at this time, there is a significant reduction in egg burden yet the hepatic Th1, Th2 and fibrotic responses are still observed in the absence of granuloma formation suggesting some degree of gene regulation may be induced by antigens released from the dying adult worms. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the relative expression of 16 juvenile and adult S. mansoni genes during infection and their response to Vh and PZQ treatment in vivo. While the response of stress genes in adult parasites suggests the worms were alive immediately following exposure to PZQ, they were unable to induce transcription of any of the 9 genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters tested. In contrast, juvenile schistosomes were able to significantly induce the activities of ABCB, C and G family members, underscoring the possibility that these efflux systems play a major role in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Sanchez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Katina V. Krasnec
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amalia S. Parra
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Christian von Cabanlong
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Umylny
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Pauline M. Cupit
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Cunningham
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Hypertrophic scar and contracture in burn patients is a complex process. Contributing factors include critical injury depth and activation of key cell subpopulations, including deep dermal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and T-helper cells, which cause scarring rather than regeneration. These cells influence each other via cellular profibrotic and antifibrotic signals, which help to determine the outcome. These cells also both modify and interact with extracellular matrix of the wound, ultimately forming hypertrophic scar. Current treatments reduce hypertrophic scar formation or improve remodeling by targeting these pathways and signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Kwan
- 2A Plastic Surgery, Kaye Edmonton Clinic, University of Alberta, 11400 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z1, Canada
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D2.28 WMHSC, 8440-112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada.
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38
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Properties and Immune Function of Cardiac Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1003:35-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Lohneis P, Wienert S, Klauschen F, Anagnostopoulos I, Jöhrens K. Fibrosis in low-grade follicular lymphoma - a link to the TH2 immune reaction. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1190-1196. [PMID: 27736316 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1231404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from studies on fibrotic diseases that a TH2 polarized immune response, characterized by the production of cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 is important for fibrosis development. Data concerning the role of TH2 polarized immune response for fibrogenesis in lymphomas are scarce. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated paraffin embedded tissue specimens of 58 follicular lymphomas (FL) grade 1/2 with and without fibrosis. In FL with fibrosis, we detected more interfollicular GATA-3 positive lymphocytes and a shift towards a TH2 immune response. In areas of fibrosis, which were enriched with myofibroblasts, we observed a polarization of macrophages towards a M2 phenotype with expression of CD163. Our results hold some evidence that a polarization of the adaptive immune system towards a TH2 immune response in the tumor microenvironment is associated with increased fibrosis, which may indicate its functional relevance for either development or maintenance of fibrosis in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lohneis
- a Institute of Pathology , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Stephan Wienert
- a Institute of Pathology , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany.,b VMscope GmbH , Berlin , Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- a Institute of Pathology , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ioannis Anagnostopoulos
- a Institute of Pathology , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- a Institute of Pathology , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
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Maggi L, Montaini G, Mazzoni A, Rossettini B, Capone M, Rossi MC, Santarlasci V, Liotta F, Rossi O, Gallo O, De Palma R, Maggi E, Cosmi L, Romagnani S, Annunziato F. Human circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells can express CD154 and promote IgE production. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:964-976.e4. [PMID: 27576126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection against helminths consists of adaptive responses by TH2 cells and innate responses by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), with these latter being well characterized in mice but less so in human subjects. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize human circulating ILC2s and compare their functional profile with that of autologous TH2 cells. METHODS Circulating ILC2s and TH2 cells were isolated by means of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and magnetic cell sorting and expanded in vitro. ILC2s were then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin, IL-25 plus IL-33 (IL-25/IL-33), or a mixture of Toll-like receptor ligands to evaluate their ability to produce cytokines, express CD154, and induce IgE production by autologous B cells. Cytokines and transcription factor gene methylation were assessed. RESULTS ILC2s expressed GATA-3, retinoic acid orphan receptor (RORC) 2, and RORα; were able to produce IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4; and, accordingly, were characterized by demethylation of IL4, IL13, IL5, GATA3, and RORC2, whereas the IFNG, IFNG promoter, and TBX21 regions of interest were methylated. ILC2s expressed TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6, and TLR stimulation induced IL-5 and IL-13 production. Moreover, ILC2s expressed CD154 in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin, IL-25/IL-33, or a mixture of TLR ligands. Stimulated ILC2s also induced IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE production by B cells. Finally, circulating ILC2s from atopic patients were not different in numbers and frequency but expressed higher IL-4 levels than those from nonatopic subjects. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that human ILC2s can express CD154 and stimulate the production of IgE by B lymphocytes through IL-25/IL-33 stimulation or TLR triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Montaini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rossettini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Santarlasci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Oliviero Rossi
- Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Oreste Gallo
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples and Center for Biomolecular Studies Supporting Human Health, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, Florence, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy.
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Xu J, Zheng J, Song P, Zhou Y, Guan S. IL-33/ST2 pathway in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1704-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fuschiotti P. Current perspectives on the immunopathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Immunotargets Ther 2016; 5:21-35. [PMID: 27529059 PMCID: PMC4970639 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s82037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc or scleroderma) is a progressive and highly debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy, and extensive fibrosis. SSc is highly heterogeneous in its clinical presentation, extent and severity of skin and internal organ involvement, and clinical course and has the highest fatality rate among connective tissue diseases. While clinical outcomes have improved in recent years, no current therapy is able to reverse or slow the natural progression of SSc, a reflection of its complex pathogenesis. Although activation of the immune system has long been recognized, the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of autoimmunity and the role of immune effector pathways in the pathogenesis of SSc remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes recent progress in disease pathogenesis with particular focus on the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Vannella KM, Ramalingam TR, Hart KM, de Queiroz Prado R, Sciurba J, Barron L, Borthwick LA, Smith AD, Mentink-Kane M, White S, Thompson RW, Cheever AW, Bock K, Moore I, Fitz LJ, Urban JF, Wynn TA. Acidic chitinase primes the protective immune response to gastrointestinal nematodes. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:538-44. [PMID: 27043413 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is known to be induced by allergens and helminths, yet its role in immunity is unclear. Using AMCase-deficient mice, we show that AMCase deficiency reduced the number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells during allergen challenge but was not required for establishment of type 2 inflammation in the lung in response to allergens or helminths. In contrast, AMCase-deficient mice showed a profound defect in type 2 immunity following infection with the chitin-containing gastrointestinal nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. The impaired immunity was associated with reduced mucus production and decreased intestinal expression of the signature type 2 response genes Il13, Chil3, Retnlb, and Clca1. CD103(+) dendritic cells, which regulate T cell homing, were also reduced in mesenteric lymph nodes of infected AMCase-deficient mice. Thus, AMCase functions as a critical initiator of protective type 2 responses to intestinal nematodes but is largely dispensable for allergic responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael de Queiroz Prado
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Sciurba
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke Barron
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Tissue Fibrosis and Repair Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Allen D Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret Mentink-Kane
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandra White
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W Thompson
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allen W Cheever
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori J Fitz
- Inflammation and Immunity, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Program in Tissue Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Comparison of RELMα and RELMβ Single- and Double-Gene-Deficient Mice Reveals that RELMα Expression Dictates Inflammation and Worm Expulsion in Hookworm Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1100-1111. [PMID: 26831469 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01479-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly expressed following helminth infection, where they impact both the host and helminth. While RELMα (Retnla) impairs helminth expulsion by inhibiting protective Th2 immunity, RELMβ (Retnlb) can promote its expulsion. We employed Retnla(-/-) and Retnlb(-/-) mice to delineate the function of both proteins following infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a hookworm that infects the lung and intestine. Whereas wild-type (WT) and Retnlb(-/-)mice exhibited equivalent infection-induced inflammation, Retnla(-/-) mice suffered a heightened inflammatory response, including increased mortality, weight loss, and lung inflammation. In the intestine, Retnla(-/-)mice had low parasite egg burdens compared to those of WT mice, while Retnlb(-/-) mice exhibited high egg burdens, suggesting that RELMα and RELMβ have functionally distinct effects on immunity and inflammation to N. brasiliensis To test the importance of both proteins, we generated Retnla(-/-) Retnlb(-/-) mice. Infected Retnla(-/-)Retnlb(-/-) mice exhibited similar responses to Retnla(-/-) mice, including increased mortality and lung inflammation. This inflammatory response in Retnla(-/-) Retnlb(-/-) mice negatively impacted N. brasiliensis fitness, as demonstrated by significantly lower worm ATP levels and decreased intestinal worm burden and fecundity. Lung cytokine analysis revealed that Retnla(-/-) and Retnla(-/-) Retnlb(-/-) mice expressed significantly increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Finally, we generated Retnla(-/-) mice on the Rag(-/-) background and observed that the effects of RELMα were abrogated in the absence of adaptive immunity. Together, these data demonstrate that RELMα but not RELMβ significantly impacts the immune response toN. brasiliensis infection by downregulating the Th2 adaptive immune response in the lung, which protects the host but allows improved parasite fitness.
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Wynn TA, Vannella KM. Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis. Immunity 2016; 44:450-462. [PMID: 26982353 PMCID: PMC4794754 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2540] [Impact Index Per Article: 317.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. After tissue injury, monocytes and macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes to play critical roles during the initiation, maintenance, and resolution phases of tissue repair. Disturbances in macrophage function can lead to aberrant repair, such that uncontrolled production of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, deficient generation of anti-inflammatory macrophages, or failed communication between macrophages and epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem or tissue progenitor cells all contribute to a state of persistent injury, and this could lead to the development of pathological fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that instruct macrophages to adopt pro-inflammatory, pro-wound-healing, pro-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-resolving, and tissue-regenerating phenotypes after injury, and we highlight how some of these mechanisms and macrophage activation states could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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46
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Cheng PC, Lin CN, Peng SY, Kang TF, Lee KM. Combined IL-12 Plasmid and Recombinant SjGST Enhance the Protective and Anti-pathology Effect of SjGST DNA Vaccine Against Schistosoma japonicum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004459. [PMID: 26891172 PMCID: PMC4758724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is listed as one of most important tropical diseases and more than 200 million people are estimated to be infected. Development of a vaccine is thought to be the most effective way to control this disease. Recombinant 26-kDa glutathione S-transferase (rSjGST) has previously been reported to achieve a worm reduction rate of 42-44%. To improve the efficiency of the vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum, we immunized mice with a combination of pcDNA vector-encoded 26-kDa SjGST (pcDNA/SjGST), IL-12 expressing-plasmid (pIL-12), and rSjGST. Co-vaccination with pcDNA/SjGST, pIL-12, and rSjGST led to a reduction in worm burden, hepatic egg burden, and the size of liver tissue granulomas than that in the untreated infection controls. In addition, we detected high levels of specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a against the rSjGST antigen in infected mice vaccinated with this combination of pcDNA/SjGST, pIL-12, and rSjGST. Moreover, high expression levels of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-10, were also detected in this group, without diminished levels of IL-12, INF-γ, and TNF-α cytokines that are related to parasite killing. In conclusion, we have developed a new vaccination regimen against S. japonicum infection and shown that co-immunization with pcDNA/SjGST vaccine, pIL-12, and rSjGST has significant anti-parasite, anti-hepatic egg and anti-pathology effects in mice. The efficacy of this vaccination method should be further validated in large animals such as water buffalo. This method may help to reduce the transmission of zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PCC); (KML)
| | - Ching-Nan Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Mng University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Mng University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Fu Kang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Mng University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Mu Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PCC); (KML)
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Ramos G, Hofmann U, Frantz S. Myocardial fibrosis seen through the lenses of T-cell biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:41-5. [PMID: 26804387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes came recently into focus as modulators of non-infectious myocardial diseases. Several lines of experimental evidence now indicate that CD4(+) T-cells can influence the healing and scarring processes that follow a myocardial infarction episode. Furthermore, such heart-directed T-cell activity has also been implicated in the pathogenesis cardiac remodeling that develops in response to chronic pressure-overload conditions. Mechanistically, different T-cell subsets can secrete several mediators and growth factors that influence the myocardial molecular milieu and directly interfere with the macrophages' and fibroblasts' activity. Therefore, the present review summarizes the current experimental evidence on the role of T-cells in myocardial scar formation after infarction and myocardial fibrosis as central mechanism of ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ramos
- University Clinic Halle, Department of Internal Medicine III, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- University Clinic Halle, Department of Internal Medicine III, D-06120 Halle, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- University Clinic Halle, Department of Internal Medicine III, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Russell SB, Smith JC, Huang M, Trupin JS, Williams SM. Pleiotropic Effects of Immune Responses Explain Variation in the Prevalence of Fibroproliferative Diseases. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005568. [PMID: 26540410 PMCID: PMC4634921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are differentially distributed among human populations. Differential selection on genetic variants in ancestral environments that coincidentally predispose to disease can be an underlying cause of these unequal prevalence patterns. Selected genes may be pleiotropic, affecting multiple phenotypes and resulting in more than one disease or trait. Patterns of pleiotropy may be helpful in understanding the underlying causes of an array of conditions in a population. For example, several fibroproliferative diseases are more prevalent and severe in populations of sub-Saharan ancestry. We propose that this disparity is due to selection for an enhanced Th2 response that confers resistance to helminthic infections, and concurrently increases susceptibility to fibrosis due to the profibrotic action of Th2 cytokines. Many studies on selection of Th2-related genes for host resistance to helminths have been reported, but the pleiotropic impact of this selection on the distribution of fibrotic disorders has not been explicitly investigated. We discuss the disproportionate occurrence of fibroproliferative diseases in individuals of African ancestry and provide evidence that adaptation of the immune system has shaped the genetic structure of these human populations in ways that alter the distribution of multiple fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley B. Russell
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
| | - Joan C. Smith
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Minjun Huang
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Trupin
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
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Leukocytes: The Double-Edged Sword in Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:652035. [PMID: 26568664 PMCID: PMC4629055 DOI: 10.1155/2015/652035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue scar formation and fibrosis are often characterized by the increased production and deposition of extracellular matrix components, accompanied by the accumulation of a vast number of myofibroblasts. Scaring is strongly associated with inflammation and wound healing to regain tissue integrity in response to skin tissue injury. However, increased and uncontrolled inflammation, repetitive injury, and individual predisposition might lead to fibrosis, a severe disorder resulting in the formation of dense and stiff tissue that loses the physical properties and physiological functions of normal tissue. Fibrosis is an extremely complicated and multistage process in which bone marrow-derived leukocytes act as both pro- and antifibrotic agents, and therefore, few, if any, effective therapies are available for the most severe and lethal forms of fibrosis. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge on the multidimensional impact of leukocytes on the induction of fibrosis, focusing on skin fibrosis.
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50
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Verwer PEB, Notenboom CC, Eadie K, Fahal AH, Verbrugh HA, van de Sande WWJ. A Polymorphism in the Chitotriosidase Gene Associated with Risk of Mycetoma Due to Madurella mycetomatis Mycetoma--A Retrospective Study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004061. [PMID: 26332238 PMCID: PMC4558086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Madurella mycetomatis is the most prevalent causative agent of eumycetoma in Sudan, an infection characterized by the formation of grains. Many patients are exposed to the causative agent, however only a small number develop infection. M. mycetomatis contains chitin in its cell wall, which can trigger the human immune system. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding for the chitin-degrading enzymes chitotriosidase and AMCase were described, resulting in altered chitinase activity. We investigated the association between 4 of these polymorphisms and the incidence of M. mycetomatis mycetoma in a Sudanese population. Methodology Polymorphisms studied in 112 eumycetoma patients and 103 matched controls included a 24-bp insertion in the chitotriosidase gene (rs3831317), resulting in impaired chitinase activity and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the AMCase gene (rs61756687), resulting in decreased AMCase activity. Also, a SNP (rs41282492) and a 10-bp insertion in the 5’UTR region of the AMCase gene (rs143789088) were studied, both resulting in increased AMCase activity. DNA was isolated from blood and genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP. Principal Findings Histological staining proved the presence of chitin in the fungal grain. The polymorphism resulting in decreased chitotriosidase activity was associated with increased odds of eumycetoma (odds ratio 2.9; p = 0.004). No association was found for the polymorphisms in the genes for AMCase (all p>0.05). Conclusion Decreased chitotriosidase activity was associated with increased risk of M. mycetomatis mycetoma. Madurella mycetomatis mycetoma is a chronic fungal infection, resulting frequently in mutilating lesions. The causative agents are found in soil, however, many people are exposed but most do not develop mycetoma. Characteristic for mycetoma is that the fungus organizes itself in a grain once inside the body. Here we showed that this grain contains chitin. The immune system of the host will try to eliminate the grains by producing cytokines and enzymes, including the chitin-degrading chitinases. We showed that both human chitinases AMCase and chitotriosidase bind to fungal chitin in the grain. We also investigated 4 polymorphisms in the genes for these chitinases, and we found that a polymorphism in the gene for chitotriosidase, resulting in enzyme inactivity, was associated with increased risk for mycetoma. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that chitotriosidase is important in the pathogen-eliminating immune response, resulting in clearance of the infection. We assumed that absence of chitotriosidase results in increased AMCase production and thus in grain formation. In this study we identified a risk factor for the development of M. mycetomatis mycetoma, however the disease is multifactorial and other factors also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. B. Verwer
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C. Notenboom
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Eadie
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henri A. Verbrugh
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W. J. van de Sande
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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