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Peng S, Wu H, Mo YY, Watabe K, Pauza ME. c-Maf increases apoptosis in peripheral CD8 cells by transactivating Caspase 6. Immunology 2009; 127:267-78. [PMID: 19476513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to transactivation of interleukin-4 (IL-4), cellular muscular aponeurotic fibrosarcoma (c-Maf) enhances CD4 cell apoptosis by limiting Bcl-2 expression. The CD8 cells also express c-Maf and peripheral CD8 cell numbers are reduced in c-Maf transgenic mice, suggesting that c-Maf may influence CD8 cell survival in a manner similar to CD4 cells. Here we confirm that, similar to CD4 cells, c-Maf enhances CD8 cell susceptibility to apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, independent of IL-4. However, unlike CD4 cells, c-Maf enhancement of apoptosis is independent of Bcl-2, suggesting that c-Maf uses other mechanisms to regulate CD8 cell apoptosis. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction reveals that the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase 6 is upregulated in c-Maf transgenic CD8 cells, suggesting that Caspase 6 is a novel c-Maf target gene. Luciferase reporter assays and site-directed mutagenesis reveal a functional c-Maf recognition element (MARE) within the first intron of Caspase 6. Binding of c-Maf to the MARE site is detectable by chromatin immunoprecipitation using non-transgenic T-cell lysates, so c-Maf can interact with the Caspase 6 MARE site in normal T cells. Furthermore, caspase 6 activity is increased among CD8 cells from c-Maf transgenic mice following T-cell receptor engagement. As expected, activity of the downstream caspases 3 and 7 is also increased. Consistent with the ability of caspase 6 to participate in positive feedback loops, cytochrome c release and caspase 8 activation are also increased. Together these results indicated that c-Maf increases CD8 cell sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, at least in part, by direct transactivation of Caspase 6, providing increased substrate for Caspase 6-dependent apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, 62794, USA
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Batliwalla FM, Li W, Ritchlin CT, Xiao X, Brenner M, Laragione T, Shao T, Durham R, Kemshetti S, Schwarz E, Coe R, Kern M, Baechler EC, Behrens TW, Gregersen PK, Gulko PS. Microarray analyses of peripheral blood cells identifies unique gene expression signature in psoriatic arthritis. Mol Med 2009; 11:21-9. [PMID: 16622521 PMCID: PMC1449519 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00003.gulko] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic and erosive form of arthritis of unknown cause. We aimed to characterize the PsA phenotype using gene expression profiling and comparing it with healthy control subjects and patients rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Peripheral blood cells (PBCs) of 19 patients with active PsA and 19 age- and sex-matched control subjects were used in the analyses of PsA, with blood samples collected in PaxGene tubes. A significant alteration in the pattern of expression of 313 genes was noted in the PBCs of PsA patients on Affymetrix U133A arrays: 257 genes were expressed at reduced levels in PsA, and 56 genes were expressed at increased levels, compared with controls. Downregulated genes tended to cluster to certain chromosomal regions, including those containing the psoriasis susceptibility loci PSORS1 and PSORS2. Among the genes with the most significantly reduced expression were those involved in downregulation or suppression of innate and acquired immune responses, such as SIGIRR, STAT3, SHP1, IKBKB, IL-11RA, and TCF7, suggesting inappropriate control that favors proin-flammatory responses. Several members of the MAPK signaling pathway and tumor suppressor genes showed reduced expression. Three proinflammatory genes--S100A8, S100A12, and thioredoxin--showed increased expression. Logistic regression and recursive partitioning analysis determined that one gene, nucleoporin 62 kDa, could correctly classify all controls and 94.7% of the PsA patients. Using a dataset of 48 RA samples for comparison, the combination of two genes, MAP3K3 followed by CACNA1S, was enough to correctly classify all RA and PsA patients. Thus, PBC gene expression profiling identified a gene expression signature that differentiated PsA from RA, and PsA from controls. Several novel genes were differentially expressed in PsA and may prove to be diagnostic biomarkers or serve as new targets for the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franak M. Batliwalla
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wentian Li
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
| | - Christopher T. Ritchlin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiangli Xiao
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
| | - Max Brenner
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- North Shore-LIJ Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Teresina Laragione
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
| | - Tianmeng Shao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Robert Durham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Kemshetti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward Schwarz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rodney Coe
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
| | - Marlena Kern
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
| | - Emily C. Baechler
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy W. Behrens
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pércio S. Gulko
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Pércio S. Gulko, Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Room 139, Manhasset, NY 11030. Phone: 516-562-1275; fax: 516-562-1153; e-mail:
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Pabbidi RM, Yu SQ, Peng S, Khardori R, Pauza ME, Premkumar LS. Influence of TRPV1 on diabetes-induced alterations in thermal pain sensitivity. Mol Pain 2008; 4:9. [PMID: 18312687 PMCID: PMC2275252 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A common complication associated with diabetes is painful or painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The mechanisms and determinants responsible for these peripheral neuropathies are poorly understood. Using both streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and transgene-mediated murine models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we demonstrate that Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression varies with the neuropathic phenotype. We have found that both STZ- and transgene-mediated T1D are associated with two distinct phases of thermal pain sensitivity that parallel changes in TRPV1 as determined by paw withdrawal latency (PWL). An early phase of hyperalgesia and a late phase of hypoalgesia are evident. TRPV1-mediated whole cell currents are larger and smaller in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons collected from hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mice. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) binding, a measure of TRPV1 expression is increased and decreased in DRG and paw skin of hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mice, respectively. Immunohistochemical labeling of spinal cord lamina I and II, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and paw skin from hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mice reveal increased and decreased TRPV1 expression, respectively. A role for TRPV1 in thermal DPN is further suggested by the failure of STZ treatment to influence thermal nociception in TRPV1 deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that altered TRPV1 expression and function contribute to diabetes-induced changes in thermal perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddy M Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
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