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Wei SC, Sharma R, Anang NAAS, Levine JH, Zhao Y, Mancuso JJ, Setty M, Sharma P, Wang J, Pe'er D, Allison JP. Negative Co-stimulation Constrains T Cell Differentiation by Imposing Boundaries on Possible Cell States. Immunity 2019; 50:1084-1098.e10. [PMID: 30926234 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Co-stimulation regulates T cell activation, but it remains unclear whether co-stimulatory pathways also control T cell differentiation. We used mass cytometry to profile T cells generated in the genetic absence of the negative co-stimulatory molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1. Our data indicate that negative co-stimulation constrains the possible cell states that peripheral T cells can acquire. CTLA-4 imposes major boundaries on CD4+ T cell phenotypes, whereas PD-1 subtly limits CD8+ T cell phenotypes. By computationally reconstructing T cell differentiation paths, we identified protein expression changes that underlied the abnormal phenotypic expansion and pinpointed when lineage choice events occurred during differentiation. Similar alterations in T cell phenotypes were observed after anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibody blockade. These findings implicate negative co-stimulation as a key regulator and determinant of T cell differentiation and suggest that checkpoint blockade might work in part by altering the limits of T cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Wei
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nana-Ama A S Anang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacob H Levine
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James J Mancuso
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manu Setty
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Signal Transduction Via Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Receptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:85-133. [PMID: 31758532 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated antigen-specific stimulation is essential for initiating T-cell activation. However, signaling through the TCR alone is not sufficient for inducing an effective response. In addition to TCR-mediated signaling, signaling through antigen-independent co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory receptors is critically important not only for the full activation and functional differentiation of T cells but also for the termination and suppression of T-cell responses. Many studies have investigated the signaling pathways underlying the function of each molecular component. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors have no kinase activity, but their cytoplasmic region contains unique functional motifs and potential phosphorylation sites. Engagement of co-stimulatory receptors leads to recruitment of specific binding partners, such as adaptor molecules, kinases, and phosphatases, via recognition of a specific motif. Consequently, each co-stimulatory receptor transduces a unique pattern of signaling pathways. This review focuses on our current understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways provided by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, including B7:CD28 family members, immunoglobulin, and members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
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Pilot Study of Delayed ICOS/ICOS-L Blockade With αCD40 to Modulate Pathogenic Alloimmunity in a Primate Cardiac Allograft Model. Transplant Direct 2018; 4:e344. [PMID: 29464205 PMCID: PMC5811273 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is rapidly upregulated with T-cell stimulation and may represent an escape pathway for T-cell costimulation in the setting of CD40/CD154 costimulation blockade. Induction treatment exhibited no efficacy in a primate renal allograft model, but rodent transplant models suggest that the addition of delayed ICOS/ICOS-L blockade may prolong allograft survival and prevent chronic rejection. Here, we ask whether ICOS-Ig treatment, timed to anticipate ICOS upregulation, prolongs NHP cardiac allograft survival or attenuates pathogenic alloimmunity. Methods Cynomolgus monkey heterotopic cardiac allograft recipients were treated with αCD40 (2C10R4, d0-90) either alone or with the addition of delayed ICOS-Ig (d63-110). Results Median allograft survival was similar between ICOS-Ig + αCD40 (120 days, 120-125 days) and αCD40 (124 days, 89-178 days) treated animals, and delayed ICOS-Ig treatment did not prevent allograft rejection in animals with complete CD40 receptor coverage. Although CD4+ TEM cells were decreased in peripheral blood (115 ± 24) and mLNs (49 ± 1.9%) during ICOS-Ig treatment compared with monotherapy (214 ± 27%, P = 0.01; 72 ± 9.9%, P = 0.01, respectively), acute and chronic rejection scores and kinetics of alloAb elaboration were similar between groups. Conclusions Delayed ICOS-Ig treatment with the reagent tested is probably ineffective in modulating pathogenic primate alloimmunity in this model.
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Gertner-Dardenne J, Fauriat C, Olive D. BTLA, a key regulator of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell proliferation. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25853. [PMID: 24244908 PMCID: PMC3825728 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in the last few years γδ T lymphocytes have been the subject of growing interest as potential anticancer immunotherapeutics, how the proliferative and effector responses of these cells are regulated remains unclear. We have recently reported that the co-receptor B and T lymphocyte associated (BTLA) inhibits the proliferation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, potentially underpinning a mechanism of immune escape by lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gertner-Dardenne
- Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; Marseille, France ; Institut Paoli Calmettes; IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform; Marseille, France
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Liu W, Gao C, Zhou BG, Li WM. Effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Autoimmunity 2009; 39:83-92. [PMID: 16698663 DOI: 10.1080/08916930500507870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic alliance effects of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). METHODS Expression vector pAdeno-CTLA4Ig and pAdeno-ICOSIg was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Adenovirus expresses CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg was produced. Ad-CMV-GFP was used as controls. EAM was induced in Lewis rats by injection of procine cardiac myosin. All the immunized rats were divided into four groups. Group A (n = 15) received adenovirus containing CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg from day 14-28; group B (n = 15), group C (n = 15) and group D (n = 15) received adenovirus containing CTLA4Ig, ICOSIg and GFP, respectively. Group E (n = 10) was normal controls never received immunization. On day 28, all the rats were killed after echocardiography examination. Histopathological examination was used to observe inflammation in the myocardium. Western blot was used to detect CTLA4, ICOS, ICOSL and competitive RT-PCR for B7-1, B7-2 expression. T lymphocyte proliferation assay was performed and ELISPOT was used to detect the Th1 and Th2 production. RESULTS Alliance application of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg exerts therapeutic effects on EAM. After a treatment duration of 14 days, cardiac function and myocardial inflammation improved significantly compared to group D. Expression of CTLA-4, ICOS and ICOSL, B7-1 was statistically decreased in group A, B and C compared with group D. T-cell proliferation was inhibited by costimulatory blockade in a dose-dependent style. ICOSIg blockade significantly augments IL-4 and IL-10 production while diminished IFN-gamma production. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of costimulatory pathway with alliance therapy of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg alleviated autoimmune damage in EAM and improved cardiac function. The mechanisms may be downregulation of costimulatory molecules and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China.
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Lu H, Kaplan BLF, Ngaotepprutaram T, Kaminski NE. Suppression of T cell costimulator ICOS by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 85:322-9. [PMID: 18988696 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0608390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible costimulator (ICOS), a prototypic T cell costimulator, is induced on activated T cells. ICOS regulates T cell activation and Th cell differentiation and is principally involved in humoral immune responses. Previous work showed that T cell accessory function is modulated by the plant-derived cannabinoid, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC). In light of an emerging role by ICOS in T cell-mediated immunity, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Delta(9)-THC on ICOS in activated mouse T cells. Induction of ICOS mRNA levels by phorbol ester (PMA) plus ionomycin (Io) activation in mouse splenocytes was attenuated by Delta(9)-THC in a concentration-related manner. Similar results were obtained in the mouse T cell line, EL4.IL-2. Anti-CD3/CD28 induced ICOS expression on CD4(+) splenic T cells, which was suppressed by Delta(9)-THC in a time- and concentration-related manner. The PMA/Io-induced icos promoter luciferase reporter activity was also down-regulated by Delta(9)-THC, suggesting that the suppression of ICOS expression by Delta(9)-THC occurs at the transcriptional level. Moreover, transcriptional activation of the NFAT was also down-regulated by Delta(9)-THC as shown by a NFAT luciferase reporter assay, which is consistent with a putative role of NFAT in regulating ICOS expression. Collectively, Delta(9)-THC suppresses ICOS expression in activated T cells, and this suppression may be related, in part, to its modulation of NFAT signaling. The emerging role of ICOS in a wide range of immune-related diseases also suggests that it may represent a potential therapeutic target, which could be modulated by cannabinoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA
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Pan XC, Guo L, Deng YB, Naruse K, Kimura H, Sugawara Y, Makuuchi M. Further study of anti-ICOS immunotherapy for rat cardiac allograft rejection. Surg Today 2008; 38:815-25. [PMID: 18751947 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-007-3734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of B7-CD28 costimulatory signal blockade by adenovirus-mediated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin (AdCTLA-4Ig) on cardiac allograft survival in DA (RT1(a)) to LEW (Lewis RT1(l)) rat combinations. METHODS We evaluated the effect of combined AdCTLA-4Ig and anti-inducible costimulator (ICOS) antibody immunotherapy on rat cardiac allograft acceptance. RESULTS Unlike AdCTLA-4Ig alone, anti-ICOS immunotherapy combined with AdCTLA-4Ig induced stable tolerance without causing chronic rejection. The combined immunotherapy also prevented the accelerated cardiac rejection caused by donor-type test skin grafting. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed remarkable inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration with typical vasculopathy, especially ICOS-positive cells in the grafts, in recipients treated with AdCTLA-4Ig alone. In contrast, anti-ICOS therapy combined with AdCTLA-4Ig reduced the ICOS-positive inflammatory cell infiltration of the graft significantly. The most important finding is that possible cardiac arrest caused by secondary donor-type skin graft was prevented by combined immunotherapy of AdCTLA-4Ig and anti-ICOS antibody, despite skin graft rejection. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified a major role played by the ICOS-ICOSL pathway in chronic and accelerated cardiac allograft rejection, providing a novel approach to preventing the chronic rejection of vascularized organ allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Chao Pan
- Department of Artificial Organ and Transplantation Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Akbari O, Stock P, Meyer EH, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH. ICOS/ICOSL interaction is required for CD4+ invariant NKT cell function and homeostatic survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5448-56. [PMID: 18390727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma, requires the presence of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. In a mouse model of asthma, we demonstrated that the induction of AHR required ICOS costimulation of iNKT cells. ICOS was highly expressed on both naive and activated iNKT cells, and expression of ICOS was greater on the CD4(+) iNKT than on CD4(-) iNKT cells. Furthermore, the number of CD4(+) iNKT cells was significantly lower in spleens and livers of ICOS(-/-) and ICOSL(-/-) mice, and the remaining iNKT cells in ICOS(-/-) mice were dysfunctional and failed to reconstitute AHR when adoptively transferred into iNKT cell-deficient Jalpha18(-/-) mice. In addition, direct activation of iNKT cells with alpha-GalCer, which induced AHR in wild-type mice, failed to induce AHR in ICOS(-/-) mice. The failure of ICOS(-/-) iNKT cells to induce AHR was due in part to an inability of the ICOS(-/-) iNKT cells to produce IL-4 and IL-13 on activation. Moreover, survival of wild-type iNKT cells transferred into ICOSL(-/-) mice was greatly reduced due to the induction of apoptosis. These results indicate that ICOS costimulation plays a major role in induction of AHR by iNKT cells and is required for CD4(+) iNKT cell function, homeostasis, and survival in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Akbari
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Wilson EH, Zaph C, Mohrs M, Welcher A, Siu J, Artis D, Hunter CA. B7RP-1-ICOS interactions are required for optimal infection-induced expansion of CD4+ Th1 and Th2 responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2365-72. [PMID: 16887998 PMCID: PMC1780268 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although initial reports linked the costimulatory molecule ICOS preferentially with the development of Th2 cells, there is evidence that it is not required for protective type 2 immunity to helminths and that it contributes to Th1 and Th2 responses to other parasites. To address the role of ICOS in the development of infection-induced polarized Th cells, ICOS(-/-) mice were infected with Trichuris muris or Toxoplasma gondii. Wild-type mice challenged with T. muris developed Th2 responses and expelled these helminths by day 18 postinfection, whereas ICOS(-/-) mice failed to clear worms and produced reduced levels of type 2 cytokines. However, by day 35 postinfection, ICOS(-/-) mice were able to mount an effective Th2 response and worms were expelled. This delay in protective immunity was associated with a defect in infection-induced increases in the number of activated and proliferating CD4+ T cells. Similarly, following challenge with T. gondii ICOS was required for optimal proliferation by CD4+ T cells. However, the reduced number of activated CD4+ T cells and associated defect in the production of IFN-gamma did not result in increased susceptibility to T. gondii, but rather resulted in decreased CNS pathology during the chronic phase of this infection. Taken together, these data are consistent with a model in which ICOS is not involved in dictating polarity of the Th response but rather regulates the expansion of these subsets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-1 Antigen/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis/metabolism
- Trichuriasis/immunology
- Trichuriasis/metabolism
- Trichuris/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Wilson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Rasheed AU, Rahn HP, Sallusto F, Lipp M, Müller G. Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:1892-903. [PMID: 16791882 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The generation of high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells critically depends on the presence of CD4 T cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction. GC T cells are so far incompletely characterized in terms of phenotype and function. Here, we show that human follicular B helper T (T(FH)) cells are characterized by high expression of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CXCR5 and the costimulatory molecule ICOS, but not CD57 expression. CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) CD4 T cells are the most potent inducers of IgG production that also secrete large amounts of the B cell-attracting chemokine CXCL13. CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) CD4 T cells differ from other tonsillar CD4 T cell subsets in their stimulatory activity, proliferative capacity and susceptibility to apoptosis. Large-scale gene expression analysis revealed that T(FH) cells are only distantly related to CXCR5(-) and CXCR5(+) central memory T (T(CM)) as well as effector memory T (T(EM)) cells present in the periphery. CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) CD4 T cells appear to be terminally differentiated T helper cells that express a unique set of transcription factors related to the Notch signaling pathway and thus differentiate independent of other T helper cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata-Ur Rasheed
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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van Berkel MEAT, Oosterwegel MA. CD28 and ICOS: Similar or separate costimulators of T cells? Immunol Lett 2006; 105:115-22. [PMID: 16580736 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that the B7.1/B7.2-CD28 and B7RP-1-ICOS (Inducible COStimulator) pathways provide crucial costimulatory signals to T cells. We have compared the contribution of these pathways during primary and effector responses, in vitro and in vivo, molecularly as well as functionally. This comparison between CD28 an ICOS after initiation of T cell activation demonstrates that both CD28 and ICOS function similarly during expansion, survival and differentiation of T cells and that both CD28 and ICOS are necessary for proper IgG responses. The major differences between CD28 and ICOS are differences in expression of both receptors and ligands, and the fact that CD28 induces IL-2 production, whereas ICOS does not. In addition, ICOS is more potent in the induction of IL-10 production, a cytokine important for suppressive function of T regulatory cells. All data available at present indicate that both molecules are very suitable candidates for immunotherapy, each in their own unique way.
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