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Jeong J, Choe J. Akt, IL-4, and STAT Proteins Play Distinct Roles in Prostaglandin Production in Human Follicular Dendritic Cell-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16692. [PMID: 38069015 PMCID: PMC10706142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of Akt protein in the induction and inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cells. FDC-like cells and B cells were isolated from human tonsils. PG production was assessed using enzyme immunoassay, while the upstream cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels were measured using immunoblotting with FDC-like cells transfected with Akt siRNA to analyze the impact of Akt knockdown. The COX-2 expression and PG production induced with IL-1β were significantly increased by Akt knockdown. However, IL-1β did not significantly alter either total or phosphorylated Akt protein levels. Akt knockdown resulted in the augmentation of COX-2 expression induced by B cells, although the addition of B cells did not significantly modulate both total and phosphorylated Akt proteins. In contrast, IL-4 specifically exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on COX-2 protein induction and PG production via STAT6. The inhibitory activity of IL-4 was not hampered by Akt knockdown. Interestingly, COX-2 expression levels induced with IL-1β were markedly modulated with STAT1 and STAT3 knockdown. STAT1 silencing resulted in further augmentation of COX-2, whereas STAT3 silencing prohibited IL-1β from stimulating COX-2 expression. The current results suggest that Akt, IL-4, and STAT1 play inhibitory roles in PG production in FDC-like cells and expand our knowledge of the immune inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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2
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Castillo J, Wu E, Lowe C, Srinivasan S, McCord R, Wagle MC, Jayakar S, Edick MG, Eastham-Anderson J, Liu B, Hutchinson KE, Jones W, Stokes MP, Tarighat SS, Holcomb T, Glibicky A, Romero FA, Magnuson S, Huang SMA, Plaks V, Giltnane JM, Lackner MR, Mounir Z. CBP/p300 Drives the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells through Transcriptional and Non-Transcriptional Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3916-3927. [PMID: 31182547 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are immunosuppressive and negatively impact response to cancer immunotherapies. CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are closely related acetyltransferases and transcriptional coactivators. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms by which CBP/p300 regulate Treg differentiation and the consequences of CBP/p300 loss-of-function mutations in follicular lymphoma. Transcriptional and epigenetic profiling identified a cascade of transcription factors essential for Treg differentiation. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that CBP/p300 acetylates prostacyclin synthase, which regulates Treg differentiation by altering proinflammatory cytokine secretion by T and B cells. Reduced Treg presence in tissues harboring CBP/p300 loss-of-function mutations was observed in follicular lymphoma. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of Treg differentiation by CBP/p300, with potential clinical implications on alteration of the immune landscape. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides insights into the dynamic role of CBP/p300 in the differentiation of Tregs, with potential clinical implications in the alteration of the immune landscape in follicular lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Castillo
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Esther Wu
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher Lowe
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shrividhya Srinivasan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ron McCord
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Marie-Claire Wagle
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sangeeta Jayakar
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Bonnie Liu
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine E Hutchinson
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Wendell Jones
- Q Solutions-EA Genomics, Morrisville, North Carolina
| | | | - Somayeh S Tarighat
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Holcomb
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew Glibicky
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shih-Min A Huang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Vicki Plaks
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer M Giltnane
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark R Lackner
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zineb Mounir
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Development Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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Activated human B cells stimulate COX-2 expression in follicular dendritic cell-like cells via TNF-α. Mol Immunol 2017; 94:1-6. [PMID: 29241029 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the potential importance of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in the germinal center, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. COX-2 is the key enzyme generating pleiotropic prostaglandins. Based on our previous findings, we hypothesized that lymphocytes would stimulate COX-2 expression in follicular dendritic cell (FDC) by liberating cytokines. In this study, we examined the effect of tonsillar lymphocytes on COX-2 expression in FDC-like cells by immunoblotting. B but not T cells induced COX-2 protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Sub-fractionation analysis of B cell subsets revealed that activated but not resting B cells were responsible for the COX-2 induction. Confocal microscopy of frozen tonsils demonstrated that FDCs indeed express COX-2 in situ, in line with the in vitro results. To identify the stimulating molecule, we added neutralizing antibodies to the coculture of FDC-like cells and B cells. COX-2 induction in FDC-like cells was markedly inhibited by TNF-α neutralizing antibody. Finally, the actual production of TNF-α by activated B cells was confirmed by an enzyme immunoassay. The current study implies an unrecognized cellular interaction between FDC and B cells leading to COX-2 expression during immune inflammatory responses.
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Guan Q, Ezzati P, Spicer V, Krokhin O, Wall D, Wilkins JA. Interferon γ induced compositional changes in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:26. [PMID: 28694743 PMCID: PMC5501357 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) display a range of immunoregulatory properties which can be enhanced by the exposure to cytokines such interferon γ (IFN-γ). However the compositional changes associated with the ‘licensing’ of these cells have not been clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to provide a detailed comparative proteomic analysis of the compositional changes that occur in human bone marrow derived MSC following 20 h treatment with IFN-γ. Methods 2D LC MSMS analysis of control and IFN-γ treated cells from 5 different healthy donors provided confident identification of more than 8400 proteins. Results In total 210 proteins were shown to be significantly altered in their expression levels (≥|2SD|) following IFN-γ treatment. The changes for several of these proteins were confirmed by flow cytometry. STRING analysis determined that approximately 30% of the altered proteins physically interacted in described interferon mediated processes. Comparison of the list of proteins that were identified as changed in the proteomic analysis with data for the same proteins in the Interferome DB indicated that ~35% of these proteins have not been reported to be IFN-γ responsive in a range of cell types. Conclusions This data provides an in depth analysis of the proteome of basal and IFN-γ treated human mesenchymal stem cells and it identifies a number of novel proteins that may contribute to the immunoregulatory capacity if IFN-γ licensed cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9161-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Manitoba Centre for Advanced Cell and Tissue Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.,Cellular Therapy Laboratory, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Peyman Ezzati
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Section of Biomedical Proteomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Health Sciences Centre, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Section of Biomedical Proteomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Health Sciences Centre, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Oleg Krokhin
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Section of Biomedical Proteomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Health Sciences Centre, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Donna Wall
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - John A Wilkins
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Section of Biomedical Proteomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Health Sciences Centre, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
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5
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Choe J, Yoon Y, Kim J, Jung YJ. Positive feedback effect of PGE 2 on cyclooxygenase-2 expression is mediated by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:60-66. [PMID: 28407559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive lipid mediators generated from the phospholipids of cell membrane in response to various inflammatory signals. To understand the potential role of PGs in PG production itself during immune inflammatory responses, we examined the effect of PGE2, PGF2α, and beraprost on COX-2 expression using follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like HK cells isolated from human tonsils. Those three PGs specifically augmented COX-2 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner after 4 or 8h of treatment. The enhancing effect was also reflected in the actual production of PGs and the viable cell recovery of germinal center B-cells. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism, we examined the impact of PI3K inhibitors on PG-induced COX-2 expression. Interestingly, COX-2 induction by PGE2 and beraprost, but not PGF2α, was enhanced by wortmannin and LY294002. In line with this result, Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by PGE2 and beraprost but not by PGF2α. The distinct effect of PGE2 and beraprost from PGF2α was reproduced in Akt-knockdowned HK cells. Our current findings imply that PGE2 and PGI2 stimulate COX-2 expression in FDC by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Additional studies are warranted to determine the potential role of Akt as a therapeutic target in patients with inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jini Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Choe J, Park J, Lee S, Kim YM, Jeoung D. Opposing roles of TGF-β in prostaglandin production by human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 76:41-8. [PMID: 27344616 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are recognized as important immune regulators. Using human follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like HK cells, we have investigated the immunoregulatory role of PGs and their production mechanisms. The present study was aimed at determining the role of TGF-β in IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by immunoblotting. COX-2 is the key enzyme responsible for PG production in HK cells. TGF-β, when added simultaneously with IL-1β, gave rise to an additive effect on COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, TGF-β inhibited IL-1β-stimulated COX-2 expression when it was added at least 12h before IL-1β addition. The inhibitory effect of TGF-β was specific to IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression in HK cells. The stimulating and inhibitory effects of TGF-β were reproduced in IL-1β-stimulated PG production. Based on our previous results of the essential requirement of ERK and p38 MAPKs in TGF-β-induced COX-2 expression, we examined whether the differential activation of these MAPKs would underlie the opposing activities of TGF-β. The phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs was indeed enhanced or suppressed by the simultaneous treatment or pre-treatment, respectively. These results suggest that TGF-β exerts opposing effects on IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression in HK cells by differentially regulating activation of ERK and p38 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihoon Park
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkoo Lee
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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7
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Zhou W, Toki S, Zhang J, Goleniewksa K, Newcomb DC, Cephus JY, Dulek DE, Bloodworth MH, Stier MT, Polosuhkin V, Gangula RD, Mallal SA, Broide DH, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin I2 Signaling and Inhibition of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:31-42. [PMID: 26378386 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1793oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) robustly produce IL-5 and IL-13, cytokines central to the asthma phenotype; however, the effect of prostaglandin (PG) I2 on ILC2 function is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of PGI2 on mouse and human ILC2 cytokine expression in vitro and the effect of endogenous PGI2 and the PGI2 analog cicaprost on lung ILC2s in vivo. METHODS Flow-sorted bone marrow ILC2s of wild-type (WT) and PGI2 receptor-deficient (IP(-/-)) mice were cultured with IL-33 and treated with the PGI2 analog cicaprost. WT and IP(-/-) mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria alternata extract for 4 consecutive days to induce ILC2 responses, and these were quantified. Prior to A. alternata extract, challenged WT mice were treated with cicaprost. Human flow-sorted peripheral blood ILC2s were cultured with IL-33 and IL-2 and treated with the PGI2 analog cicaprost. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrate that PGI2 inhibits IL-5 and IL-13 protein expression by IL-33-stimulated ILC2s purified from mouse bone marrow in a manner that was dependent on signaling through the PGI2 receptor IP. In a mouse model of 4 consecutive days of airway challenge with an extract of A. alternata, a fungal aeroallergen associated with severe asthma exacerbations, endogenous PGI2 signaling significantly inhibited lung IL-5 and IL-13 protein expression, and reduced the number of lung IL-5- and IL-13-expressing ILC2s, as well as the mean fluorescence intensity of IL-5 and IL-13 staining. In addition, exogenous administration of a PGI2 analog inhibited Alternaria extract-induced lung IL-5 and IL-13 protein expression, and reduced the number of lung IL-5- and IL-13-expressing ILC2s and the mean fluorescence intensity of IL-5 and IL-13 staining. Finally, a PGI2 analog inhibited IL-5 and IL-13 expression by human ILC2s that were stimulated with IL-2 and IL-33. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PGI2 may be a potential therapy to reduce the ILC2 response to protease-containing aeroallergens, such as Alternaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhou
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Shinji Toki
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jian Zhang
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kasia Goleniewksa
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jacqueline Y Cephus
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Daniel E Dulek
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Matthew T Stier
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Vasiliy Polosuhkin
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rama D Gangula
- 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Simon A Mallal
- 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - David H Broide
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Margolin DA, Myers T, Zhang X, Bertoni DM, Reuter BA, Obokhare I, Borgovan T, Grimes C, Green H, Driscoll T, Lee CG, Davis NK, Li L. The critical roles of tumor-initiating cells and the lymph node stromal microenvironment in human colorectal cancer extranodal metastasis using a unique humanized orthotopic mouse model. FASEB J 2015; 29:3571-81. [PMID: 25962655 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The most important prognostic factors are lymph node (LN) involvement and extranodal metastasis. Our objective is to investigate the interactions between CD133(+)CXCR4(+) (CXC receptor 4) colorectal cancer tumor-initiating cells (Co-TICs) and the LN stromal microenvironment in human CRC extranodal metastasis. We established a unique humanized orthotopic xenograft model. Luciferase-tagged CRC cell lines and human cancer cells were injected intrarectally into nonobese diabetic/SCID mice. Mesenteric LN stromal cells, stromal cell line HK, or CXCL12 knockdown HK (HK-KD-A3) cells were coinoculated with CRC cells. Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored by bioluminescent imaging and immunohistochemistry. We found that this model mimics the human CRC metastatic pattern with CRC cell lines or patient specimens. Adding LN stromal cells promotes CRC tumor growth and extranodal metastasis (P < 0.001). Knocking down CXCL12 impaired HK cell support of CRC tumor formation and extranodal metastasis. When HK cells were added, sorted CD133(+)CXCR4(+) Co-TICs showed increased tumor formation and extranodal metastasis capacities compared to unseparated and non-Co-TIC populations. In conclusion, both Co-TIC and LN stromal factors play crucial roles in CRC metastasis through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Blocking Co-TIC/LN-stromal interactions may lead to effective therapy to prevent extranodal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Margolin
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tamara Myers
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle M Bertoni
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian A Reuter
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Izi Obokhare
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Theodor Borgovan
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chelsea Grimes
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather Green
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiffany Driscoll
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chung-Gi Lee
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nancy K Davis
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li Li
- *Department of Colon Rectal Surgery, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and Ochsner Clinic School, University Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Cho W, Kim Y, Kim J, Park S, Park D, Kim BC, Jeoung D, Kim YM, Choe J. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a positive regulator of TGF-β-induced prostaglandin production in human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4287-97. [PMID: 25825445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PGs are emerging as important immune modulators. Since our report on the expression of PG synthases in human follicular dendritic cells, we investigated the potential immunoregulatory function of PGs and their production mechanisms. In this study, we explored the intracellular signaling molecules mediating TGF-β-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 augmentation in follicular dendritic cell-like cells. TGF-β triggered phosphorylation of Smad3 and ERK, which were essential for the increase in COX-2 protein. Interestingly, depletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) resulted in an almost complete inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation and COX-2 induction. Nuclear translocation of Smad3 was inhibited in SOCS1-depleted cells. SOCS1 knockdown also downregulated TGF-β-stimulated Snail expression and its binding to the Cox-2 promoter. In contrast, overexpression of SOCS1 gave rise to a significant increase in Snail and COX-2 proteins. SOCS1 was reported to be a negative regulator of cytokine signaling by various investigators. However, our current data suggest that SOCS1 promotes TGF-β-induced COX-2 expression and PG production by facilitating Smad3 phosphorylation and Snail binding to the Cox-2 promoter. The complete understanding of the biological function of SOCS1 might be obtained via extensive studies with diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jini Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongji Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokbum Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; Bioinformation Technology Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim J, Yoon Y, Jeoung D, Kim YM, Choe J. Interferon-γ stimulates human follicular dendritic cell-like cells to produce prostaglandins via the JAK-STAT pathway. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:189-96. [PMID: 25818476 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ plays a critical role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Paying attention to the emerging role of prostaglandins (PGs) as immune regulators, we attempted to establish the effect of IFN-γ on PG production in human follicular dendritic cell-like HK cells and the underlying signaling pathway by using RNA interference technology. IFN-γ induced COX-2 protein expression in HK cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was not observed in peripheral blood monocytes. Although IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, only STAT1 was essential for the COX-2 augmentation. The JAK kinases responsible for IFN-γ-triggered STAT1 phosphorylation were JAK1 and JAK2, which were also required for the COX-2 induction. The essential requirement of JAK1 and JAK2 was verified by confocal microscopic analysis, since STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were impaired in HK cells with these two kinases knocked down. Finally, we demonstrated that JAK1, JAK2, and STAT1 were indispensable for the actual enhancement of PG production in response to IFN-γ stimulation. These results provide a novel insight into our understanding of IFN-γ under inflammatory conditions and support the emerging concept of PGs as important immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jini Kim
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lone AM, Taskén K. Proinflammatory and immunoregulatory roles of eicosanoids in T cells. Front Immunol 2013; 4:130. [PMID: 23760108 PMCID: PMC3671288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are inflammatory mediators primarily generated by hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 to ω-3 and ω-6 C20 fatty acids that next are converted to leukotrienes (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclins (PCs), and thromboxanes (TXAs). The rate-limiting and tightly regulated lipoxygenases control synthesis of LTs while the equally well-controlled cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 generate prostanoids, including PGs, PCs, and TXAs. While many of the classical signs of inflammation such as redness, swelling, pain, and heat are caused by eicosanoid species with vasoactive, pyretic, and pain-inducing effects locally, some eicosanoids also regulate T cell functions. Here, we will review eicosanoid production in T cell subsets and the inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions of LTs, PGs, PCs, and TXAs in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mari Lone
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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12
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Cho W, Hong SH, Choe J. IL-4 and HDAC Inhibitors Suppress Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Follicular Dendritic Cells. Immune Netw 2013; 13:75-9. [PMID: 23700398 PMCID: PMC3659259 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for immunoregulatory roles of prostaglandins (PGs) is accumulating. Since our observation of PG production by human follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), we investigated the regulatory mechanism of PG production in FDC and attempted to understand the functions of released PGs in the responses of adjacent lymphocytes. Here, using FDC-like cells, HK cells, we analyzed protein expression alterations in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the presence of IL-4 or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Both IL-4 and HDAC inhibitors suppressed COX-2 expression in dose-dependent manners. Their effect was specific to COX-2 and did not reach to COX-1 expression. Interestingly, HDAC inhibitors gave rise to an opposing effect on COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes. Our results suggest that IL-4 may regulate COX-2 expression in FDCs by affecting chromatin remodeling and provide insight into the role of cellular interactions between T cells and FDC during the GC reaction. Given the growing interests in wide-spectrum HDAC inhibitors, the differential results on COX-2 expression in HK cells and monocytes raise cautions on their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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13
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PGI2 as a regulator of inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:926968. [PMID: 22851816 PMCID: PMC3407649 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin, or PGI2, is an end product derived from the sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase and PGI synthase (PGIS). The receptor for PGI2, IP, can be found on a variety of cell types and signaling through this receptor exhibits broad physiological effects. Historically, PGI2 has been understood to play a role in cardiovascular health, specifically having powerful vasodilatory effects via relaxation of smooth muscle and inhibiting of platelet aggregation. For these reasons, PGI2 has a long history of use for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Only recently, its importance as an immunomodulatory agent has been investigated. PGI2 regulates both the innate and adaptive immune systems and its effects are, for the most part, thought to be anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive in nature, which may have implications for its further clinical use.
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14
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Cho W, Jeoung DI, Kim YM, Choe J. STAT6 and JAK1 are essential for IL-4-mediated suppression of prostaglandin production in human follicular dendritic cells: opposing roles of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated STAT6. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:635-42. [PMID: 22406175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are emerging as important immune mediators. Since our first report on the expression of prostacyclin synthase in the germinal centers, we have investigated production mechanisms and biological functions of PG using human follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cells. In the previous report, we observed that TGF-β enhances PG production, and IL-4 prevents this upregulation. To elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of IL-4, its effects on the key enzyme leading to PG production were analyzed in this study. IL-4 but not IL-10 inhibited TGF-β-induced COX-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Next the early signaling molecules of IL-4 were identified by siRNA technology. IL-4 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, 3, and 6, but only JAK1-STAT6 pathway was responsible for the prevention of COX-2 augmentation and PG production. Phosphorylated STAT6 accumulated in the nucleus rapidly upon IL-4 addition, and the complete inhibition of COX-2 upregulation required 24 h of pretreatment with IL-4, implying that newly transcribed molecules mediate the inhibitory signals downstream of STAT6. Interestingly, unphosphorylated STAT6 proteins were constitutively expressed in the nucleus, and depletion of STAT6 impaired background level expression of COX-2 and PGs. Our results highlight the crucial roles of TGF-β and IL-4 in the regulation of PG production, which lead us to suggest that T cells play an important role in FDC production of PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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15
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The role of BCL11B in regulating the proliferation of human naive T cells. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:456-64. [PMID: 22426257 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 11B gene (BCL11B) on human T-cell regulation remains unclear. To characterize the functions of BCL11B, recombinant BCL11B and BCL11B siRNA were transfected into human naive T cells to overexpress or knock down BCL11B expression, respectively. After BCL11B overexpression, the proliferation ability and the T-helper (Th) subset were increased, whereas no significant alteration in the expression pattern and clonality of the T-cell receptor Vβ subfamilies was observed. After BCL11B knockdown, a similar distribution of Vβ subfamilies was detected in the naive T cells; however, the proliferation capacity substantially decreased. Global gene expression profiling revealed that the dysregulated genes were mainly involved in T-cell activation and proliferation. BCL11B could selectively promote Th-cell differentiation because of increased CXCL10 and CXCL11 expression. BCL11B suppression may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may relate to changes in the expression of CFLAR-CASP8-CASP10 in the mitochondrial pathways. In conclusion, BCL11B is required for T-cell survival; its overexpression could effectively increase the T-cell activation and proliferation abilities and Th-cell differentiation as well.
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16
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Kim J, Kim YM, Jeoung DI, Choe J. Human follicular dendritic cells promote the APC capability of B cells by enhancing CD86 expression levels. Cell Immunol 2012; 273:109-14. [PMID: 22321156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are an essential cellular component of the germinal center (GC) and are believed to exert regulatory effects on the various stages of GC reactions. According to our previous reports, human FDCs express prostacyclin synthase, and prostacyclin analogues augment adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of activated B cells. These findings prompted us to investigate whether FDCs would contribute to the antigen-presenting capability of B cells by using the well-established FDC-like cells, HK cells, and tonsillar B cells. Our results show that HK cells significantly enhance the expression levels of CD54, CD80, and CD86 on the surface of activated B cells. The enhancing effect of HK cells on CD86 is impeded by indomethacin and an EP4 antagonist, implying that a certain prostaglandin is mediating the up-regulation. Prostacyclin indeed recapitulates the enhancing effect on CD86, which is inhibited by EP4 as well as IP antagonists. B cells co-cultured with HK cells exhibit an augmented APC activity, which is inhibited by CD86 neutralization. These results reveal another unrecognized function of human FDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jini Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cho W, Kim J, Cho KB, Choe J. Production of prostaglandin e(2) and i(2) is coupled with cyclooxygenase-2 in human follicular dendritic cells. Immune Netw 2011; 11:364-7. [PMID: 22346776 PMCID: PMC3275705 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.6.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostaglandins (PGs) play pathogenic and protective roles in inflammatory diseases. The novel concept of PGs as immune modulators is being documented by several investigators. By establishing an in vitro experimental model containing human follicular dendritic cell-like cells, HK cells, we reported that HK cells produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and that these PGs regulate biological functions of T and B cells. Methods To investigate the respective contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 to PGE2 and PGI2 production in HK cells, we performed siRNA technology to knock down COX enzymes and examined the effect on PG production. Results Both PGE2 and PGI2 productions were almost completely inhibited by the depletion of COX-2. In contrast, COX-1 knockdown did not significantly affect PG production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion The current results suggest that mPGES-1 and PGIS are coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and may help understand the potential effects of selective COX inhibitors on the humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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18
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Hussain M, Javeed A, Ashraf M, Zhao Y, Mukhtar MM, Rehman MU. Aspirin and immune system. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:10-20. [PMID: 22172645 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The time-tested gradual exploration of aspirin's diverse pharmacological properties has made it the most reliable therapeutic agent worldwide. In addition to its well-argued anti-inflammatory effects, many new and exciting data have emerged regarding the role of aspirin in cells of the immune system and certain immunopathological states. For instance, aspirin induces tolerogenic activity in dendritic cells and determines the fate of naive T cells to regulatory phenotypes, which suggests its immunoregulatory potential in relevance to immune tolerance. It also displays some intriguing traits to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, the immunomodulatory relation of aspirin to different immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and the T and B lymphocytes has been highlighted. Moreover, the clinical prospects of aspirin in terms of autoimmunity, allograft rejection and immune tolerance have also been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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19
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Boswell MG, Zhou W, Newcomb DC, Peebles RS. PGI2 as a regulator of CD4+ subset differentiation and function. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 96:21-6. [PMID: 21864703 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG)I(2) has important regulatory functions on the innate and adaptive immune systems. Recent experimental evidence reveals that PGI(2) modulates the development and function of CD4+ T cells subsets, including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses. In vitro and in vivo studies support that PGI(2) generally has an inhibitory effect on Th1 and Th2 activation, differentiation, and cytokine production. In contrast, PGI(2) seems to enhance Th17-favoring polarization conditions, resulting in Th17 cytokine production. Therefore, PGI(2) may either promote or inhibit individual CD4+ cell subsets and impact adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison G Boswell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Kim J, Park CS, Park CH, Jeoung DI, Kim YM, Choe J. Beraprost enhances the APC function of B cells by upregulating CD86 expression levels. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3866-73. [PMID: 21339360 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators are emerging as important regulators of the immune system. Based on our previous result that shows strong expression of prostacyclin synthase in the germinal center, we investigated whether prostacyclin would regulate the APC function of B cells. Owing to the very short half-life of prostacyclin in experimental conditions, we used a more stable analog, beraprost. Beraprost increased the amounts of the costimulatory molecule CD86 but not CD80 on the surface of activated B cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. However, the enhancing effect of beraprost was not observed on memory B cells, centroblasts, and centrocytes. Beraprost required BCR and CD40 signals to upregulate CD86 expression levels. Other prostanoids such as PGE(2), 6-keto-PGF(1α), and PGF(2α) failed to alter CD86 expression levels, whereas other prostacyclin analogs were as potent as beraprost. Results carried out with receptor antagonists revealed that beraprost enhanced CD86 levels by binding to prostacyclin receptor IP and by increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations. Beraprost-treated B cells potently stimulated allogeneic T cells, which was significantly abolished by CD86 neutralization. Our data imply an unrecognized cellular and molecular mechanism about the germinal center reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jini Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Korea
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21
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Cho W, Kim Y, Jeoung DI, Kim YM, Choe J. IL-4 and IL-13 suppress prostaglandins production in human follicular dendritic cells by repressing COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression through JAK1 and STAT6. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:966-72. [PMID: 21277633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Originally discovered as a B cell growth and differentiation factor, IL-4 displays a variety of functions in many different cell types. Germinal center T cells are abundant producers of IL-4. In a recent report, we demonstrated that IL-4 inhibits prostaglandins (PGs) production in follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cells, HK. To understand the inhibitory mechanisms of IL-4, its effects on the biosynthesis of enzymes in charge of PG production were assessed in this study. Although IL-4 did not affect COX-1 expression, it specifically inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 biosynthesis at mRNA and protein levels. Protein expression of mPGES-1, a downstream enzyme of COX-2, was also markedly diminished by IL-4 but not by IL-10, maximizing the inhibitory activity. Next, we attempted to identify the early signaling molecules that led to this inhibition of COX-2 expression. Although IL-4 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2, RNA interference experiments revealed that only JAK1 was responsible for the IL-4-stimulated STAT6 phosphorylation. Knocking down JAK1 and STAT6 ablated the inhibitory effect of IL-4 on COX-2 expression and significantly reduced production of PGE(2) and prostacyclin. Similar results were obtained with IL-13. Pharmacologic inhibitors of ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibited the COX-2 upregulation. However, IL-4 did not affect LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38. These results stress the essential roles of JAK1 and STAT6 in the early signaling pathway of IL-4 and IL-13 leading to suppression of COX-2 expression and repression of PG production by HK cells. Our results suggest that T cells via IL-4 play a regulatory role in PG generation in FDC. IL-4 therapeutics may be applied to immune disorders where normal and ectopic expression of germinal center reactions needs to be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ohba K, Ryo A, Dewan MZ, Nishi M, Naito T, Qi X, Inagaki Y, Nagashima Y, Tanaka Y, Okamoto T, Terashima K, Yamamoto N. Follicular dendritic cells activate HIV-1 replication in monocytes/macrophages through a juxtacrine mechanism mediated by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:524-32. [PMID: 19542463 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are located in the lymphoid follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues and play a pivotal role in the selection of memory B lymphocytes within the germinal center, a major site for HIV-1 infection. Germinal centers are composed of highly activated B cells, macrophages, CD4(+)T cells, and FDCs. However, the physiological role of FDCs in HIV-1 replication remains largely unknown. We demonstrate in our current study that FDCs can efficiently activate HIV-1 replication in latently infected monocytic cells via an intercellular communication network mediated by the P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) interaction. Upon coculture with FDCs, HIV-1 replication was significantly induced in infected monocytic cell lines, primary monocytes, or macrophages. These cocultures were found to synergistically induce the expression of P-selectin in FDCs via NF-kappaB activation and its cognate receptor PSGL-1 in HIV-1-infected cells. Consistent with this observation, we find that this response is significantly blocked by antagonistic Abs against PSGL-1 and almost completely inhibited by PSGL-1 small interfering RNA. Moreover, a selective inhibitor for Syk, which is a downstream effector of PSGL-1, blocked HIV-1 replication in our cultures. We have thus elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism in which FDCs are a potent positive bystander that facilitates HIV-1 replication in adjacent infected monocytic cells via a juxtacrine signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohba
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Allen CDC, Cyster JG. Follicular dendritic cell networks of primary follicles and germinal centers: phenotype and function. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:14-25. [PMID: 18261920 PMCID: PMC2366796 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were identified decades ago by their ability to retain immune complexes and more recent findings indicate that they are a source of B cell attractants and trophic factors. New imaging studies have shown that B cells closely associate with their dendritic processes during migration. Here we will review the properties of these specialized follicular stromal cells and provide an update on the requirements for their maturation into phenotypically distinct cells within germinal center light and dark zones. We will then discuss current understanding of how they help support the B cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D C Allen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0414, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.
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24
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Lee IY, Cho W, Kim J, Park CS, Choe J. Human Follicular Dendritic Cells Interact with T Cells via Expression and Regulation of Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandin E and I Synthases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1390-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Jaffar Z, Ferrini ME, Buford MC, Fitzgerald GA, Roberts K. Prostaglandin I2-IP signaling blocks allergic pulmonary inflammation by preventing recruitment of CD4+ Th2 cells into the airways in a mouse model of asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6193-203. [PMID: 17947695 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PGI(2) plays a key role in limiting Th2-mediated airway inflammation. In studies to investigate the mechanism underlying such regulation, we found that the PGI(2) receptor, IP, is preferentially expressed by effector CD4(+) Th2 cells, when compared with Th1 cells. Adoptive transfer of DO11.10 Th2 cells pretreated with PGI(2) resulted in considerably attenuated pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in BALB/c recipient mice in response to OVA inhalation. This suppression was independent of increased cAMP levels, because pretreatment of Th2 cells with dibutyryl cAMP before transfer had no effect on airway inflammation. Moreover, PGI(2) pretreatment of Th2 cells suppressed the ability of the cells to infiltrate the lungs but not the spleen. In vitro studies showed that PGI(2) did not affect IL-4 and IL-5 production or the level of IFN-gamma by the T cells. However, the prostanoid strongly inhibited CCL17-induced chemotaxis of CD4(+) Th2 but not Th1 cells. The IP was implicated in this process since migration of wild-type Th2 cells in response to CCL17 was markedly reduced following treatment with PGI(2), whereas IP-deficient Th2 cells were unaffected and migrated effectively. Collectively, these experiments suggest that PGI(2), which is generated by endothelial cells during lung inflammatory response, serves to limit the influx of Th2 cells to the airways. Our results identify PGI(2)-IP as an important pathway for inhibiting allergic pulmonary inflammation by controlling recruitment of CD4(+) Th2 cells into the inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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26
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Abstract
Studies are revealing that lymphoid neoplasms are characterized by well-defined chromosome translocations and by the accumulation of subsequent molecular alterations involving mainly the cell cycle and/or apoptotic pathways. However, survival of B and T tumor cells is also dependent on the interactions with the accompanying cells that comprise the lymphoma microenvironment. Although non-tumor cells can contribute both positive and negative signals to the lymphoma cells, in this review we present compelling evidence of the essential influence of the tumor microenvironment on the initiation and progression of specific lymphoma types, highlighting some new therapeutic approaches that target the lymphoma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Herreros
- Lymphoma Group, Molecular Pathology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Lee IY, Bae YD, Jeoung DI, Kang D, Park CH, Kim SH, Choe J. Prostacyclin production is not controlled by prostacyclin synthase but by cyclooxygenase-2 in a human follicular dendritic cell line, HK. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:3168-72. [PMID: 17337058 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2006] [Revised: 01/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that human follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) strongly express prostacyclin synthase. The purpose of this study is to investigate the production mechanism of prostacyclin using the established human FDC line, HK. The levels of PGIS protein expression did not vary during the different stages of the cell cycle. We stimulated HK cells with various inflammatory cytokines but, none of the tested stimuli modulated PGIS expression significantly. However, incubation of HK cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gave rise to a significant increase in the protein level of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, elevated levels of prostacyclin secretion stimulated by TNF-alpha were markedly down-regulated by indomethacin and a selective COX-2 inhibitor. These results suggest that the production of prostacyclin in FDC is controlled by the regulation of upstream COX-2 but not by terminal PGIS protein production. This study has important implications for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chunchon, Kangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Nishikawa Y, Hikida M, Magari M, Kanayama N, Mori M, Kitamura H, Kurosaki T, Ohmori H. Establishment of Lymphotoxin β Receptor Signaling-Dependent Cell Lines with Follicular Dendritic Cell Phenotypes from Mouse Lymph Nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:5204-14. [PMID: 17015706 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have been shown to play a crucial role in the positive selection of high-affinity B cells that are generated by somatic hypermutation in germinal center (GC). Because of technical difficulties in preparing and maintaining pure FDCs, a role for FDCs in this complicated process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we established a cell line designated as pFL that retained major FDC phenotypes from a three-dimensional culture of mouse lymph node cells. pFL cells proliferated slowly in response to an agonistic anti-lymphotoxin beta receptor mAb and TNF-alpha. A more rapidly growing clone, named FL-Y, with similar requirements for growth was isolated from a long-term culture of pFL. Analysis of surface markers in these two cell lines by immunostaining, flow cytometry, and DNA microarray revealed the expression of genes, including those of CD21, FcgammaRIIB, lymphotoxin beta receptor, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, and C4, which have been shown to be characteristic of FDCs. In addition, B cell-activating factor was expressed in these two cell lines. At the pFL or FL-Y:B cell ratio of 1:100, the cell lines markedly sustained B cell survival and Ab production during 2 wk of culture, while most B cells collapsed within 1 wk in the absence of the FDC-like cells. Interestingly, expression of typical GC markers, Fas and GL-7, was notably augmented in B cells that were cocultured with Th cells on these two cell lines. Thus, pFL and FL-Y cells may be useful for providing insight into the functional role for FDCs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
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