1
|
Vidojevic D, Seman S, Lasica R, Tesic M, Matutinovic MS, Jovicic S, Ignjatovic S, Arena R, Damjanovic S, Popovic D. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone during exercise recovery has prognostic value for coronary artery disease. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:381-387. [PMID: 33523420 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has proven cardiovascular effects and plays a significant role as an endogenous countermeasure to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the current study was to examine the response of alpha-MSH during exercise in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate its value in the assessment of severity and prognosis. METHODS Forty subjects with documented CAD (i.e., lesions on coronary angiography ≥ 50%) were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill (TM) and recumbent ergometer (RE) were performed on two visits, 2-4 days apart, during 2 months of coronary angiography; subsequently, the subjects were followed up for 32 ± 10 months. At rest, at peak CPET, and after 3 min of recovery, plasma levels of alpha-MSH were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS Mean ejection fraction was 56.7 ± 9.6%. Alpha-MSH similarly increased from rest to peak CPET on both modalities. There were no significant differences in alpha-MSH values during testing in patients with 1,2- and 3-vesel CAD, nor in patients with a SYNTAX score </≥ 23 (p > 0.05). Among CPET and hormonal parameters, ∆alpha-MSH recovery/peak during RE CPET was the best predictor of cardiac event occurrence (chi-square 6.67, HR = 0.51, CI = 0.25-1.02, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION ∆alpha-MSH recovery/peak during RE CPET has predictive value for CAD prognosis, demonstrating involvement of alpha-MSH in CAD and a link between stress hormones and cardiac events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Vidojevic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Stefan Seman
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Balgoja Parovica 156, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ratko Lasica
- Division of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- Division of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | | | - Snezana Jovicic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ignjatovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Svetozar Damjanovic
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dejana Popovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lonati C, Gatti S, Catania A. Activation of Melanocortin Receptors as a Potential Strategy to Reduce Local and Systemic Reactions Induced by Respiratory Viruses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:569241. [PMID: 33362713 PMCID: PMC7758465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.569241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical hallmarks of infections caused by critical respiratory viruses consist of pneumonia, which can progress to acute lung injury (ALI), and systemic manifestations including hypercoagulopathy, vascular dysfunction, and endotheliitis. The disease outcome largely depends on the immune response produced by the host. The bio-molecular mechanisms underlying certain dire consequences of the infection partly arise from an aberrant production of inflammatory molecules, an event denoted as "cytokine storm". Therefore, in addition to antiviral therapies, molecules able to prevent the injury caused by cytokine excess are under investigation. In this perspective, taking advantage of melanocortin peptides and their receptors, components of an endogenous modulatory system that exerts marked anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory influences, could be an effective therapeutic strategy to control disease evolution. Exploiting the melanocortin system using natural or synthetic ligands can form a realistic basis to counteract certain deleterious effects of respiratory virus infections. The central and peripheral protective actions exerted following melanocortin receptor activation could allow dampening the harmful events that trigger the cytokine storm and endothelial dysfunction while sustaining the beneficial signals required to elicit repair mechanisms. The long standing evidence for melanocortin safety encourages this approach.
Collapse
|
3
|
Böhm M, Luger T. Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing? Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:219-224. [PMID: 30661264 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process divided into different phases, that is an inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phase. During these phases, a variety of resident skin cell types but also cells of the immune system orchestrate the healing process. In the last year, it has been shown that the majority of cutaneous cell types express the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) that binds α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with high affinity and elicits pleiotropic biological effects, for example modulation of inflammation and immune responses, cytoprotection, antioxidative defense and collagen turnover. Truncated α-MSH peptides such as Lys-Pro-Val (KPV) as well as derivatives like Lys-d-Pro-Thr (KdPT), the latter containing the amino acid sequence 193-195 of interleukin-1β, have been found to possess anti-inflammatory effects but to lack the pigment-inducing activity of α-MSH. We propose here that such peptides are promising future candidates for the treatment of cutaneous wounds and skin ulcers. Experimental approaches in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in animal models are outlined. This is followed by an unbiased discussion of the pro and contra arguments of such peptides as future candidates for the therapeutic management of cutaneous wounds and a review of the so-far available data on melanocortin peptides and derivatives in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Luger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baranova A, Randhawa M, Jarrar M, Younossi ZM. Adipokines and melanocortins in the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 7:195-205. [PMID: 17331066 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its more aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adipokines produced by white adipose tissue possess broad physiological activity and play an important autocrine role in obesity-associated complications, including metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Various adipokines may have beneficial or harmful effects. Other tissues, particularly stomach and intestine, produce active molecules that can influence the function of adipocytes and, possibly, the levels of adipokine secretion. In some cases, the production sites of these molecules remain unknown. The review focuses on our current understanding of the disease-related effects of the adipokines and the melanocortins on various peripheral tissues, and discusses some of their potential interactions with each other. Potential therapeutic applications are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, VA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rinne P, Penttinen AM, Nordlund W, Ahotupa M, Savontaus E. α-MSH analogue attenuates blood pressure elevation in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72857. [PMID: 23977363 PMCID: PMC3745458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte-stimulating hormones, α-, β- and γ-MSH, regulate important physiological functions including energy homeostasis, inflammation and sodium metabolism. Previous studies have shown that α-MSH increases sodium excretion and promotes vascular function in rodents, but it is unexplored whether these characteristics of α-MSH could translate into therapeutic benefits in the treatment of hypertension. Therefore, we first assessed the diuretic and natriuretic properties of the stable α-MSH analogue [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-α-MSH (NDP-α-MSH) and investigated whether it has protective effects in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive mice. Adult male C57Bl/6N mice were subjected to DOCA-salt treatment and randomized to receive intraperitoneal injections of either saline as vehicle or NDP-α-MSH (0.3 mg/kg/day for 14 days) starting 7 days after the DOCA-salt treatment. Systemic hemodynamics, serum and urine electrolytes, and oxidative stress markers were assessed in control sham-operated and DOCA-salt mice. NDP-α-MSH elicited marked diuretic and natriuretic responses that were reversible with the MC3/4 receptor antagonist SHU9119. Chronic NDP-α-MSH treatment attenuated blood pressure elevation in DOCA-salt mice without affecting the blood pressure of normotensive control animals. Owing to the enhanced sodium excretion, NDP-α-MSH-treated mice were protected from DOCA-salt-induced hypernatremia. DOCA-salt treatment mildly increased oxidative stress at the tissue level, but NDP-α-MSH had no significant effects on the oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, treatment with NDP-α-MSH increases urinary sodium excretion and protects against DOCA-salt-induced hypertension. These findings point to the potential future use of α-MSH analogues in the treatment of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Rinne
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Melanocortins and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 681:71-87. [PMID: 21222261 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6354-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that small concentrations of inflammatory molecules produced by damaged tissues activate afferent signals through ascending vagus nerve fibers, that act as the sensory arm of an "inflammatory reflex". The subsequent activation of vagal efferent fibers, which represent the motor arm of the inflammatory reflex, rapidly leads to acetylcholine release in organs of the reticuloendothelial system. Acetylcholine interacts with α7 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors in tissue macrophages and other immune cells and rapidly inhibits the synthesis/release of tumor necrosis factor-α and other inflammatory cytokines. This neural anti-inflammatory response called "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" is fast and integrated through the central nervous system. Preclinical studies are in progress, with the aim to develop therapeutic agents able to activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Melanocortin peptides bearing the adrenocorticotropin/α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone sequences exert a protective and life-saving effect in animals and humans in conditions of circulatory shock. These neuropeptides are likewise protective in other severe hypoxic conditions, such as prolonged respiratory arrest, myocardial ischemia, renal ischemia and ischemic stroke, as well as in experimental heart transplantation. Moreover, experimental evidence indicates that melanocortins reverse circulatory shock, prevent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion damage and exert neuroprotection against ischemic stroke through activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This action occurs via stimulation of brain melanocortin MC3/MC4 receptors. Investigations that determine the molecular mechanisms of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activation could help design of superselective activators of this pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Ma J, Yao K, Yin J. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone suppresses the proliferation of human Tenon’s capsule fibroblast proliferation induced by transforming growth factor beta 1. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Giuliani D, Minutoli L, Ottani A, Spaccapelo L, Bitto A, Galantucci M, Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Guarini S. Melanocortins as potential therapeutic agents in severe hypoxic conditions. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:179-93. [PMID: 22531139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanocortin peptides with the adrenocorticotropin/melanocyte-stimulating hormone (ACTH/MSH) sequences and synthetic analogs have protective and life-saving effects in experimental conditions of circulatory shock, myocardial ischemia, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, respiratory arrest, renal ischemia, intestinal ischemia and testicular ischemia, as well as in experimental heart transplantation. Moreover, melanocortins improve functional recovery and stimulate neurogenesis in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. These beneficial effects of ACTH/MSH-like peptides are mostly mediated by brain melanocortin MC(3)/MC(4) receptors, whose activation triggers protective pathways that counteract the main ischemia/reperfusion-related mechanisms of damage. Induction of signaling pathways and other molecular regulators of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation and integration seems to be the key mechanism of neurogenesis stimulation. Synthesis of stable and highly selective agonists at MC(3) and MC(4) receptors could provide the potential for development of a new class of drugs for a novel approach to management of severe ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gatti S, Lonati C, Sordi A, Catania A. Protective Effects of Melanocortins in Systemic Host Reactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 681:117-25. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6354-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Catania A, Lonati C, Sordi A, Leonardi P, Carlin A, Gatti S. The peptide NDP-MSH induces phenotype changes in the heart that resemble ischemic preconditioning. Peptides 2010; 31:116-22. [PMID: 19799952 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide that exerts multiple protective effects on host cells. Previous investigations showed that treatment with alpha-MSH or synthetic melanocortin agonists reduces heart damage in reperfusion injury and transplantation. The aim of this preclinical research was to determine whether melanocortin treatment induces preconditioning-like cardioprotection. In particular, the plan was to assess whether melanocortin administration causes phenotype changes similar to those induced by repetitive ischemic events. The idea was conceived because both ischemic preconditioning and melanocortin signaling largely depend on cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Rats received single i.v. injections of 750microg/kg of the alpha-MSH analogue Nle(4),DPhe(7)-alpha-MSH (NDP-MSH) or saline and were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 3, or 5h. Western blot analysis showed that rat hearts expressed melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) protein. Treatment with NDP-MSH was associated with early and marked increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA. This was followed by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). There were no changes in expression of other cytokines of the IL-6 family. Expression of IL-10, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha was likewise unaltered. In hearts of rats treated with NDP-MSH there was increased expression of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77. The data indicate that NDP-MSH induces phenotype changes that closely resemble ischemic preconditioning and likely contribute to its established protection against reperfusion injury. In addition, the increased expression of Nur77 and SOCS3 could be part of a broader anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Catania
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hamrah P, Haskova Z, Taylor AW, Zhang Q, Ksander BR, Dana MR. Local treatment with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone reduces corneal allorejection. Transplantation 2009; 88:180-7. [PMID: 19623012 PMCID: PMC2735785 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181ac11ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal grafting is by far the most common form of transplantation. Many grafts suffer from immune rejection and current therapies are associated with many side effects, requiring more effective and safe therapies. alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a neuropeptide that suppresses host inflammatory defense mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of local therapy with alpha-MSH on corneal allograft survival, and the mechanisms by which it may influence graft outcome. METHODS Orthotopic corneal transplantation was performed, with recipients receiving subconjunctival alpha-MSH or sham injections twice weekly. Grafts were followed up for 70 days, and graft inflammation/opacification was compared between the two groups in a masked fashion. Graft infiltration and ocular gene expression of select inflammatory cytokines was evaluated at different timepoints. Additionally, allospecific delayed-type hypersensitivity was compared among the groups 3 weeks posttransplantation. RESULTS Results showed a significant increase in corneal graft survival in alpha-MSH-treated recipients compared with controls. Although 75% of allografts in alpha-MSH-treated hosts survived at 70 days, 43% survived in controls (P=0.04). Graft infiltration studies demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in alpha-MSH-treated mice compared with controls at days 7 and 14 after transplantation. Furthermore, allospecific delayed-type hypersensitivity and gene expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 showed a significantly reduced expression in alpha-MSH-treated mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS This study provides for the first time, in vivo evidence that treatment with local alpha-MSH may significantly reduce allorejection of orthotopic transplants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Hamrah
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leoni G, Patel HB, Sampaio ALF, Gavins FNE, Murray JF, Grieco P, Getting SJ, Perretti M. Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion. FASEB J 2008; 22:4228-38. [PMID: 18757499 PMCID: PMC2700033 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The existence of anti-inflammatory circuits centered on melanocortin receptors (MCRs) has been supported by the inhibitory properties displayed by melanocortin peptides in models of inflammation and tissue injury. Here we addressed the pathophysiological effect that one MCR, MCR type 3 (MC3R), might have on vascular inflammation. After occlusion (35 min) and reopening of the superior mesenteric artery, MC3R-null mice displayed a higher degree of plasma extravasation (45 min postreperfusion) and cell adhesion and emigration (90 min postreperfusion). These cellular alterations were complemented by higher expression of mesenteric tissue CCL2 and CXCL1 (mRNA and protein) and myeloperoxydase, as compared with wild-type animals. MC1R and MC3R mRNA and protein were both expressed in the inflamed mesenteric tissue; however, no changes in vascular responses were observed in a mouse colony bearing an inactive MC1R. Pharmacological treatment of animals with a selective MC3R agonist ([d-Trp8]-γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; 10 μg i.v.) produced marked attenuation of cell adhesion, emigration, and chemokine generation; such effects were absent in MC3R-null mice. These new data reveal the existence of a tonic inhibitory signal provided by MC3R in the mesenteric microcirculation of the mouse, acting to down-regulate cell trafficking and local mediator generation.—Leoni, G., Patel, H. B., Sampaio, A. L. F., Gavins, F. N. E., Murray, J. F., Grieco, P., Getting, S. J., Perretti, M. Inflamed phenotype of the mesenteric microcirculation of melanocortin type 3 receptor-null mice after ischemia-reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Leoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Colombo G, Sordi A, Lonati C, Carlin A, Turcatti F, Leonardi P, Gatti S, Catania A. Treatment with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone preserves calcium regulatory proteins in rat heart allografts. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:817-23. [PMID: 18178058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of graft dysfunction is a major objective in transplantation medicine. Previous research on experimental heart transplantation indicated that treatment with the immunomodulatory peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) improves histopathology, prolongs allograft survival, and reduces expression of the main tissue injury mediators. Because calcium-handling is critical in heart graft function, we determined the effects of transplantation injury and influences of alpha-MSH treatment on representative calcium regulatory proteins in rat heart allografts. Hearts from Brown Norway rats were transplanted heterotopically into MHC incompatible Lewis rats. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase C epsilon (PKC epsilon), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 (SERCA2a), arrestin-beta1 (Arrb1), cholinergic receptor M2 (Chrm2), and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1 (InsP(3)R1) were examined in: (1) non-transplanted donor hearts; (2) allografts from saline-treated rats; and (3) allografts from rats treated with the synthetic alpha-MSH analog Nle4-DPhe7-alpha-MSH (NDP-alpha-MSH) (100 microg i.p. every 12h). Transplantation injury was associated with severe reduction in calcium regulatory protein transcription and expression level. NDP-alpha-MSH administration partly reversed inhibition of protein transcription and almost completely prevented protein loss. Finally, because certain effects of cyclic 3'-5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling on calcium handling in cardiac myocytes depend on activation of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), we determined Epac1 mRNA and protein expression in heart allografts. Transplantation injury markedly reduced Epac1. NDP-alpha-MSH treatment significantly preserved both Epac1 protein and mRNA in the allografts. Administration of alpha-MSH or related melanocortins could reduce transplantation-induced dysfunction through protection of heart calcium regulatory proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gualtiero Colombo
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via F.Sforza 35, Milano 20122, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang SH, Jung EJ, Lim DG, Park YH, Wee YM, Kim JH, Kim YH, Choi MY, Koo SK, Choi KD, Han DJ, Kim SC. Anti-inflammatory action of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in anti-CD3/CD28-mediated spleen and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells and a partial participation of IL-10. Immunol Lett 2008; 118:44-8. [PMID: 18395269 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has been shown to inhibit the production and the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine by inflammatory cells in innate immunity. We have determined whether alpha-MSH inhibits anti-CD3/CD28-mediated spleen cells and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells proliferation and its mechanism of action. The proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-mediated spleen cells and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells markedly were suppressed by 50-100 nM and 5-100 nM alpha-MSH, respectively. alpha-MSH (100 nM) increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 and IFN-gamma from CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. Moreover, anti-IL-10 blocking Ab decreased the inhibitory effects of anti-CD3/CD28-mediated spleen cells and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells proliferation by alpha-MSH, indicating a partial participation of IL-10 in its mechanism of inhibitory action. These results suggest that alpha-MSH may be useful for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation involving innate and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Chang
- Department of Surgery and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giuliani D, Mioni C, Bazzani C, Zaffe D, Botticelli AR, Capolongo S, Sabba A, Galantucci M, Iannone A, Grieco P, Novellino E, Colombo G, Tomasi A, Catania A, Guarini S. Selective melanocortin MC4 receptor agonists reverse haemorrhagic shock and prevent multiple organ damage. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:595-603. [PMID: 17245369 PMCID: PMC2189765 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In circulatory shock, melanocortins have life-saving effects likely to be mediated by MC4 receptors. To gain direct insight into the role of melanocortin MC4 receptors in haemorrhagic shock, we investigated the effects of two novel selective MC4 receptor agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Severe haemorrhagic shock was produced in rats under general anaesthesia. Rats were then treated with either the non-selective agonist [Nle4, D-Phe7]-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP--MSH) or with the selective MC4 agonists RO27-3225 and PG-931. Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were continuously monitored for 2 h; survival rate was recorded up to 24 h. Free radicals in blood were measured using electron spin resonance spectrometry; tissue damage was evaluated histologically 25 min or 24 h after treatment. KEY RESULTS All shocked rats treated with saline died within 30-35 min. Treatment with NDP--MSH, RO27-3225 and PG-931 produced a dose-dependent (13-108 nmol kg-1 i.v.) restoration of cardiovascular and respiratory functions, and improved survival. The three melanocortin agonists also markedly reduced circulating free radicals relative to saline-treated shocked rats. All these effects were prevented by i.p. pretreatment with the selective MC4 receptor antagonist HS024. Moreover, treatment with RO27-3225 prevented morphological and immunocytochemical changes in heart, lung, liver, and kidney, at both early (25 min) and late (24 h) intervals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Stimulation of MC4 receptors reversed haemorrhagic shock, reduced multiple organ damage and improved survival. Our findings suggest that selective MC4 receptor agonists could have a protective role against multiple organ failure following circulatory shock.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Free Radicals/blood
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/pathology
- Multiple Organ Failure/metabolism
- Multiple Organ Failure/pathology
- Multiple Organ Failure/physiopathology
- Multiple Organ Failure/prevention & control
- Myocardium/pathology
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/agonists
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Respiratory Mechanics
- Severity of Illness Index
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/drug therapy
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/pathology
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- alpha-MSH/analogs & derivatives
- alpha-MSH/pharmacology
- alpha-MSH/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - C Mioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - C Bazzani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - D Zaffe
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - A R Botticelli
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - S Capolongo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - A Sabba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - M Galantucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - A Iannone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of General Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - P Grieco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli ‘Federico II' Napoli, Italy
| | - E Novellino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli ‘Federico II' Napoli, Italy
| | - G Colombo
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena Milano, Italy
| | - A Tomasi
- Department of Diagnostic Services, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - A Catania
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena Milano, Italy
| | - S Guarini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The melanocortin system is composed of the melanocortin peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the melanocortin receptors (MCRs), and the endogenous antagonists agouti- and agouti-related protein. Melanocortin peptides exert multiple effects upon the host, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Leukocytes are a source of melanocortins and a major target for these peptides. Because of reduced translocation of the nuclear factor NF-kappaB to the nucleus, MCR activation by their ligands causes a collective reduction of the most important molecules involved in the inflammatory process. This review examines how melanocortin peptides and their receptors participate in leukocyte biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Catania
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Padiglione Granelli, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via F Sforza 35, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee TH, Jawan B, Chou WY, Lu CN, Wu CL, Kuo HM, Concejero AM, Wang CH. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone gene therapy reverses carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis in mice. J Gene Med 2006; 8:764-72. [PMID: 16508911 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis represents a process of healing and scarring in response to chronic liver injury. Effective therapies are lacking. We have previously demonstrated that alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) gene therapy protects against thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in mice. Recent reports showed that collagen metabolism is a novel target of alpha-MSH. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether alpha-MSH gene therapy possesses anti-hepatic fibrogenic effect in mice. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) continuously for 10 weeks. Alpha-MSH expression plasmid was delivered via electroporation after liver fibrosis had been established. Histopathology, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and gelatin zymography were used to investigate its possible mechanisms of action. RESULTS Alpha-MSH gene therapy reversed established liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice. RT-PCR revealed that alpha-MSH gene therapy attenuated the liver TGF-beta1, collagen alpha1, and cell adhesion molecule mRNA upregulation. Following gene transfer, both the activation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was significantly attenuated. Further, alpha-MSH significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity with tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) inactivation. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that alpha-MSH gene therapy reversed established liver fibrosis in mice. It also prevented the upregulated fibrogenic and proinflammatory gene response after CCl4 administration. Its collagenolytic effect may be attributed to MMP and TIMP modulation. In summary, alpha-MSH gene therapy may be an effective therapeutic modality against liver fibrosis with potential clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsing Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang CH, Lee TH, Lu CN, Chou WY, Hung KS, Concejero AM, Jawan B. Electroporative alpha-MSH gene transfer attenuates thioacetamide-induced murine hepatic fibrosis by MMP and TIMP modulation. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1000-9. [PMID: 16511523 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis represents a process of healing and scarring in response to chronic liver injury. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a 13-amino-acid peptide with potent anti-inflammatory effects. We have previously demonstrated that alpha-MSH gene therapy protects against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver failure. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether alpha-MSH gene therapy possesses antihepatic fibrogenic effect. Liver fibrosis was induced by long-term TAA administration in mice. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone expression plasmid was delivered via electroporation after liver fibrosis was established. Our results showed that alpha-MSH gene therapy attenuated liver fibrosis in TAA-treated mice. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that alpha-MSH gene therapy attenuated the liver transforming growth factor-beta1, collagen alpha1 and cell adhesion molecule mRNA upregulation. Following gene transfer, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and cyclooxygenase-2 were both significantly attenuated. Further, alpha-MSH significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), while tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs) were inactivated. In summary, alpha-MSH gene therapy reversed established liver fibrosis in mice and prevented the upregulated fibrogenic and pro-inflammatory gene responses after TAA administration. Its collagenolytic effect might be attributed to MMP and TIMP modulation. Hence, alpha-MSH gene therapy may be an effective therapeutic modality against liver fibrosis with potential clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-H Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|